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改错题。1. What are these? These are apples. 2. Mum, they are my friends, Jim and Mary.3. — Your picture is very good. — No, it's not good.4. They are -七年级英语

[db:作者]  2019-11-29 00:00:00  零零社区

题文

改错题。
1. What are these? These are apples.                                                        
2. Mum, they are my friends, Jim and Mary.                                             
3. — Your picture is very good. — No, it's not good.                                 
4. They are woman teachers.                                                                   
5. Are they your uncle?                                                                            
题型:改错题  难度:中档

答案

1. These are apples. 改为They are apples。
2. 将they改为these。
3. 将No, it's not good. 改为Thank you。
4. 将woman改为women。
5. 将uncle改为uncles。

据专家权威分析,试题“改错题。1. What are these? These are apples. 2. Mum, the..”主要考查你对  人称代词,日常用语、谚语,可数名词(单数名词,复数名词),指示代词,特殊疑问句  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:

人称代词日常用语、谚语可数名词(单数名词,复数名词)指示代词特殊疑问句

考点名称:人称代词

  • 人称代词:
    人称代词是用来表示人的代词,有单数和复数之分,有主格和宾格之分。人称代词的主格在句中作主语;人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语,也可作动词或介词的宾语。  
    主格:I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主语
    宾格:me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作宾语
    He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一个班级。
    Can you see them in the street? 你能看见他们在街上吗?

  • 人称代词在句中的作用:
    1)主格作主语。如:
    I am Chinese.我是中国人。
    2)宾格作宾语,放在及物动词或介词之后,有时还可以在口语中用作表语。如:
    ①I don't know her.我不认识她。(动词宾语)
    ②What's wrong with it?它怎么了?(介词宾语)
    ③-Open the door,please.
    3)作表语
    作表语一般用主格, 但在口语中也常用宾格
    I saw at once it was her.我一下子看到了她。
    It's me.请开门,是我。(表语)
    4)作同位语
    作同位语是用宾格
    We ,us ,there,will be able to fulfill the task.我们三人就能完成这项任务。

  • 主宾格的替换:
    一、宾格代替主格
    a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not后,多用宾语。
      ---- I like English. --我喜欢英语。
      ---- Me too. --我也喜欢。
      ---- Have more wine? --再来点酒喝吗?
      ---- Not me. --我可不要了。
    b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格。
      He is taller than I/me.
      He is taller than I am.

    二、主格代替宾格
    a.在介词but,except后,有时可用主格代替宾格。
    b.在电话用语中常用主格。
      ---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。
      ---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。
    注意:在动词be或to be后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。
      I thought it was she. 我以为是她。 (主格----主格)
      I thought it to be her. (宾格----宾格)
      I was taken to be she. 我被当成了她。 (主格----主格)
    They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)

  • 人称代词用法:
    一、人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语,往往用在动词或介词后面。
    例:1.Listen to me,Dad.
    2.Peter is sitting behind me.
    3.Let me got here now.
    4.Give me an orange,please.

    二、you既是"你"或"你们"的主格,又是它们的宾格;her既是"她"的所有格,又是它的宾格。我们可以根据它们在句子中的位置来判断它们属于主格、所有格还是宾格。

    三、and是一个我们常用来连接两个词的连接词。它虽然与介词with有同样的意思,但它的前后可以是人称代词的主语,也可以是人称代词的宾格,而with只能跟人称代词的宾格。
    如:You and I are going to school.
      You are going to school with me.

    四、第三人称代词单数:er,sie,es 及 复数 sie 可指代人或物以及其它抽象概念等。此时,它们的性,数,格要与被指代的名词一致。

    人称代词用法口诀:

    人称代词分主/宾,只有八对要区分。
    你(们)、它主/宾同一形,其余主/宾须分清。
    谓语之前主格填,动/介之后宾格跟,
    口语运用最灵活,表语也可用宾格。
    人称代词并列现,注意顺序礼貌见,
    二一、三一、二三一,第一人称最谦虚,
    若把错误责任担,第一人称须当先。
    动前主格动后宾,名前形容介后宾;
    如果名词含在内,选用名物代就行。

    人称代词并列用法的排列顺序:
    1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:
    第二人称→第三人称→第一人称
    即:you and I;he/she/itandI;you,he/she/it and I
    2)复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:
    第一人称→第二人称→第三人称
    即:we and you;you and they;we,you and they

  • 人称代词的变格形式

    人称

    单数

    复数

    主格

    宾格

    主格

    宾格

    第一人称

    I

    me

    we

    us

    第二人称

    you

    you

    you

    you

    第三人称

    he
    she
    it

    him
    her
    it

    they 

    them

  • 人称代词的形式:
    在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es  
    一、人称代词he,she,it是第三人称单数。如: 
    He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 
    She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 
    It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。 

    二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如: 
    ①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 
    ②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 
    ③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 

    三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: 
    ①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 
    ②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 
    ③That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。 ④The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。 

    四、不定代词someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something等及指示代词this,that作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: 
    ①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 
    ②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 
    ③This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。 
    ④That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。 

    五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如: 
    ①The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 
    ②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 

    六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如: 
    ①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。 
    ②"I" is a letter. "I"是个字母。

考点名称:日常用语、谚语

  • 日常用语:
    就是日常生活中的交际用语,如Thank you. Sorry.等
    谚语:
    即是人们生活中常用的现成的话。
    谚语类似成语,但口语性强,通俗易懂,而且一般都表达一个完整的意思,形式上差不多都是一两个短句。
    例如:Helaughsbestwholaughslast.谁笑到最后,谁就笑得最好。
                Nopains,nogains.没有付出,就没有收获。

  • 英语日常交际用语分类:
    打招呼与告别用语(Greeting and Saying Good-bye)
    1.-How are you ?       
    -I’m fine, thanks.
    2. -Nice to meet you.    
    -Nice to meet you, too.

    谈论颜色(Talking about colour)
    1. -What colour is  it?    
    -It’s red.
    2. -What’s you favourite colour, Jenny?      
    -My favourite colour is blue.
    3. -How many colours do you like?         
    -Three.

    谈论高度(Talking about height)
    1. -Are you short or tall?               
    -I’m short/tall.
    2. -How tall am I, Mr Wood?            
    -You’re 1.6 metres tall.

    看病用语(Seeing a doctor)
    1. -What’s the matter?                  
    -I cut my knee. It hurts.

    就餐用语(Having meals)
    1. -Would you like some dumpling?            
    -No, thanks./ Yes please.
    2. I’d like porridge for breakfast.        
    3. It’s /Thery’re delicious.
    4. What would you like for supper?
    5. -Are you ready to order?                    
    -Yes, please. I’d like…….

    谈论天气(Talking about weather)
    1 -How is the weather today?/ What’s the weather like today?
    -It’ sunny rainy snowy windy.
    2. -Is it snowy?                      
    - No , it’s hot today.
    3. -what’s the temperature?             
    - It’s 0 degrees.
    4. -Is it rainy?                         
    -Yes, it’s rainy.
    5 It’s warm and windy in spring.
    6. -How’s the weather today, Steven?        
    -It’s cold and snowy.
    7.-What’s the temperature outside, Kim?      
    -It’s minus fifteen degress.
    8.What’s the temperature today? Is it warm or hot?
    9.It’s very cold\ hot today, isn’t it?
    10. It ‘s a cold day!
    11. what a cold day!               
    12. It’s getting warmer.

    谈论时间和日期(Talking about time and date)
    1. -What time is it?/What’s the time?      
    -It’s 7:00 a quarter to seven ten past seven.
    2. -What day is it?                          
    -It’s Tuesday.
    3. -What’s the date?                         
    -It’s October 30.

    谈论年龄(Talking about age)
    1. -How old are you? What’s your age?         
    - I’m fourteen years old.
    2. She is very young.

    谈论购物(Talking about shopping )
    1.-May I help you ?/What can I do for you?   
    -I would like/want to buy a pencil, please.
    2. -How much is this are they?               
    -Three yuan.
    3. I’ll take it.                  
    4. Here’s your change.
    5. What colour kind would you like?    
    6. What about this one?
    7.I’m looking for a birthday present for my friend.
    8.Do you have any other sizes/ kinds?

    谈论距离(Talking about distance)
    1. How far is it from China to Canada?           
    It’s about 8,500 kilometres.
    2. Beijing is far from our city.
    3. -How far is Beijing from here?      
    -It’s about 7,000 kilometres miles away.

    请求允许(Asking for permission)
    1. May I have some donuts, please?
    2. -May I have some grapes?    
    -Sorry. We don’t have any grapes. But we have some pears.
    3. -what would you like, Mom?     
    -I would like a bowl of noodles.

    指路(Showing the way)
    -Excuse me. Does the hotel have a computer?
    -Yes! I can show you. Go straight down this hall. Here it is!

    道别用语(Saying good-bye)
    -Okay. See you later!                
    -See you later!

    表扬与鼓励(Praise and encouragement)
    1.The gift is wonderful!           
    2. You can do it.
    3.These chopsticks are beautiful!    
    4.Beijing is great!
    5.Very good!                    
    6. Good work!
    7.Well done! / Wonderful! /Excellent!   
    8.You speak English very well!
    9.Keep trying!               
    10.You dress is beautiful!
    11.Come on!

    谈论节日和季节(Talking about festivals and seasons)
    1. -What’s your favourtite festival /season?            
    - My favourite festival is Children’s Day.
    _My favourite seasons is fall are spring and winter.
    2. I like Teachers’ Day.
    3.I like winter because I like to ski and skate.    
    4.Spring in China is usually warm.
    5. There’re four seasons in a year.

  • 初中常用谚语:
    He is not fit to command others that cannot command himself.正人先正己。

    He knows most who speaks least.大智若愚。

    He who does not advance loses ground.逆水行舟,不进则退。

    If you make yourself an ass, don't complain if people ride you.人善被人欺,马善被人骑。

    If you want knowledge, you must toil for it.要想求知,就得吃苦。

    Industry is the parent of success.勤奋是成功之母。

    It is better to die when life is a disgrace.宁为玉碎,不为瓦全。

    It is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open.创业容易守业难。

    It is hard to please all.众口难调。

    It is never too old to learn.活到老,学到老。

    It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。

    It is the first step that costs troublesome.万事开头难。

    It is the unforeseen that always happens.天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福。

    It is too late to grieve when the chance is past.坐失良机,后悔已迟。

    It never rains but it pours.不鸣则已,一鸣惊人。
    It takes three generations to make a gentleman.十年树木,百年树人。

