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完成句子,使改写后的句子完整,并与原句意思相符,注意每空只填一个单词。1. The box is so heavy that I can't lift it. It is _______ _______ heavy box _______ I c-九年级英语

[db:作者]  2019-12-31 00:00:00  互联网

题文

完成句子,使改写后的句子完整,并与原句意思相符,注意每空只填一个单词。
1. The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.
     It is _______ _______ heavy box _______ I can't lift it.
2. How beautiful Zhanjiang is!
    _______ _______ _______ city Zhanjiang is!
3. The girl had to look after her grandmother when her parents were out.
    The girl had to _______ _______ _______ her grandmother when her parents were out.
4. They plant a lot of trees in our hometown every year.
    A lot of trees _______ _______ in our hometown every year.
5. How about having some fish for supper today?
    _______ _______ _______ some fish for supper today?
题型:句型转换  难度:中档

答案

1. such a; that  2. What a beautiful  3. take care of  4. are planted
5. What about having / Why not have / Will you have / Would you have / Shall we have

据专家权威分析,试题“完成句子,使改写后的句子完整,并与原句意思相符,注意每空只填..”主要考查你对  程度副词,被动语态,动词短语,从属连词,感叹句  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:

程度副词被动语态动词短语从属连词感叹句

考点名称:程度副词

  • 程度副词:
    用于表示程度.
    常见的有:
    fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。 
    eg: I quite agree with you.

  • 程度副词的用法:
    1.程度副词表示动词,形容词或其他副词的程度,如:
    too(太),very(非常),much(很),almost(几乎),nearly(几乎),enough(充分),hardly(几乎不)等。
    2.程度副词用在一般动词前。
    I almost forgot to bring my key.
    我差点忘记带钥匙。
    3.程度副词用在助动词与一般动词之间。
    I could hardly believe it.
    我几乎不能相信它。
    4.程度副词用在形容词或副词前,enough除外。
    He drives very carefully.
    他驾驶很小心。
    He is old enough to go to school.
    他够年龄,可以上学了。
    5.程度副词much(…得多),even(更加)可在形容词或副词的比较级之前作修饰语。
    This question is much more difficult than that one.
    这个问题比那个问题难多了。
    Canada is even larger than the United States.
    加拿大甚至比美国还大。

  • 程度副词和强调副词:
    1、程度副词可修饰动词,表示“到某种程度”:
    He loved his mother dearly.  他深爱他的母亲。
    I strongly object to your saying that.  我强烈反对你这样说话。
    Is she badly hurt?  她伤得重吗?
    这类副词除修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词(a)或另一副词(b):
    a. fairly simple 相当简单
    awfully sorry 非常抱歉
    quite correct 完全正确
    truly grateful 确实很感激
    b. fairly smoothly 相当顺利地
    wonderfully well 好极了
    know fully well 完全清楚
    do it very quickly 干得很快

    2、强调副词和程度副词很接近,有些就是程度副词。它们主要是对所修饰的动词(a)、形容词(b)加以强调:
    a. I quite agree. 我完全同意。
    He knew absolutely nothing. 他是毫无所知的。
    Your attitude simply amazes me. 你的态度简直使我吃惊。
    b. You’re entirely wrong. 你完全错了。
    She’s perfectly correct. 她完全正确。
    The food is just wonderful. 这饭菜简直好极了。
    3)much 是一个特殊的程度副词,它可以:
    a. 修饰副词(特别是用在否定句中):
    She didn’t talk much. 她不怎么说话。
    I don’t much like the idea.  我不大喜欢这个想法。
    Thank you very much. 非常感谢你。
    b. 修饰形容词等;
    I’m not much good at singing. 我唱歌不太好。
    I’m very much afraid that she won’t come. 我很担心她不来。
    c. 和形容词或副词的比较级或最高级连用:
    You sing much better than me. 你比我唱的好多了。
    Their house is much nicer than ours. 他们的房子比我们的好多了。
    d. 和how, so , too等词连用:
    How much do you like him?  你喜欢他到什么程度?
    He would so much like to go.  他会很想去的。

