1. She is cleaning the room now. (对划线部分提问) _____ _____ she _____ now? 2. It's sunny today. (对划线部分提问) _____ the weather today? 3. Tom went to the library last Sunday. (改为一般疑问句) _____ Tom _____ to the library last Sunday? 4. I'd like beef and mutton noodles. (对划线部分提问) _____ _____ _____ noodles would you like? 5. You can't play soccer in the hallways. (改为祈使句) _____ _____ soccer in the hallways.
题型:句型转换 难度:中档
答案
1. What is; doing 2. How's 3. Did; go 4. What kind of 5. Don't play
疑问代词: 疑问代词在句中起名词的作用,用来构成疑问句。常用的疑问代词有: what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有词性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。 what, which, whose还可作限定词。 Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的? What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的? What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国? 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个: 指 人: who, whom, whose 指 物: what 既可指人又可指物: which
疑问代词说明: 一、无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如: Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘? What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘?
二、Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如: Who(m) did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语) Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首) To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词 后,不能用who取代。)
三、疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句未,例如: For what do most people live and work?大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体) What are you looking for?你在找什么?(现代英语)
四、疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如: I can't make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。 Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed? 你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗? Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you. 你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。
疑问代词用法: 1. 疑问代词有who, whom, whose, which和what, 都是用来构成疑问句的: Who is calling? 谁打电话来? Whom do you want to speak to? 你想找谁接电话? 作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom,在口语中用who作宾语时也不少: Who did you mean? 你指的是谁? Who are you talking about? 你们在讲谁? 直接跟在介词后时只能用whom: With whom did you come? 你和谁一道来的? (口语中说“Who did you come with?时更多一些。)
2. 其他三个疑问代词可用作: 1)主语: What’s your address? 你的地址怎样写? Whose is better? 谁的好一些? Which of these is yours? 哪一本是你的? 2)宾语: What do you mean? 你是什么意思? Which do you like better? 哪一个你更喜欢一些? Whose have you chosen? 你选了谁的? 3)表语: What’s her name? 她叫什么名字? Whose is it? 这是谁的? 4)定语(这样用时有些字典标作形容词): What time does the train leave? 这列火车什么时候离开? Which room shall we stay in? 我们住哪间房? Whose passport is this? 这是谁的护照?
2.疑问副词用在句首。 How long have you been staying in America? 你在美国待多久了?
3.疑问副词在句中引导名词子句。 I want to know where she has gone. 我想知道她去哪里了。
4.疑问副词后接不定词构成的名词片语,在句中可以作主词、受词或主词补语。 How to solve the problem gives him a bad headache. 如何解决这个问题使他伤透脑筋。 (How to solve the problem作主词。) I don't know how to answer the question. 我不知道如何回答这个问题。 (how to answer the question作受词。) The patient is in urgent need the medicine, but the problem is where to get it. 这个病人急需这种药,但问题是哪里能找到。 (where to get it作主词补语。)
5.疑问副词引导的名词子句可作主词、受词或主词补语。 When we are to start the competition hasn't fixed yet. 我们什么时候开始比赛还没有定下来。 (When we are to start the competition作主词。) She asked her husband where he had been. 她问她丈夫去哪里了。 (where he had been 作受词。) The question is when we can finish our work. 问题是我们何时能完成我们的工作。 (when we can finish our work作主词补语。)
疑问代词与疑问副词的区别: 1. 疑问代词做对陈述句的主语,宾语或定语提问,即做句子的主语,宾语或定语,如what, who/ whom, whose. eg. Who is talking ? What can you see? Whose shirt is this? 2.疑问副词对时间,地点,方式等状语提问,如when, where, how 等. eg. When is your birthday? Where are you going? How do you know? 常见的疑问代词:what who which whom(只做宾语) 疑问副词:how where when 还有whether是疑问连接词。
考点名称:祈使句
祈使句: 表示请求或命令的句子是祈使句。祈使句一般用降调,为使祈使句听起来比较婉转,可用低声调,祈使句句末用句号或感叹号。 每种类型又有肯定形式和 祈使句的组成 ①动词原形+其他 ②Please+动词原形+其他 ③否定形式:don‘t+动词原形,用don’t否定时,只能用其缩略形式。 例如: Welcome to Beijing Park. Walk about three blocks. Don’t mention it.
2. 表命令 Put up your hands. 举手。 Fill in this form. 把这个表填好。
3. 表建议 Let’s have dinner together. 我们共进晚餐吧。
4. 表邀请 Come in and have a seat. 进来请坐。 Help yourself to some fruits. 请吃水果。
5. 表警告 Hurry up or you will be late.抓紧点,不然你要迟到了。 Do that again and you”ll be in trouble.要是再干那事,你会有麻烦的。
6. 表禁止 Don’t touch the exhibits.不要触摸展品。 Don’t play on the road.不要在马路上玩耍。
7. 表叮嘱 Be sure to get there before nine. 务必在九点前赶到那里。 Take care not to catch cold. 小心别着凉了。
8. 表号召 Workers of all countries, unite! 全世界工人阶级联合起来!
9. 表祝愿 Have a good trip. 祝你旅途愉快。
祈使句有三种类型: 一、含第二人称主语的祈使句 1. 当祈使的对象是第二人称you时称为含第二人称主语的祈使句。 这时,主语you通常不出现在句中,谓语动词用原形。 有时在句首或句末加please,还可加上称呼语,用逗号与句子主体隔开。如: Please be quiet, boys! 孩子们,请安静! Come this way, please. 请走这边。 如要加强语气,可在动词前加do。如: Do keep away from the fire! 切记远离火种! 2. 否定式在谓语动词前加Don’t或Do not,强调否定式则在动词前加Never。如: Don’t alway make the same mistake. 不要老犯同一个错误。 Never be late again. 千万别再迟到了。 3. 有时,为了强调指明向谁提出要求或发出命令,或表达说话人的急躁、厌烦、不满、恼怒的情绪,就用主语you表示,且放在动词前。如: You come here! 你到这里来! You mind your head! 小心别碰到头了! 若为否定式,则把Don’t放在主语you之前。如: Don’t you come here! 你别来这里!
二、含第一、第三人称主语的祈使句 1. 含第一或第三人称主语的祈使句通常以Let开头, 第一人称由“Let + me / us +动词原形”构成, 第三人称由“Let + 第三人称代词(用宾格)或名词+动词原形”构成。 这类祈使句往往用于提出建议。如: Let me have a try if you don’t want to. 如果你不想,就让我试一试吧。 Let’s spend this weekend in the country. 咱们到乡下去度这个周末吧。 Let him be here by ten o’clock. 叫他10点到这里吧。 有时也可以先称呼对方的名字,,后跟一句无人称主语的祈使句。如: Jane, sit down please. 简,请坐下。 Mum, remember to bring me an umbrella. 妈妈,记得给我带把伞。 2. 这类祈使句的否定式是在动词原形前加not,也可以在let前加Don’t。如: Let’s not wast our time about it. 我们不要为了这件事而浪费时间。 Don’t let us wait here. 别让我们在这儿等。 Don’t let him go out. 别让他出去。
三、无动词祈使句 在请求、命令和口号中,常用无动词祈使句,它实际上是省略了动词,从而使语句更简洁或有力。如: Just a minute, please! 请稍等! This way, please! 请这边走! Attention! 立正! Up the stairs! 上楼! To the playground, everyone of you! 到操场上去,你们每个人都得去! 在一些指示牌上,常用“No +动名词/名词”构成简略式的否定祈使句。如: No smoking! 禁止抽烟! No parking! 禁止停车! No photos! 禁止拍照! 还有一些是祝词类的无动词祈使句,如: May you succeed!祝你成功! Long live our friendship!我们的友谊万岁!
