句型转换。1. What's up? (同义句转换) What's ________ ________ you?2. What's the time? (同义句转换) ________ _________is it? 3. That's Miss Li's ring.-七年级英语
[db:作者] 2019-11-27 00:00:00 互联网
题文
句型转换。
1. What's up? (同义句转换) What's ________ ________ you? 2. What's the time? (同义句转换) ________ _________is it? 3. That's Miss Li's ring. (就划线部分提问) ________ ________ is that? 4. I'd like to work in a hospital. (变一般疑问句) ________ _________ _________ _________ work in a hospital? 5. It's time to have breakfast. (同义句转换) It's time _________ ________.
题型:句型转换 难度:中档
答案
1. wrong with 2. What time 3. Whose ring 4. Would you like to 5. for breakfast
二.容易混淆的名词 1.work/job ① work是不可数名词,有体力或脑力劳动的意思,又有作为职业概念的“工作”的意思。 ② job作为“工作”解,其实有两层含义:一个是“干活”的“活”或“零工”;一个作为职业的“事”,是可数名词。 job意思是a piece of work,指已做或要做、应做的具体的某种工作,实际含义是“职业”, 而work通常指抽象意义上的工作,是不可数名词,也可指“工作场所”。如: I’m busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.
2. wish / hope ① wish之后可以跟含有动词不定式的复合宾语(wish sb. to do sth.),而hope不可以这样用。例如: I wish you to be happy.我希望你快乐。 ② hope和wish都可以跟从句。hope之后的从句的谓语动词用一般将来时或一般现在时,所表达的愿望可以实现; wish之后的从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气(以后学),表达的愿望无法实现。例如: I hope you like the flowers.我希望你喜欢这些花。 I wish I were a bird.我希望我是一只小鸟。(虚拟语气) ③hope和wish都可以跟动词不定式(hope/wish to do sth.)。wish比较正式,口气比较强烈; 而用hope所表达的愿望容易实现。例如: I hope (wish) to go to college.我希望上大学。 ④wish可接双宾语表示“祝愿、祝福”等,但hope却没有这种用法。例如: I wish you success.我祝愿你成功。
3.silly/stupid/foolish 三个词都含有“蠢”的意思,但略有不同。 stupid所表达的程度最强,指智力、理解力和学习能力差; silly指头脑简单、傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有一定的感情色彩; foolish是普通用语,尤其是在口语中广泛使用。如: He is stupid in learning math. 他学数学很笨。 Stop asking such silly questions. 别再问这样傻的问题了。 You are foolish to throw away such a good chance. 你真蠢,丢掉这么好的一个机会。<?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
4.instead/instead of
instead/instead of
instead是副词,一般放在句首或句末。 而instead of 是介词短语,表示“代替”时, 含有“对比”的意思,其后常跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。如:
Jack didn’t study law. Instead, he decided to become an actor.
杰克没有学法律,而是决定作一名演员。
If you can’t go to the meeting, I can go instead.
如果你不去开会, 我可以(代替你)去。
Could I have tuna instead of ham?
我能否要金枪鱼而不是火腿?
Miss Wang is ill. I’ll teach you instead of her.
王老师病了,我代替她给你们上课。
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.
我们走着下楼梯而没有乘电梯。
5.frightened/afraid/terrible
frightened/afraid/terrible
① frightened是由过去分词转化的形容词,常指突如其来的震惊,可用very修饰,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
The old man smiled before he replied to my question.
老人在回答我的问题前笑了笑。
I cannot answer you now. 我现在不能回答你。
How shall I answer? 我该怎样回答?
值得注意的是,answer可引申为“应答”之类的意义,这时不能用reply来代替。如:
answer the door (门铃响了)去开门
answer the telephone 接电话
名词的语法功能: 名词在句中作主语,宾语,介词宾语,宾语补足语,表语以及名词短语作状语。 1.主语:The bagis in the desk.书包在桌子里边。 2.宾语:I washed my clothes yesterday. 昨天我洗了我的衣服。 3.表语:This is a good book. 这是一本好书。 4.宾语补足语We selected him our monitor.我们选他为我们的班长。 5.介词宾语Mary lives with her parents.玛丽和她的父母住在一起。 6.定语:She is a Partymember. 她是一位党员。
英语名词特殊用法: 1.family指“家庭”时,强调全体;指“家里人”时强调个体,与住房无关 home指“家”,表示同一家庭共同生活的地方,具有感情色彩 Kate has left home for school.可作副词也可作名词,意思是“在家” house指“住宅”、“住房”The Greens live in a big house.
