Mike enjoys _____. [ ]A. to play the football B. playing the football C. to play football D. playing football -七年级英语
[db:作者] 2019-11-27 00:00:00 零零社区
题文
Mike enjoys _____.
[ ]
A. to play the football B. playing the football C. to play football D. playing football
题型:单选题 难度:偏易
答案
D
据专家权威分析,试题“Mike enjoys _____. [ ]A. to play the football B. playing ..”主要考查你对 零冠词,动名词 等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
零冠词动名词
考点名称:零冠词
零冠词: 是指名词前面没有不定冠词(a、an)、定冠词(the),也没有其他限定词的现象。零冠词也是冠词的一种。 例如: This is my book. Bread is made from flour. Let's go and play basketball. He is head of the factory. 注意:有些名词前用the,或不用the,其意义有所不同。例如: go to school 上学 go to the school 到学校去 in future 今后,将来 in the future 将来
零冠词的用法: 1.表示抽象概括意义时,不可数名词和复数名词使用零冠词,例如: (/)Books are my best friends.书是我的好朋友。 (/)Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来柔软。 (/)Water boils at 100℃.水在摄氏100度沸腾。 比较:The water in this river is undrinkable.这条河的水不可饮用。
2.专有名词通常使用零冠词,例如: (/)Lu Xun is a great Chinese writer.鲁迅是一位伟大的中国作家。 (/)London is the capital of England.伦敦是英国的首都。 (/)China is a developing socialist country.中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家。 (注意:组合国名或缩写国名前加定冠词,如:the United States 美国;the U.K 英国)
3.按照习惯下列各类名词使用零冠词: 1)季节、月份、星期以及节假日(中国传统节日除外,详细请查阅“定冠词”)等名词前,例: (/)Summer begins in June in this part of the country.这个地区夏天从六月份开始。 We have no classes on(/) Sunday.星期日我们不上课。 There are a lot of (/)people shopping at (/)Christmas.在圣诞节有很多人购买东西。 2)三餐饭菜的名词,例: have (/)supper 吃晚饭 come to (/)dinner 去吃饭 3)语言、运动、游戏等名词,例: She speaks (/)Chinese.她说汉语。 He plays (/)football.他踢足球。 Let’s have a game of (/)chess.咱俩下盘棋吧。 4)在某些意义有改变的名词前要使用零冠词,例: He has gone to (/)school.(to learn)他去上学了。 They were in (/)church just now.(to worship)现在他们在做礼拜。 同样, in hospital是“住院(治疗)”,in prison是“服刑”,等等。 注意:如果在这类名词前加冠词,则表示去那里干与之无关的事,例: go to the school 可理解为去学校看望人,而不是“学习”。
4.在表示职位、头衔、身份等名词前,例: (/)Professor Wang 王教授 (/)Doctor Tompson 汤普生医生 (/)President Lincoln 林肯总统 (/)Dean of the English Department 英语系主任
5.泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词(泛指的复数名词非零冠词): They are teachers. 他们是教师。 当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词; I can't write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。
6.当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词,例: by bus,by train;
7.有些个体名词不用冠词,如: (/)school,(/)college,(/)prison,(/)market,(/)hospital,(/)bed,(/)table,(/)class,(/)town,(/)church,(/)court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的不同含义: go to hospital 去医院看病 ; go to the hospital去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的) in bed 生病卧床 ; in the bed 在床上 in table 就餐 ; in the table\tables 在桌旁
8.不用冠词的序数词: a. 序数词前有物主代词 b. 序数词作副词: He came (/)first in the race. c. 在固定词组中: at (/或the) first,first of all, from first to last 注:三餐饭前带有形容词修饰时,应加冠词: have a quick breakfast . 当球类指具体事物时,应加冠词: where is the football ?