对特定的人使用的祈使句: 祈使句如Wait here! (在这儿等着!) 可以是对一个人说,也可以是对几个人说,其主语暗含you。 但我们却可以用下列方式引起我们说话的对象的注意: ■You+祈使语气动词 You wait here for a moment. 你在这儿等一会儿。 语调和重音很重要。在上面这一句里,如果不重读you,那么句子的意思是this is where you wait (这就是你应等着的地方); 如果重读you,那么句子的意思就是this is what I want you to do (这是我要你做的事)。 此外,重读you时还可以表示愤怒、敌意或不客气。如: You mind your own business! 不关你什么事 You try teaching 40 noisy children five days a week! 你来试试每周5天教40个吵闹的孩子! 在否定句中Don’t要重读 (不重读you)。如: Don’t you speak to me like that! 你别这样跟我讲话!
■“you+人名”或“人名+you” You wait here, Jim, and Mary, you wait there. 你等在这儿,吉姆;玛丽,你等在那儿。
■“祈使语气+人名”或“人名+祈使语气”: Drink up your milk, Sally! 把你的牛奶喝光,萨利! Sally, drink up your milk! 萨利,把你的牛奶喝光!
■对一群人讲话时,祈使语气可与everybody, someone之类的词连用: Everyone keep quiet! 大家安静! Keep still everybody! 每个人都保持不动! Nobody say a word! 都不许说话! Somebody answer the phone please. 请来个人接电话。
■在表示否定的命令语气后面可用带any的复合词 Don’t say a word anybody! 谁都不要说话! Don’t anybody say a word! 任何人都不许说话!
考点名称:一般疑问句
一般疑问句: 是疑问句的一种。通常用yes,no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。口语中若无特殊含义,句末用升调。 其结构是:系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分? 通常回答为: 肯定:Yes+主语+提问的助动词 否定:No+主语+提问的助动词+not 例如: Are you from Japan? Yes, I am./No, I'm not. Do you live near your school? Yes, I do./No, I don't. Can you speak French? Yes, I can./No, I can't.
一般疑问句的特性: 1.将陈述句变为一般疑问句时,如句中有be 动词(am/ is/ are)时,可直接将它们提至主语前。 如主语为第一人称,应将其改为第二人称。如: I'm in Class 2Grade 1. →Are you in Class 2Grade 1﹖ We're watching TV. →Are you watching TV﹖ 2.陈述句中有情态动词(can、may、must …)时,也可直接将它们提至主语前,即可成为一般疑问句。如: He can swim now. →Can he swim now﹖ The children may come with us. → May the children come with us﹖ 3.陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时,变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does主语后的实义动词用原形。如: I like these animals. →Do you like these animals﹖ She wants to go to the movies. → Does she want to go to the movies﹖ 4.一般疑问句一般读升调(↑) 5.一般疑问句有时不用yes或 no 回答。如: Are they in town now﹖ I think so. May I sit here﹖ Certainly. Does he like soccer﹖ Sorry I don't know. 6. 一般疑问句的第一单词总是虚词,读的时候要读轻声。
陈述句变为一般疑问句技巧: 根据一般疑问句不同的家族,可以用不同的方法将陈述句变为相应的一般疑问句。 1、第一家族:含be动词或情态动词的句子 秘诀:一调二改三问号 一调:即把句中的be或情态动词调到主语前; 二改:改换主语称谓,即将句中的主语I\my \mines\we\our\ours等。第一人称分别改为相应的第二人称you\your\ yours等; 三问号:句末的句号改为问号。如: Eg. I am an English teacher. → Are you an English teacher? Eg. We can speak English fluently. → Can you speak English fluently?
2、第二家族:含行为动词(或称为实义动词)的句子 秘诀:一加二改三问号 一加:即在句首加助动词Do或Does; 二改:1、把谓语动词改为原形;2、改换主语称谓(同第一家组); 三问号:句末的句号改为问号。 Eg. We read English every morning. → Do you read English every morning? Eg. Tom’s father listens to English on the radio every evening. →Does Tom’s father listen to English on the radio every evening? 特别注意:对于第二家族一定要注意动词的还原,因为时态与数的变化已经体现在助动词上了。