2.man总称“人”、“人类”,用单数 people泛指“人们”,表示复数概念:People often work in the day. 指“人”的个体,但只表示复数概念:There are five people in my family. 前面加定冠词指“人民”,表示复数概念:Let’s work for the people. 指“民族”时,有单、复数之分:The Chinese people is a hardworking people. person强调“人”的个体,有单、复数之分:There are five persons in my family.
3.police总称“警察”,表示复数概念: policeman强调“警察”的个体,有单、复数之分:My father is a policeman.
4.universe指“宇宙万物”,强调物质概念: When we talk about the universe,we mean the earth, the sun,the moon and many other stars. space指“太空”、“宇宙空间”,强调空间概念: Many countries have sent up the satellites into space. “空间”、“余地”、“空地”:There is no space on the bus.
5.不同国家的人的单复数:
名称
总称(谓语用复数)
一个人
两个人
中国人
the Chinese
a Chinese
two Chinese
瑞士人
the Swiss
a Swiss
two Swiss
澳大利亚人
the Australians
an Australian
two Australians
俄国人
the Russians
a Russian
two Russians
意大利人
the Italians
an Italian
two Italians
希腊人
the Greek
a Greek
two Greeks
法国人
the French
a Frenchman
two Frenchmen
印度人
the Indians
an Indian
two Indians
加拿大人
the Canadians
a Canadian
two Canadians
德国人
the Germans
a German
two Germans
英国人
the English
an Englishman
two Englishmen
瑞典人
the Swedish
a Swede
two Swedes
日本人
the Japanese
a Japanese
two Japanese
美国人
the Americans
a American
two Americans
考点名称:疑问代词
疑问代词: 疑问代词在句中起名词的作用,用来构成疑问句。常用的疑问代词有: what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有词性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。 what, which, whose还可作限定词。 Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的? What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的? What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国? 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个: 指 人: who, whom, whose 指 物: what 既可指人又可指物: which
疑问代词说明: 一、无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如: Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘? What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘?
二、Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如: Who(m) did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语) Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首) To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词 后,不能用who取代。)
三、疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句未,例如: For what do most people live and work?大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体) What are you looking for?你在找什么?(现代英语)
四、疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如: I can't make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。 Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed? 你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗? Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you. 你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。
疑问代词用法: 1. 疑问代词有who, whom, whose, which和what, 都是用来构成疑问句的: Who is calling? 谁打电话来? Whom do you want to speak to? 你想找谁接电话? 作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom,在口语中用who作宾语时也不少: Who did you mean? 你指的是谁? Who are you talking about? 你们在讲谁? 直接跟在介词后时只能用whom: With whom did you come? 你和谁一道来的? (口语中说“Who did you come with?时更多一些。)
2. 其他三个疑问代词可用作: 1)主语: What’s your address? 你的地址怎样写? Whose is better? 谁的好一些? Which of these is yours? 哪一本是你的? 2)宾语: What do you mean? 你是什么意思? Which do you like better? 哪一个你更喜欢一些? Whose have you chosen? 你选了谁的? 3)表语: What’s her name? 她叫什么名字? Whose is it? 这是谁的? 4)定语(这样用时有些字典标作形容词): What time does the train leave? 这列火车什么时候离开? Which room shall we stay in? 我们住哪间房? Whose passport is this? 这是谁的护照?
介词at, in, on的区别: 1. 表示时间,注意以下用法: (1) 表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用 at。如: I get up at six in the morning. 我早上六点钟起床。 He got married at the age of 25. 他 25 岁结婚。 (2) 泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间,一般用 in。如: We watch TV in the evening. 我们晚上看电视。 He went to Japan in 1946. 他于 1946 去了日本。 (3) 若表示星期几或某一特定的日期,则用 on。如: He left here on the fifth of May. 他于 5 月 5 日离开这儿。
2. 表示地点、场所、位置等,注意以下用法: (1) 表示某一点位置,用 at。如: We live at No 87 Beijing Road. 我们住在北京路 87 号。 The hospital is at the end of the street. 医院在这条街的尽头。 与名词所有格连用表示地点,也用 at。如: at my sister’s 在我姐姐家 at the doctor’s 在医务室 (2) 表示空间或范围,用 in。如: What’s in the box? 这盒子里有什么? He lives in Paris with his wife. 他同他妻子住在巴黎。 但有时两者可换用。如: The meeting was held at [in] the hotel. 会议在宾馆举行。 (3) at 与 in 的另一个区别是:at 用于指较小的地方,而 in 用于指较大的地方。如: in Shanghai 在上海 at the station 在车站 但是,大与小是相对的,有时随着说话者的着眼点不同,大地方也可能用 at(比如把一个大地方看作一个点时)。如: Our plane refuelled at London. 我们的飞机在伦敦加油。 We stopped for an hour at Moscow on our way to Paris. 我们在去巴黎的途中在莫斯科停了 1 个小时。 (4) 介词 on 用于地点,主要指在某物的表面。如: What’s on the table? 桌上有什么? There’s a wallet lying on the ground. 地上有个钱包。 注:在少数搭配中,也用介词 on。如: He works on a farm. 他在农场工作。
3. 在某些搭配中,三者的区别与英国英语和美国英语有关: in the street (英) / on the street (美) 在街上 in the road (英) / on the road (美) 在路上 in the team (英) / on the team (美) 在这个队 at the weekend (英) / on the weekend (美) 在周末 at weekends (英) / on weekends (美) 在周末 4. 有时三者的差别与搭配习惯和用法有关: in bed / on the bed 在床上 in the tree (多指树外之物) / on the tree (多指树本身之物) 在树上
介词besides,but,except的用法区别: 1. 三者都可表示“除外”,但 besides 表示一种累加关系,意指“除了什么之外,还有……”; 而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系,意指“除了什么之外,不再有……”。如: Besides his wife,his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外,他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。 Nobody went to see him except [but] his wife. 除他妻子外,没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。 注:在否定句中,besides 也表示“除……之外不再有…… ”,与but, except 同义。如: No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外,没一个人通过考试。
2. 关于 but 与 except: (1) 两者都可表示“除……外不再有……”,但含义上略有差别: but侧重指意义的几乎完整性,而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分。比较: All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。 All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。 (2) 在现代英语中,but 的介词用法十分有限,一般说来,它只能用在下列词语之后: ① no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等 ② any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等 ③ every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等 ④ all, none 等 ⑤ who, what, where 等 Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。 I haven’t told anybody but you. 除你之外,我没告诉任何人。 No one but he [him] showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。 一般说来,若没有出现上述词汇,就不宜使用介词 but,否则可能造成错句。但是 except 却没有以上限制。比较: 正:The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外,这扇窗户从不打开。 误:The window is never opened but in summer. (3) but 一定不能用于句首,except 通常不用于句首: 除我之外每个人都累了。 正:Everyone is tired but (except) me. 正:Everyone but (except) me is tired. 误:But (Except) me, everyone is tired. 注:except for 可用于句首,表示 except 的意思: 正:Except for me, everyone is tired.
3. 关于 except 与 except for: except 主要用来谈论同类的东西,而 except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西,有时含有惋惜之意。如: All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外,其他的作文都写得很好。 His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错,只是有几处拼写错误。 注:若用于句首,则 except for 与 except 同义(但 except 通常不用于句首)。
4. 关于 except for 与 but for: except for 主要表示排除,but for 主要表示一种虚拟条件(与虚拟语气连用)。如: Except for me, everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外,大家都通过了考试。 But for my help, she would not have passed the exam. 若不是我的帮助,她就不会通过考试。 But for the atmosphere plants would die. 如果没有大气,植物就会死亡。 5. besides 除用作介词外,还用作副词,其意为“此外”、“而且”,可用于分句句首(通常用逗号隔开)或句尾。如: I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired. 我不想去,而且我也太累了。 This car belongs to Smith, and he has two others besides. 这部车是史密斯的,此外他还有两部。
固定搭配: 英语中的固定搭配主要是指英语中的习惯用法,如有固定用法的一些动词短语、介词短语、名词词组及形容词词组。 例如: take part in (参加) by accident (偶然地) lucky dog (幸运儿) be interested in (对…感兴趣)
初中英语常见固定搭配: (一)加-ing enjoy / like doing sth 喜欢做---- spend....(in) doing sth 在做---花费--- try doing 试着做------ be busy doing sth 忙于做------ finish doing sth 完成做---- look forward to + doing sth 期待做----(现在进行时) be doing 正在做--- Thank you for (doing) sth 为了--感谢你
(二)加-to decide to do sth 决定去做----- ask (sb)to do 要求(某人)去做---- It’s+adj +to do sth . 做---(怎么样) would like / want to do 想要做----- It takes sb sometime to do sth在做----花费----
(三)加原形 let / make sb do sth 让某人做某事 be going to / will do sth (一般将来时态)
(四)加-to 或-ing意思不同 forget doing 忘记做过了-----(已做) forget to do 忘记去做------(还没做) remember doing记得做过了-----(已做) remember to do记得去做------(还没做)
(五)加-to 或-ing意思相同 begin / start to do sth = begin / start doing sth开始做------
(六) A)动词+ 介词 agree with同意....的意见(想法);符合 help ... with ...帮助(某人)做(某事) listen to听... ..get to到达.... fall off (从......)掉下base on以....(为)根据 knock at /on敲(门、窗) laugh at嘲笑 learn.. from 向...学习 live on继续存在;靠...生活 look after照顾,照看look at看;观看 look for寻找 look like看起来像 pay for (sth.)付钱;支付 point at指示;指向 point to指向....prefer to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢 quarrel with (和某人)吵架 regard...as ...把....当作....;当作 stop...from阻止.....做..... talk about说话;谈话;谈论 talk with与......交谈think about考虑 think of认为;想起 B)动词+ 副词 ask for请求;询问 carry on坚持下去;继续下去 cut down砍倒 clean up清除;收拾干净 come down下来;落 come along来;随同 come in进来 come on来吧;跟着来;赶快 come over过来;顺便来访 come out出来;出现;(花)开;发(芽) drop off放下(某物);下车 eat up吃光;吃完 fall behind落在......后面;输给别人 fall down跌倒;从......落下 find out查出(真相) get back回来;取回 get down下来;落下;把......取下来 get off下来;从......下来get on上(车) get up起床 give up放弃go on继续 go out出去 go over过一遍;仔细检查 grow up长大;成长 hand in交上来 hurry up赶快 hold on (口语)等一等;(打电话时)不挂断 look out留神;注意 look over (仔细)检查 look up向上看;抬头看 pass on传递;转移到.... pick up拾起;捡起 put away放好;把....收起来 put on穿上;戴上;(戏剧等)上演;放(唱片等 put down把(某物)放下来 put up挂起;举起 run away流失;逃跑;逃走 rush out冲出去 set off出发;动身; 启程send up发射;把......往上送 shut down把......关上 sit down坐下 slow down减缓;减速 take off脱掉(衣服) take out取出 throw about乱丢;抛撒 trip over (被......)绊倒 try on试穿(衣服、鞋等);试戴(帽子等) try out试验;尝试 turn down关小;调低 turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等 turn off关(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等) turn over (使)翻过来 wake up醒来 wear out把......穿旧;磨坏 work out算出;制订出 write down写下.... C) be + 形容词+ 介词 be angry with对(某人)发脾气 be interested in对......感兴趣 be able to能;会 be afraid of害怕 be amazed at对......感到惊讶 be excited about对......感到兴奋 be filled with用......