9.某些中国乐器前面不加冠词,例如: play (/)erhu;play (/)dizi ( 弹古筝 play the zither 吹笛子 play the flute)
10.有些物质名词和抽象名词前永远用零冠词,即使有形容词,也用零冠词。常见的有: (/)weather,(/)progress,(/)fun,(/)advise,(/)news,(/)information,(/)luck,(/)furniture,(/)wealth,(/)honesty 等。 另外,man 表示“人类”和word 表示:“音讯时一般不加冠词,如: It is well known that (/)man has a very close relationship with (/)environment。众所周知,人类与环境关系非常密切。
11.在表示颜色和语言的名词前用零冠词,例: She is in(/)red 她穿红色衣服(=She is in a red dress)
12.特殊动词后用零冠词,如: He turns(/)a father. (/)Student as he is. 注:为了区分不加冠词和加零冠词的两种情况,本帖特别使用表示零冠词的“(/)”符号表示零冠词。
零冠词使用口诀及注释: 下列情况免冠词,代词限定名词前, 专有名词不可数,科球类三餐饭, 复数名词表泛指,两季星期月份前, 颜色语种和国名,称呼习语和头衔 注释: 1.下列情况免冠词,代词限定名词前, 代词限定词放在名词的前面时,名词不加冠词 例:my book; any book 2.专有名词不可数,科球类三餐饭, 1)不可数名词,专有名词通常不加冠词。 例:Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母 2)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词,如have breakfast,play chess。 3.复数名词表泛指,两季星期月份前, 例:We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。 4.颜色语种和国名,称呼习语和头衔 1)颜色语种和国名如 in black; in English; in Canada 2)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词。 例:The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。
习惯用零冠词的固定短语: 一、介词+零冠词+名词 at present beyond hope of by chance by day by hand by rule face to face from beginning hand in hand in battle in danger of in defence of in fact in fear in hopes of in issue in place of in spit of in time on account of on business on earth on credit on foot on hand out of date side by side with credit 二、动词+零冠词+名词 cast anchor catch fire change gear get fun give battle give way lose heart make way send word set sail 三、动词+零冠词+名词+介词 catch sight of do duty for find fault with make use of set fire to take hold of take exception to take part in take care of
动名词的结构和形式: 动名词的否定结构: 动名词的否定结构由not 动名词组成。如: Trying without success is better than not trying at all. 实验没有成功也比不实验好。 He hated himself for not having work hard. 他悔恨自己没有用功。 I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before. 很抱歉,没有早给你打电话。 He felt sorry for not having done the work well. 他为没有把工作做好感到难过。 I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going. 我看不去对你倒好了。 (not going 是动名词一般式的否定形式) There is no denying the fact that he si diligent. (no denying 也是动名词一般式的否定)
动名词复合结构: 通常情况下,动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语。如果动名词动作的发出者不失谓语动的主语时,则需要有自己的逻辑主语物主代词或名词所有格加动名词就构成了动名词的复合结构,这种结构在句中可以作主语,宾语等。 (1)逻辑主语是有生命的名词作主语时,必须用名词或代词所有格,作宾语时(尤其在口语中),也可用名词普通个或人称代词宾格。如: Do you think my going there will be of any help? 你看我去会有什么帮助吗?(宾语) The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French. 这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。(主语) Do you mind my(me) smoking ? 你介意我抽烟吗?(宾语) They insist on Mary’s (Mary) going with them there. 他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。(介词宾语) (2)逻辑主语是无生命名词是,通常只用名词普通格。如: Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof? 你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗? Is there any hope of our team winning the match ? 我们对赢得比赛有希望吗? (3) 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this that , somebody , someone , nobody, none, anybody, anyone 时,只用普通格。如: She was woken up by somebody shouting outside. 她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。
动名词的形式(一般式,完成式和被动式): (1) 动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如: We are very interested in collecting stamps. 我们对集邮很感兴趣。 His coming will be of great help to us . 他来对我们大有帮助。 但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词 after, on,upon, 或for之后,常用一般式代替完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。如: I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。 On hearing that bad news , the mother couldn’t help crying. 一听到这个糟糕的消息,母亲就禁不住哭了起来。 Excuse me for coming late. 我来晚了,请原谅。 Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。 (2) 动名词的完成式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。 He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他后悔没有参加这项工作。 We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。 (3)动名词的被动式:当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时,用被动语态。如: I like being given harder work. 我喜欢接受难点的工作。 She is proud of being admitted into the university. 她为被大学录取而感到自豪。 The meeting was put off without his having been consulted. 会议延期并未和他商量。 He doesn’t mind having been criticized. 他不介意过去受到的批评。
动名词与现在分词的关系: 动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。 这两种形式的另一个相同之处是: 它们都是由动词变化而成的,它们都保留了动词的某些特征,它们都能带自己的宾语、状语,而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。 例如: Speaking in the public,he will surely be very cheerful . (现在分词短语,作状语)他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。 She hates speaking in the public. (动名词短语,作宾语)她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。
动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是: ①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如: My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换) ②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如: The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story. 2.动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于: 动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。试比较: ①a swimming boy和a swimming suit 前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”,即a boy who is swimming,现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作; 而后者的意思是“游泳衣”,即a suit for swimming,动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。 ②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car 前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”,即a child who is sleeping,现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态; 而后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”,即 a car which is used for sleeping,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途。
动名词的用法: 一、动名词作主语 1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如: Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2. 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如: It is no use telling him not to worry. 常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。 注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。 3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如: There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。 4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如: No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). (禁止吸烟) No parking. (禁止停车) 5. 动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构 (这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。 动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如: Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
二、动名词作宾语 1.作动词的宾语 某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有: admit, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走,说个不停。 I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。 Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。 2.作介词的宾语 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。 Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活? 3.作形容词的宾语 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。
三、动名词作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。 表语、动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。 (Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
四、动名词作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如: a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping