句型转换。1. The students are playing basketball.(对划线部分提问)_____ are the students _____?2. Jack wants to be a reporter because he thinks it's interesti-七年级英语
[db:作者] 2019-12-11 00:00:00 零零社区
题文
句型转换。
1. The students are playing basketball.(对划线部分提问) _____ are the students _____? 2. Jack wants to be a reporter because he thinks it's interesting.(对划线部分提问) _____ _____ Jack want to be a reporter? 3. Does your brother play computer games every day? (用now改写成现在进行时) _____ your brother _____ computer games now? 4. How is the weather in Harbin? (改为同义句) _____ the weather _____ in Harbin? 5. Next to the hotel is a small house. It has an interesting garden. (合并为一句) There _____ a small house _____ an interesting garden next to the hotel.
题型:句型转换 难度:中档
答案
1. What; doing 2. Why does 3. Is; playing 4. What's; like 5. is; with
据专家权威分析,试题“句型转换。1. The students are playing basketball.(对划线部分..”主要考查你对 疑问代词,疑问副词,现在进行时,主谓一致 等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
疑问代词疑问副词现在进行时主谓一致
考点名称:疑问代词
疑问代词: 疑问代词在句中起名词的作用,用来构成疑问句。常用的疑问代词有: what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有词性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。 what, which, whose还可作限定词。 Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的? What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的? What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国? 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个: 指 人: who, whom, whose 指 物: what 既可指人又可指物: which
疑问代词说明: 一、无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如: Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘? What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘?
二、Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如: Who(m) did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语) Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首) To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词 后,不能用who取代。)
三、疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句未,例如: For what do most people live and work?大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体) What are you looking for?你在找什么?(现代英语)
四、疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如: I can't make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。 Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed? 你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗? Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you. 你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。
疑问代词用法: 1. 疑问代词有who, whom, whose, which和what, 都是用来构成疑问句的: Who is calling? 谁打电话来? Whom do you want to speak to? 你想找谁接电话? 作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom,在口语中用who作宾语时也不少: Who did you mean? 你指的是谁? Who are you talking about? 你们在讲谁? 直接跟在介词后时只能用whom: With whom did you come? 你和谁一道来的? (口语中说“Who did you come with?时更多一些。)
2. 其他三个疑问代词可用作: 1)主语: What’s your address? 你的地址怎样写? Whose is better? 谁的好一些? Which of these is yours? 哪一本是你的? 2)宾语: What do you mean? 你是什么意思? Which do you like better? 哪一个你更喜欢一些? Whose have you chosen? 你选了谁的? 3)表语: What’s her name? 她叫什么名字? Whose is it? 这是谁的? 4)定语(这样用时有些字典标作形容词): What time does the train leave? 这列火车什么时候离开? Which room shall we stay in? 我们住哪间房? Whose passport is this? 这是谁的护照?
2.疑问副词用在句首。 How long have you been staying in America? 你在美国待多久了?
3.疑问副词在句中引导名词子句。 I want to know where she has gone. 我想知道她去哪里了。
4.疑问副词后接不定词构成的名词片语,在句中可以作主词、受词或主词补语。 How to solve the problem gives him a bad headache. 如何解决这个问题使他伤透脑筋。 (How to solve the problem作主词。) I don't know how to answer the question. 我不知道如何回答这个问题。 (how to answer the question作受词。) The patient is in urgent need the medicine, but the problem is where to get it. 这个病人急需这种药,但问题是哪里能找到。 (where to get it作主词补语。)
5.疑问副词引导的名词子句可作主词、受词或主词补语。 When we are to start the competition hasn't fixed yet. 我们什么时候开始比赛还没有定下来。 (When we are to start the competition作主词。) She asked her husband where he had been. 她问她丈夫去哪里了。 (where he had been 作受词。) The question is when we can finish our work. 问题是我们何时能完成我们的工作。 (when we can finish our work作主词补语。)
疑问代词与疑问副词的区别: 1. 疑问代词做对陈述句的主语,宾语或定语提问,即做句子的主语,宾语或定语,如what, who/ whom, whose. eg. Who is talking ? What can you see? Whose shirt is this? 2.疑问副词对时间,地点,方式等状语提问,如when, where, how 等. eg. When is your birthday? Where are you going? How do you know? 常见的疑问代词:what who which whom(只做宾语) 疑问副词:how where when 还有whether是疑问连接词。
考点名称:现在进行时
现在进行时: 表示现在或当前一段时间正在进行的动作。可以表示有计划的未来,也就是用现在进行时表示将来。 现在进行时的构成是: 主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式 例如:He is writing on the desk.