  • 程度副词的用法注意点:
    (1) 程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词,有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather 等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost 等)。如:
    Houses are much more expensive these days. 如今的房价贵多了。
    This is quite [much] the most expensive radio here. 这是这里最贵的收音机。
    【说明】quite 有时也修饰比较级,但只用于quite better(身体康复)这一表达。
    (2) 有的程度副词(如quite, rather, almost等)可修饰动词,但有的(如fairly, pretty, very等)则不能修饰动词。如:
    I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly, pretty, very)
    We rather like the film. 我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly, pretty, very)
    (3) 个别的程度副词(主要是quite和rather)还可修饰名词(注意词序)。如:
    It’s quite [rather] a good idea. / It’s a quite [rather] good idea. 那可真是个好主意。
    若此结构中没有形容词,则 quite 和 rather 则只能放在冠词之前。如:
    It was quite [rather] a success. 那事相当成功。

考点名称:被动语态

  • 语态:
    是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。
    语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
    如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;
    如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。

  • 被动语态的构成:
    被动语态的基本结构:
    主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者)
    ① 一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词
    如:Trees are planted every year.
    ② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词
    如:The road is being repaired. 
    ③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词
    如:The work has been finished.
    ④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
    如:The story was told by him.
    Many birds were killed last year.
    ⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词
    如: The new house was being painted when I got home.
    ⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词
    如: He told me that the work had been finished.
    ⑦一般将来时  will +be + 过去分词
    如:The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
    ⑧ 过去将来时 would/should +be +过去分词
    如: He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.
    ⑨情态动词的被动语态
    情态动词+ be +过去分词    
    如:The problem must be solved soon.
    Children should be taught to love animals.

  • 被动语态使用注意:
    1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 如:happen, break down, come out......
    What will happen in 100 years.
    The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
    2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如: write, sell, ride.....
    This pen writes well.
    This new book sells well.
    3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带“to”,但变为被动语态时,须加上“to”。
    例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
    see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
    A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
    The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
    4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
    He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
    He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
    My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
    5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
    We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.
    He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
    The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
    构成be+done.

  • 主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤:
    ①把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
    ②把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词,并注意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持不变。
    ③原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格),如不需要则可省略。
    ④其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。

    不用于被动语态的情形:
    ①不及物动词没有被动语态
    这类动词有take place, happen, come about, break out, appear, disappear, last,  arise等。
    例如:A fire broke out during the night.
    ②某些静态动词不用于被动语态
    这类动词有have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble等。 
    例如:My shoes do not fit me.
    ③宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态
    例如:We should help each other.

    关于主动形式表示被动意义:
    ①系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式。
    例如:The building looks very beautiful.
    ②当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如:The book sells well.
    ③有的动词本身含有被动意味,通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。
    例如:Her eyes filled with tears.
    ④不定式to blame, to let用作表语时,通常要用主动表被动。
    例如:Who is to blame?
    ⑤某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如:The book is difficult to understand.
    ⑥不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如:Do you have time to help us?
    ⑦在too...to do sth.和...enough to do sth. 这两个结构中,若主语与其后不定式为to do sth.被动关系,则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用 被动式)。
    例如:The writing is too faint to read.
    ⑧be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。
    例如:This movie is worth seeing.
    ⑨在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如:The house needs cleaning.

    表示“据说”的三类被动句型:
    ①It is said that...句式
    例如:It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number.
    ②There is said that...句式 
    例如:There is said to be plenty of oil off our coast.
    ③sb./sth.is said that...句式
    例如:Mr. Brown is said to have died of liver cancer.