    Jack of all trades and master of none.门门精通,样样稀松。

    Judge not from appearances.人不可貌相,海不可斗量。

    Justice has long arms.天网恢恢,疏而不漏。

    Keep good men company and you shall be of the number.近朱者赤,近墨者黑。

    Kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕。

    Kings go mad, and the people suffer for it.君王发狂,百姓遭殃。

    Kings have long arms.普天之下,莫非王土。

    Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。

    Knowledge makes humble, ignorance makes proud.博学使人谦逊,无知使人骄傲。

  • 初中英语作文常用的谚语:
    1.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
    2.God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。
    3.Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。
    4.Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
    5.One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘,谬之千里。
    6.Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。
    7.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit. 吃一堑,长一智。
    8.Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。
    9.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。
    10.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰,徒有其表。
    11.More hasty,less speed. 欲速则不达。
    12.Its never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。
    13.All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。
    14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。
    15.Look before you leap. 三思而后行。
    16.Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。
    17.Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。
    18.well begun,half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。
    19.It is hard to please all. 众口难调。
    20.Out of sight,out of mind. 眼不见,心不念。
    21.Facts speak plainer than words. 事实胜于雄辩。
    22.Call back white and white back. 颠倒黑白。
    23.First things first. 凡事有轻重缓急。
    24.Ill news travels fast. 坏事传千里。
    25.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
    26.live not to eat,but eat to live. 活着不是为了吃饭,吃饭为了活着。
    27.Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。
    28.East or west,home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。
    29.Its not the gay coat that makes the gentleman. 君子在德不在衣。
    30.Beauty will buy no beef. 漂亮不能当饭吃。
    31.Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。
    32.The older, the wiser. 姜是老的辣。
    33.Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。
    34.An idle youth,a needy age. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
    35.As the tree,so the fruit. 种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。
    36.To live is to learn,to learnistobetterlive.活着为了学习,学习为了更好的活着。
    37. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
    38. Nothing is too difficult in the world if you set your mind into it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。
    39. Every coin has two sides. 每枚硬币都有两面;凡事皆有好坏。
    40. Don‘t troubles trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。
    41. No pains,no gains. 不劳无获

考点名称:可数名词(单数名词,复数名词)

  • 可数名词:
    是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;
    因此它有复数形式,当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时,句子的谓语也应用复数形式。

  • 名词单数变复数的规则:
    情况 构成方法 例词 读音
    一般情况 在词尾加-s desk→desks
    map→maps
    -s在清辅音后发/s/
    day→days
    girl→girls
    -s在元音和浊辅音后发/z/
    以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词 在词尾加-es bus→buses box→boxes watch→watches fish→fishes -es发/iz/音
    以辅音字母加-y结尾的词 变y为i再加-es family→families
    factory→factories
    party→patries
    -ies发/iz/音
    以元音字母加-y结尾的词 在词尾加-s day→days
    boy→boys
    key→keys
    -s发/z/音
    以f或fe结尾的词 变f或fe为v再加-es knife→knives
    life→lives
    wife→wives
    half→halves
    -ves发/vz/音
    以辅音字母加-o结尾的词 在词尾加-es potato→potatoes
    tomato→tomatoes
    hero→heroes
    -es发/z/音
    以元音字母加-o结尾的词 在词尾加-s radio→radios
    zoo→zoos
    -s发/z/音
    巧记以f\fe结尾的可数名词复数
    妻子骑牛拿起刀,wife,calf,knife ↑
    追得贼狼满街跑,thief,wolf →→→变f或fe为v,再加es
    碰倒架子丧己命,shelf,self,life ↓
    手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief,leaf,half ↓

  • 名词复数的不规则变化:
    1.不规则形式:
    child→children(儿童)
    man→men(男人)
    woman→women (女人)
    an Englishman→two Englishmen(英国人)
    foot→feet(脚)
    tooth→teeth(牙)
    mouse→mice(老鼠)
    ox →oxen(公牛)
    goose→geese(鹅)

    2.单复同形:
    deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese, species,means,Swiss
    除人民币,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。
    如:a dollar,two dollars; a meter,twometers

    3.集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数:
    people police cattle是复数
    (OK :a person,a policeman,ahead of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss )
    (Error:a people,a police,a cattle )
    表示国民总称时,作复数用。
    (The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。)

    4.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词
    maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
    news是不可数名词。

    5.表示由两部分构成的东西,
    glasses(眼镜) trousers (长裤) clothes(衣服)
    若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双)a pair of glasses  two pairs of trousers suit(套)

    6.另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思
    goods (货物) waters (水域) fishes (各种鱼)

  • 可数名词变复数的几种形式: 
    1) 单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.   
    2) 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.  
    3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies.   
    4) 以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs,proofs, chiefs.  
    5) 以o结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.  其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos.   
    6) 不规则名词:foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→men, woman→women, mouse→mice.
    7) 单复数同形的名词:sheep,fish,dee.
    注意:fish表示种类时,也用fishes这样的形式。

考点名称:指示代词

  • 指示代词:
    是表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词,即用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。
    指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样,都具有指定的含义,用来起指示作用,或用来代替前面已提到过的名词。
    常用的指示代词有this,that,these,those等。
    this(复数形式是these),是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较近的人或物。
    that(复数形式是those),是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。

  • 指示代词句法功能:
    指示代词在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。
    1、作主语
    This is the way to do it.这事儿就该这样做。
    2、作宾语
    I like this better than that.我喜欢这个甚至那个。
    3、作介词宾语
    I don't say no to that. 我并未拒绝那个。
    There is no fear of that.那并不可怕。
    4、 作表语
    My point is this.我的观点就是如此。
    5、作定语
    This room is mine. 这间房间是我的。

  • 指示代词使用注意事项:
    1
    、指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人,例如:<?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

    ()That is my teacher.那是我的老师。( that作主语,指人)

    ()He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)

    ()He is going to marry this.this作宾语时不能指人)

    ()I bought this.我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语)


    2
    Thatthose可作定语从句的先行词,但this these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,试比较:

    () He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。

    () He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)

    () He admired that who danced well.that作宾语时不能指人)

    () He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人。(those指人)

    () He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指物)


    3
    、在回答指示代词作主语的特殊问句时,如果指示代词指人,其回答中的主语仍可以用相应的指示代词,也可以用it或者they;但指事物时,只能用it或者they 例如:

    Who’s that? That’s/It’s Liu Dehua.那是谁?那是刘德华。

    What are those? They are basketballs. 那些是什么?那些是篮球。


    4
    、在回答指示代词作主语的一般疑问句时,不管指示代词指人还是指物,答语中都用itthey。例如:

    Is this a ruler? Yes, it is.

    Are those your friends? No, they aren’t.


    5
    、为避免重复,有时可用 that those 来代替前面已提到过的人或事物;用 this these 来代替下文中将要提过的人或事物。例如:

    She’s very friendly, and that is why we all love her. 她很友善,这就是我们都喜欢她的原因。

    You needn’t do this — It’s pretty easy. 你不必做这事,那相当容易。


    6
    、向别人介绍某个人时,要说“ This is ….”,而不说“ That is ….”,也不能说“ He is ….”“ She is ….”
    介绍两个人时,先用“ This is ….”介绍一个人,然后用“ That is ….”介绍另一个人。如:

    This is Li Ming. Li Ming this is Wei Hua. 这是李明。李明,这是魏华。

    This is my brother and that is my sister. 这是我哥哥,那是我妹妹。


    7
    onethat it的区别:

    one表示泛指,thatit 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而it 与所指名词为同一个。

    I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)

    我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。

    The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同类但不同个)

    你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。

    I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.( 同一物)

    我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。

  • 指示代词的用法;
    1、this和these指在时间或空间上较近的人或者事物,that和those指在时间或空间上较远的人或者事物。例如:
    This is a pen and that’s an eraser. 这是一支笔,那是块橡皮擦。
    This is a boy and those are girls. 这是个男孩,那些是女孩。

    2、指示代词所指的对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语境。如:
    I liked this movie today better than that concert last night.
    我喜欢今天的这个电影,胜过昨晚的那个音乐会。

    3、指示代词具有名词和形容词性质,既可指人也可指物。但是在相当于名词时一般指物多于指人。如:
    I found this wallet. I found this.
    我找到了这只皮夹子。我找到了这个。(this 等于 this wallet)
    Is she going to marry that man?
    她打算跟那人结婚吗?(that man不得用that代替,否则有轻蔑之意)

    4、相当于名词的指示代词在句中作主语时,则指物指人均可。如:
    What are these? 那些是什么?(指物)
    This is Bill. Is that George? 我是比尔。你是乔治吗?(电话用语)(指人)