现在进行时与一般现在时的区别: (一)现在进行时表示动作的暂时性,而一般现在时表示动作的习惯性和经常性 I am watching TV now. (暂时性) I watch TV every day. (经常性) (二)现在进行时可表示短暂性动作,而一般现在时表示长久性动作。 Lucy is living in Beijing.(短时间居住) Lucy lives in Beijing. (长久性居住) (三)现在进行时表示的动作可带有感情色彩,而一般现在时所表述的动作通常是事实。 You’re always forgetting the most important things. (责备) He is always helping others. (赞扬) He often helps others. (事实) (四)有些动词不能用进行时,know, understand, love, like, hate, wish, want, think, hope, have, believe, agree, hear, see, notice,等等。 这些动词通常用一般现在时表示说话时发生的动作。 I have a lot of friends here. She wants to buy a new bike.
现在进行时用法注意: 1.进行时中,并不是所有的动词都要使用正在进行时。 例如一些表示状态和感觉的动词,一般不用进行时态,而是用现在一般时表示。 这些动词往往是等表示情感状态、知觉认识、愿望或短暂性的动词。 例如:see(明白),know, want, like, hear, have(有), think, hope, hate等。 I hear someone singing. 我正听见有人唱歌。 Do you see anyone over there? 你看到那里有什么人吗? What does he think of it? 他觉得这怎么样? 如果这些词使用正在进行时态,句子带有某种感情色彩。例如: Are you seeing someone off? 你在给谁送行吗? They are hearing an English talk. 他们在听一个英语报告。
2.现在进行时还有另外一种含义,即它们能表达即将发生的事情,相当于一般将来时。 有些动词从结构来看是现在进行时,但却是表示将要发生的事,而不表示动作现在正在进行。 这些动词往往是一些表示位置移动变化的动词:arrive, come, do, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, return, see, spend, start, stay, wear, work等。 We are leaving on Friday。我们星期五出发。 Are you going anywhere tomorrow?你明天准备去哪儿? A foreign guest is giving a lecture this afternoon。今天下午一个外国客人将给我们作报告。 Are you staying here till next week? 你打算在这里呆到下个星期吗? 在表示将来的情况下,特别是be going to do sth. 这种结构,已经没有多少“去”的意思了,几乎就是用来表达“将要、打算”做什么事情。例如: It is going to be rather cold tomorrow。明天很可能非常冷。 She is not going to speak at the meeting。她不打算在那个会上发言。
3.当其与always、forever、continually、constantly 等副词连用时表示重复的动作,而这种动作可能使人不满,厌倦或满意。例如: ①She is perpetually interfering in my affairs.她老是干预我的事。 (不满) ②The students are making progress constantly.学生们在不断进步。 (满意)
4.在时间、条件状语从句中,有时可用现在进行时代替一般将来时。 When you are passing my way,please drop in. 你什么时候路过我家,请进来坐。
现在进行时的用法: A表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 例:We are waiting for you. B. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作,说话时未必正在进行。 例:Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。) 例:She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C.已经确定或安排好的但不确定会不会发生的将来活动。 I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(我下周要去尼泊尔旅行) We're flying to Paris tomorrow.(我们明天乘飞机去巴黎)现在进行时的应用 D .些非持续性动词的进行时可以表示动作即将进行或发生,或表示动作的重复。 例如:He is joining the army. E.当现在进行时中有always, forever, constantly, continually修饰时,表示说话人的 赞赏或厌烦的情绪。 例如:They are always helping us. 注意:表示状态、感觉、心理活动的静态动词时,一般不使用进行时态。 F.子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。如: They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。 G.ook, listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。如: Listen!She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。 H.当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有this week, these days等时间状语,这时常用现在进行时。如: We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。 I.图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如: Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