充满 be full of充满......的 be good at =do well in在....方面做得好;善于 be late for迟到 be made in在......生产或制造 be made of由....组成;由.... be pleased with对......感到满意 be proud of以......自豪/高兴 be used for用于 D)动词+ 名词/ 代词 beg one′s pardon请原谅;对不起 do morning exercises做早操 do one′s homework做作业 enjoy oneself =have a good time过得快乐;玩得愉快 give a concert开音乐会 go boating去划船 go fishing去钓鱼go hiking去徒步旅行 go skating去滑冰 go shopping (去)买东西 have a cold (患)感冒 have a cough (患)咳嗽 have a headache (患)头痛 have a try尝试;努力 have a look看一看 have a rest休息 have a seat (= take a seat ) 就坐;坐下 have sports进行体育活动 have supper吃晚餐 hear of听说 hold a sports meeting举行运动会 make a decision作出决定 make a mistake犯错误 make a noise吵闹 make faces做鬼脸 make friends交朋友 make money赚钱 take one′s place坐某人的座位;代替某人的职务 teach oneself (=learn by oneself ) 自学 watch TV看电视 take photos照相 take time花费(时间) take turns轮流 E)动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词 catch up with赶上 come up with找到;提出(答案、解决办法等) get on well with与......相处融洽 give birth to生(孩子) help yourself / yourselves to自取;随便吃 make room for给.....腾出地方 play a joke on戏弄人;对人恶作剧 speak highly of称赞 say good bye to告别;告辞 take an active part in积极参加 take care of照顾;照料;注意 F)其他类型 be awake醒着的 be born出生 be busy doing忙着做 come true实现 do one′s best尽最大努力 fall asleep睡觉;入睡 go home回家 go on doing (sth.)继续做某事;尽力 get married结婚 get together相聚 go straight along 沿着...一直往前走 had better (do)最好(做...) keep doing sth.一直做某事 make sure确保;确认;查明 make up one′s mind下决心
考点名称:疑问词组
疑问词组: 即使由疑问词和一些词一起构成的表示疑问的词组。由how/what与另外一个词组成的词组。 例如: how many (后接可数名词,多少), how much (后接不可数名词,多少), how often (表示频率), what if (如果…将会怎么样), what about (…怎么样), what time (几点)
与how搭配的疑问词组: How在英语中通常用作副词,是特殊疑问句中本领最大的疑问词。他与其它形容词或副词搭配组成疑问词组 1.How old问年龄、年代。 How old is your friend? 你朋友多大了? How old is the bridge? 这座桥有多少年代了? 2.How many问可数名词数量。常将可数名词复数紧随其后。如: How many pictures are there on the wall? 墙上有多少幅画? How many glasses of milk would you like? 你们想要几杯牛奶? 3.How much询问不可数名词的数量、物品的价格。 How much money is there in the purse? 钱包里有多少钱? How much are the apples at the moment? 目前苹果什么价钱? 4.How long提问物体的长度、时间的长短。 How long is the Changjia River? 长江有多长? How long does it take you to do your homework every day? 你每天花多长时间做作业? 5.How soon 对 “in+一段时间 ”提问, 表示“多久之后”。 How soon will you be back? 你多久后回来? 6.How often对表示频率的副词或短语提问。 How often does Mrs. Green go shopping? 格林夫人多久去购一次物? 7.How about用来征求对方意见。 Your father is a worker, how about your mother? 你父亲是工人,你母亲呢? How about playing games after school this afternoon? 下午放学后做游戏怎么样? 8.How far 问两地间的距离How tall问人(树)的高度;how heavy问重量;how wide问宽;how high可以询问建筑物、山峰高度。 How far is it from the earth to the moon? 从地球到月球有多远? How tall is Yao Ming? 姚明身高多少? How heavy is that big box? 那只大箱子有多重? How wide is the new street? 这条新街有多宽? How high is the tower in Paris? 巴黎的那座塔有多高?
与what搭配的疑问词组:
疑问词
意思
用法
例句
what
什么
用来问是什么,叫什么,做什么等
1. What’s your name? 你叫什么名字? 2.What’s your father? 你爸爸是干什么的? 3.what is in your box? 你的盒子里是什么?
what time
什么时间
用来问时间
1.What time is it? 几点了? 2.What time is it now? 现在几点了?
what colour
什么颜色
用来问颜色
1.waht colour is your bag? 你的书包是什么颜色? 2.what colour is your book? 你的书本是什么颜色?
what about
怎么样
用来征求意见或询问感受等, 大多用于承接上面的同样问题
1.what bout this pair of shoes?这双鞋子怎么样? 2.what about you? 你呢? 3.what about your dad? 你爸爸呢?
what day
星期几
用来问星期几
1.what day is it today? 今天星期几? 2. what day was yesterday? 昨天星期几?
what date
什么日期
问具体的日期
1.What’s the date today? 今天是几号? 2. what date is tomorrow? 明天是几号?