    5、打电话过程中,介绍自己时通常用this指代“我”,不用代词I;
    询问对方时用that指代“你”,不用代词you。例如:
    ----Hello. This is Mary. Who’s that? 喂,我是玛丽。你是谁?
    ----This is Tom. 我是汤姆。

    6、当指示代词所指的事物已确定时,后面的指示代词则用it或they代替。如:
    This (suit) is expensive, isn't it? 这套衣服昂贵,不是吗?
    "Are those yours?" "Yes, they are." “那些是你的吗?”“是的,它们是我的。”

  • 指示代词:

     指代

    单数 

    复数 

     近指

     this

    these 

     远指

     that

    those 

  • 知识拓展:
    a. 指示代词所指的事物第二次提到时,通常要用it或they.
    例:----What is this? 这是什么?
    ----It is a bird. 是鸟。 ----Is that your cap? 那是你的帽子吗?
    ----No, it isn't. 不是。

    b. this, that, those和 these加名词构成一些常用短语,作时间状语,指现在或过去。
    例:this morning 今天早晨
    this spring 今年春天
    that morning 那天早晨
    that spring 那年春天
    these days 这些天
    to this day 至今
    in these days 这些日子里 this evening 今天晚上
    this winter 今年冬天
    that evening (/night) 那天晚上
    that winter 那年冬天
    these years 这些年
    this time 这一次(这个时候)
    in those years 那些年月里

考点名称:特殊疑问句

  • 特殊疑问句:
    以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。
    常用的疑问词有:what、who、whose、which、when、where、how、why等。
    特殊疑问句的基本结构是“疑问词+一般疑问句”。
    其回答应当是具体的。特殊疑问句句末一般用降调。 
    例如:How do I get there? 
                Why not? 
                What about the sports news?

  • 常用疑问词可先分为3种:
    疑问代词:
    what(什么)
    who(谁,作主语)
    which(哪个,在一定范围内选择)
    whose(谁的,指附属关系)
    whom(谁,作宾语)

    疑问副词:
    when(何时,询问时间)
    where(何地,询问地点)
    why(为什么,询问原因)
    how(如何,询问手段,方式,工具以及程度)

    疑问形容词:
    what(which,whose)+名词
    例词:
    what time(什么时候) what colour(什么颜色)... ...
    how much(多少) how long(多长)...

  • 特殊疑问句的特点:
    一、 特殊的疑问词:
    特殊疑问句要由疑问代词或疑问副词开头,询问的内容不同, 使用的疑问词也不同。
    我们学过的疑问词有what(询问事物), how much(询问价格), what time (询问时间,尤其是点钟), what kind of(询问种类), why(询问原因),who(询问人), where(询问地点) 等等。如:
    —What is this? 这是什么?
    —It's a key. 这是一把钥匙。
    —How much is it? 这个多少钱?
    —It's twenty dollars. 二十美元。
    —What kind of movies do you like? 你喜欢哪一类型的电影?
    —I like action movies. 我喜欢动作片。

    二、特殊的语序:
    特殊疑问句由疑问词开头,其构成是“疑问词 + 一般疑问句”。如:
    What time is it? 现在几点钟?
    Who is your teacher? 谁是你的老师?
    特殊疑问句有两种语序:
    1.如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序:
    Who is singing in the room﹖
    whose bike is broken﹖
    2.如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:
    特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语)
    What does she like?
    What class are you in﹖
    Where are you from﹖
    What time does he get up every morning﹖
    How do you know﹖
     
    三、特殊的答语:
    特殊疑问句不能用yes, no来回答,而应根据它所询问的内容直接做出回答才行。如:
    — What time is it, please? 请问几点了?
    — It's 7:30. 七点半了。
    — Where are they? 他们在哪儿?
    —They're in the playground. 他们在操场上。
    —What's your favorite subject? 你最喜爱的科目是什么?
    —English. 英语。

    四、 特殊的语调:
    一般情况下,特殊疑问句要用降调(↘)来读。如:
    Who's ↘that?
    How old is↘Jack?



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