主谓一致原则: 1、语法上的一致 所谓语法一致原则,即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致。 谓语的单、复数形式依据主语的单、复数形式而定:主语为复数,谓语动词用复数;主语为单数或者是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。 China belongs to the Third World. 中国属于第三世界。 We are sure he will come. 我们肯定他会来。 使用语法一致的情况 (1)当主语是and,both…and连接的并列结构 如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物,则谓语动词用复数。 My mother and I have seen the film. 我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。 Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。 注意:由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each,every,no修饰时,其谓语动词用单数形式。 Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育。 No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 师生没有被邀请参加晚会。 (2)主语后面接说明主语的修饰语 主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如: with,along with,together with,as well as,like,rather than,but,except,besides,including,in addition to, 谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响,仍保持同主语一致的关系。 The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。 The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car. 这个姑娘和男孩子一道,也学会了开汽车。 A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.一个有5000册书的图书馆作为礼物赠送给了国家。 E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.电邮和电话在日常的通信中起着很重要的作用。 Nobody but Jane knows the secret.只有简知道这个秘密。 All but one were here just now. 刚才除了一个人外都来了。 (3)非谓语动词或从句作主语 非谓语动词 (动词的-ing形式、不定式)或从句作主语时,谓语一般用单数形式。 When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.什么时候在什么地方建新工厂还没定下来。 Checking information is very important. 核实事实是非常重要的。 To learn foreign languages is not easy. 学习外语并非易事。 When we will hold the meeting is not decided yet. 我们何时开会尚未决定。 注意:当what引导主语从句或由 and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。 What we need here is money.我们这里需要的是资金。 What we need here are workers.我们这里需要的是工人。 Lying and stealing are immoral.说谎与偷窃是不道德的。 (4)each和复合不定代词作主语 each和some/any/no//every十body/one/thing构成的复合不定代词: anyone、anybody、anything、everyone、everybody、everything、someone、somebody、something、no one、nobody、nothing、each、the other作主语,谓语动词用单数。 Each is worse than the one before. 一个比一个差。 Nobody knows the answer. 没有一个人知道这答案。 Someone wants to see you. 有人想见你。 Is there anything in the box?箱子里有什么东西吗? There is a lot of milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有很多奶。 (5)“many a +单数名词”作主语 “many a、(很多)/more than one(不只一个)+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Many a student has been to Beijing. 很多学生去过北京。 There is more than one answer to your question. 你的问题不只有一个答案。 (6)“one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the等限定词和修饰语 “one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the only,the very,the等限定词和修饰语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 Tom is the only one of those boys who is willing to help the old man. 汤姆是唯一的一个愿意帮助那个老人的男孩。 He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.他是这三年来唯一的一个获得奖学金的学生。 注意:如没有这些限定词和修饰语,定语从句的谓语动词采用复数形式。 Tom is one of the boys who are always ready to help others. 汤姆是个随时愿意帮助别人的男孩。 (7)由两个部分组成的物体名词作主语 英语中有些由两个部分组成的物体名称如g1asses(眼镜),scissors(剪刀),shorts(短裤),shoes(鞋子),trousers(裤子)等作主语,其后的谓语动词用复数形式。 His glasses were broken, so he can't see well. 他的眼镜碎了,因而看不清楚。 His trousers are made of cotton. 他的裤子是棉布的。 注意:若这类名词前带有pair等表示单位的名词时,则以这些名词的单、复数形式决定动词的形式。 Two pairs of trousers are missing. 两条裤子不见了。 This pair of shoes is not on sale. 这双鞋不出售。
2、意义上的一致 意义上的一致是指谓语动词与主语的一致取决于主语所表达的意义。若主语形式上为复数,而意义上是单数,动词要用单数; 若主语形式上为单数,而意义上为复数,则动词用复数。 The United States is in North America. 美国在北美洲。 The police are looking into the matter. 警察正在调查此事。 使意义上的一致的情况 (1)由and连接两个并列主语 其后的谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果两个单数名词指同一个人、同一事物、单一概念时,谓语动词要用单数,有时两个名词共用一个冠词。 The worker and writer has written a new novel. 这位工人兼作家写了一部新小说。(两个名词共用一个冠词) There is a journalist and writer living in America whose name is Alex Haley. 在美国有一个名叫亚利克斯?哈利的记者兼作家。 Truth and honesty is always the best policy. 真诚总是上策。 注意:用and连接起来的两个单数主语,谓语动词可以是单数,也可以是复数。 Three and five makes /make eight.三加五等于八。 Time and tide wait/waits for no man .岁月不等人。 (2)形复意单的名词作主语 ①复数形式的专有名词(表示国家、城市、机构、组织以及书籍、报纸、杂志等)做主语,通常作为整体看待,谓语动词用单数。 The United States is in North America.美国在北美洲。 The Arabian Nights is read all over the world.《天方夜谭》是流传世界各地的名著。 The New York Times has a wide circulation.《纽约时报》销路很广。 注意:表示山脉、群岛、瀑布等的专有名词和以复数形式出现的表示同姓的一家人或同名、同姓的若干人,谓语也用复数。 The Alps rise over 4 countries.阿尔卑斯山脉跨越了四国。 Niagara Falls are not as high as Victoria Falls.尼亚加拉瀑布没有维多利亚瀑布高。 The Smiths were also invited.史密斯一家人也受到了邀请。 There are 3 Marys and 2 Roberts in my class.我班有三个叫玛丽、两个叫罗伯特的学生。 ②以-ics结尾表示学科的名词做主语,通常表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式。这类名词有: physics, politics, mathematics, economics, athletics, electronics等。 Politics is now taught in all schools.现在各学校都开设政治课。 Economics is a science of the way in which industry and trade produce and use wealth.经济学是研究工业、贸易生财和用财之道。 注意:当这些动词表示有关方面的活动、情况、见解、原理等意思时,谓语动词需用复数形式。 What are his politics?他的政见如何? The economics of national growth are of the greatest importance to all modern governments.国家发展经济的原理对现代各国政府都重要。 ③news,maths,plastics,physics,works,means(方法),the United States等虽然以-s结尾,但意义上作为单数看待。 “News of victories keeps pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. 集团军司令说:” 随着我们军队的推进胜利的消息接踵而至。” Mathematics/Physics is a required subject for us. 数学/物理是我们必修的科目。 Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear. 所有可能的直至污染的方法都用了,但天空还是不晴朗的。 ④成对的名词做主语时用单数形式。 Bread and butter is a daily food in the West .面包抹黄油是西方人每天的食品。 His gratitude and devotion to the Party is endless.他无限感觉,无限忠于党。 ⑤“one and a half +复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用单数。 One and a half pears is left on the table .一只半梨剩在桌子上。 One and a half days is all I can spare.一天半是我所能挤出的全部时间。 注意:“one or two+复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数。 One or two days are enough to see the city.参观该市一两天就足够了。 There are one or two things I want to talk over with you .我有一两件事想跟你商量。 (3)有生命的集体名词作主语 有生命的集体名词 (如people,police,cattle,militia)作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。 Cattle are also kept. 还养了一些牛。 There are many people there. 那里有很多人。 The police are looking for the thief. 公安人员在搜寻那个小偷。 All the people of the world want peace.全世界人民都渴望和平。 注意:family,team,class,government,audience,crew,committee等集体名词,如果作整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式; 如果作个别成员看待,谓语动词用复数形式。people作“民族”解时,作单数用。 Zhang’s family is rather big, with twelve people in all.张家很大,一共12口人。 The family are sitting at the breakfast table. 这家人正坐在早餐桌旁。 My family is a large one. 我家是个大家庭。 The class are doing experiment in the lab. 全班同学正在实验室里做实验。 The class has won the honour. 这个班获得了荣誉。 The Chinese people is a great people.中华民族是一个伟大的民族。 (4) 名词化的形容词作主语 名词化的形容词作主语,按照意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。 如果指一类人,谓语动词用复数形式,如果指一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。 这类形容词有:old, young, rich, poor, blind, deaf, dead, sick等。 The rich are not always happy. 富人也有不开心的时候。 The wounded is a policeman. 受伤者是一名警察。 The beautiful is not always the same as the good. 漂亮的不一定就等于好。 (5) 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、度量、容量、温度等的复数名词做主语,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。 Twenty years has passed since we left school. 我们离开学校已经20年了。 Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money. 一万美元是一大笔钱。 Two months is quite a long time. 两个月时间是很长的。 Two hours is enough for us to do this experiment.我们做这个实验两个小时就够了。 Thirty kilometres is a good distance.30公里是一个相当远的距离。 注意:如果说话人侧重一个个的个体,谓语动词用复数形式。 Twenty years have passed since we parted.自从我们分手以后20年己经过去了。 (6)“a number of十复数可数名词”与“the number of十复数可数名词”作主语 “a number of十复数可数名词”表示 “一些、许多”的意思,谓语动词用复数; “the number of十复数可数名词”表示 “……的数目、数量”,谓语动词用单数。 The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 邀请来的人数是50,但很多人因不同的原因没来。 A number of books are missing from the library. 图书馆丢了许多书。 The number of workers in this factory is increasing. 这家工厂的工人数目正在增加。 (7)none of和neither of后跟复数名词或复数代词作主语 none of和neither of后跟复数名词或复数代词时,有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待,主要根据说话人的意思决定。 None of them has arrived yet at the settlement. 他们没有一个到达新住宅区。 None of them have arrived yet. 他们都还没到。 (8)“分数/百分数+of短语”作主语 “分数/百分数+of短语”作主语,这时要以of短语中的名词是否为复数而定。 Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.该地区五分之二的土地为树木和草所覆盖。 89% of smokers are male. 89%的吸烟者是男性。 In the USA, 75% of the grain is used to feed animals. 在美国,75%的谷物用来喂养动物。 Two-thirds of the earth's surface is sea. 地球表面的2/3是海洋。 Two-thirds of the people were against the plan. 2/3的人都反对核计划。 (9)表示部分概念或不定数量的名词或代词作主语 表示部分概念或不定数量的名词或代词作主语,谓语动词用单数还是复数,应根据后接名词的单、复数形式而定。 这些名间或代词有all,any,enough,half,more,most,the rest,part,some等。 The rest of the buildings are easy to get to. 其余的建筑物并不难上。 The rest of his life was happy. 他的晚年生活很幸福。 Most of my time was spent in reading. 我大部分时间用来读书。 Most of the people are aware of it. 大部分人都知道它。 Some of the sugar was spilled on the floor. 一些糖散落在地上。 Some of the apples were spilled on the floor. 一些苹果散落在地上。 (10)两个主语,一个肯定,一个否定,谓语动词与肯定主语相一致。 The parents, and not the son, were missing.失踪者不是儿子,而是他的双亲。
3、邻近原则 邻近原则是指谓语动词要与它最邻近的名词或代词保持人称与数的一致。 Neither he nor I am a student. 他和我都不是学生。 There is a pen , two chairs and a desk. 有一支钢笔,两把椅子和一张桌子。 这主要有以下几种情况。 (1)由or,either…or等连接的并列结构作主语 由or、either…or、nor、neither…nor、not only…but also、not…but连接的并列主语,通常按照就近一致原则,谓语动词的单、复数形式依照靠近它的主语而定。 Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.要么你要么校长在会议上对这些天才的学生颁奖。 Neither he nor I have finished the experiment. 他和我都没有做完试验。 Either his friends or his brother is wrong. 不是他的朋友们错了,就是他哥哥错了。 Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.不仅我而且简和玛丽都讨厌一个接一个的考试。 Not only the teacher but also his students have studied the question. 不仅老师而且他的学生们都研究了这个问题。 (2)在主谓倒装句时 在主谓倒装句中,主语并列,谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语相一致。由here或there引导的句子,若有并列主语,谓语也与最靠近的那个主语一致。 There is a desk, a table and three chairs in the room. 房间里有一张书桌、一张饭桌和3把椅子。 There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room. 房间里有3把椅子、一张书桌和一台电脑。 Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在时妻子和孩子呆在哪儿?
"表里不一"现象: 主谓一致中的"表里不一"现象 和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致,最基本的原则是:单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词.但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂,现在学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整理如下 1,"more than one +名词"作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如: More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花. 2,"many a +名词"作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数.例如: Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树. 3,"half of,the rest of,most of,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如: Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖. 4,all指人时,动词用复数;all指物时,动词用单数.例如: "All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了,一切进展顺利 5,what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数,相反,则用复数.例如: What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书. 6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each,every,no修饰,该名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.例如: No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔. 7,当主语后面有as well as,with,along with,together with,but,like,rather than,except,逗号加and连接几个名字等引导的短语时,谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如: My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京. 8,each作主语的同位语时,谓语动词由主语来决定,与each无关.例如: They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车. 9,动词不定式,动词-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如: Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯. 10,the following作主语时,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如: The following are good examples下面是一些好例子. 11,以-ics结尾的学科名词,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news,works,plastics等同属此类.例如: Politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各学校都开设政治课. 当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示"学科"以外的意义时,用作复数,如:mathematics(运算能力)politics(政治观点)economics(经济意义)等 12,有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数(trousers,glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等)作主语时,前面若有"一条","一副","一把"之类的单位词,动词用单数;若没有单位词或单位词是复数,则谓语动词用复数.例如: The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很合适. 还有一些以-s结尾的名词通常用复数:arms(武器).clothes.contents.minites(记录).remains(遗体).thanks等 13,"one and a half +名词"作主语时,谓语动词要用复数.例如: One and a half apples are left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果. 14,"One or two more +复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用复数.例如: One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙. 15,"one of+复数名词+ 定语从句"结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在"the only one of +复数名词+定语从句"的结构中,"the one of + 复数名词+定语从句"定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.例如: He is one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一. 16,表示时间,距离,金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词常用单数,但若强调数量,谓语动词可用复数.例如: One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱.
以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致: 英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或-es,但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数名词。 它们用法多样,造成了实际使用上的困难,以下详述了以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题。 (一)以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题 (二)以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题 (三)以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题 (四)以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题 (五)其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题 集合名词的主谓一致原则: 集合名词作主语时,主谓一致关系是一个较为复杂的问题.对此类问题我们可以从"数"的角度分为四类. 1)单数—复数型.凡是有复数词尾变化形式的集合名词都属于此类。如: a class—classes; a family—families; a government—governments; an army—armies; a people—peoples; a group—groups; a crowd—crowds; a crew—crews等。 这类集合名词强调的是整体性,即当作一个整体或多个整体来看待。属于这类集合名词的单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数; 复数形式作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 【例如】 A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning. 每个上午 一大群人经常聚集在广场上 The government has decided to pass the bill. 政府已决定通过这一法案 There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday. 星期天有大群大群的人在街上。 There are many English-speaking peoples in the world. 在世界上有许多讲英语的人 但应注意,这类集合名词的单数形式有时表示复数概念,所以这些集合名词的单数形式也可归为"单复同形型"中. 2)单数型.这类集合名词表示的是人或事物的整体,即把这类人或事物的全部包括在内,所以只有单数形式.如作主语,谓语动词常用单数。 这类名词常见的有:humanity,mankind,proletariat等. 【例如】The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of production and scientific experiment,mankind makes constant progress. 3)复数型.这类集合名词在形式和内容上是相互矛盾的,就是说它们只有单数形式,但表达的都是复数概念。它强调的是集体中的个体性.这类名词有:police,cattle,faculty,flock,machinery,vermin,personnel等.它们作主语时,谓语动词要用复数. 【例如】The police have caught the murder. Our personnel are very highly trained. The vermin are very dangerous. 4)单复同形型.这类集合名词的单数形式既可表示单数也可表示复数.作主语时,用单数动词或复数动词均可,有时意义区别不大. 【例如】The school teaching staff are (is) excellent. The public is (are) requested not to litter in the park. The teaching profession claim(s) to be badly paid. 这类集合名词常见的有:class,family,team,crew,board,herd,committee,party,jury,enemy,audience等. 根据说话人的心理意向若把这个集合名词所代表的人或事物看作一个整体,就认为是单数,用单数动词; 若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干个个体的话,就认为其为复数,用复数动词。 试比较:The football team is playing well. 那个足球队打得非常漂亮. The football team are shavings bath and are then coming back here for tea. 足球队员们正在洗澡,然后来这里吃茶点。 The family is a very happy one.那个家庭是一个非常幸福的家庭。 That family are very pleased about the news of William's success. 全家人对威廉的成功都感到很高兴。