  • 被动语态各时态构成 :

    时态

    被动语态 

    一般现在时

    am/is/are+过去分词

    一般过去时

    was/were+过去分词

    现在进行时

    am/is/are being+过去分词

    过去进行时

    was/were being+过去分词

    一般将来时

    will be+过去分词

    过去将来时

    would be+过去分词

    现在完成时

    have/has been+过去分词

    过去完成时

    had been+过去分词

    情态动词

    情态动词be+过去分词

  • 情态动词的被动语态:
    一、理解含情态动词的被动语态的概念含情态动词的被动语态说明某个被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。
    初中阶段可用于被动语态的情态动词有“can、may、must、need、should”等,
    分别表示“能够被……”,“可以被……”,“必须被……”,“需要被……“,应该被……”等。

    二、掌握含情态动词的被动语态的不同句式的变换方法含情态动词的被动语态的疑问句、否定句的变化均借助于情态动词完成。
    (一)一般疑问句直接将陈述句被动语态中的情态动词提前。如:
    Mustthisworkbedoneatonce?这项工作必须立即完成吗?
    Shouldyourhomeworkbefinishedbeforesix?你的家庭作业应在六点前完成吗?
    (二)特殊疑问句由疑问词加上一般疑问句被动语态构成。如:
    Whenmustthisworkbedone?这工作必须在什么时候完成?
    Wherecanthelostbookbefound?这本失踪的书能在什么地方被找到?
    (三)反意疑问句借助情态动词构成附加疑问部分。如:
    Thisbridgecanbebuiltnextyear,can'tit?这座桥明年能建成,是吗?
    Thisbookshouldn'tbetakenoutofthelibrary,shouldit?这本书不应被带出图书馆,是吗?
    (四)否定句在情态动词后面加上“not”或“never”即可,但“must”表“必要”时否定式为“needn't”。如:
    Thisworkneedn'tbedoneatonce.这项工作没必要立即做。Thisdustbinshouldn'tbeputhere.这个垃圾箱不应放在这儿。

    三、含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答应保留原情态动词,
    但“must”表“必须”时,其否定回答应用“needn't”、“need”表“必要”时,其肯定回答应用“must”。如:
    —Shouldmyexercisesbefinishedtoday?我的作业应在今天完成吗?
    —Yes,theyshould.是的,应在今天完成。(No,theyshouldn't.不,不应在今天完成。)
    —Musthisexercisebookbehandedinatonce?他的练习本必须立即上交吗?
    —Yes,itmust.是的,必须立即上交。(No,itneedn't.不,不必立即上交。)
    —Needhebeoperatedonatonce?他必须立即手术吗?
    —Yes,hemust.是的,他必须。(No,heneedn't.不,他不必。)

考点名称:动词短语

  • 动词短语:
    由动词和动短语成,或以动词为中心,功能同动词的短语叫动词短语,动词短语是动词的一种固定搭配形式,动词短语的搭配可分为下列四种基本类型。

  • 动词短语搭配形式:
    1.动词+副词
    ①作及物动词,例: 
    He brought up his children strictly.   
    从以上的例句中可以看出,在“动词+副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况:
    宾语如是名词,则可置于副词后面,亦可置于动词和副词之间。
    而如果宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间。   
    ②作不及物动词,例:    
    Something unexpected has turned up. 出现了令人意外的情况。(turn up=appear)   
    ③既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,例:   
    The barrel of gunpowder blew up.(不及物)火药桶爆炸了。   
    The soldiers blew up the bridge.(及物)士兵们把桥炸毁了。

    2.动词+介词 
    动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是在介词后面,例:
    I don’t much care for television.我不很喜欢电视。(care for=like)

    3.动词+副词+介词
    在这类动词短语中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,是动副词组和动介词组的合成体,词义上相当于一个及物动词。
    它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点,但宾语总是位于介词之后,例: 
    We must work hard to make up for lost time.我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。(make up for=compensate)

    4.动词+名词
    这类动词短语中的常见动词是have,take,give,make等,
    后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词,并表达了短语动词的真正意义,例:    
    Let’s have another try.让我们再试一下。(have a try=v.try)  

    5.动词+名词+介词    
    这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度,宾语总是位于介词之后,
     例:Keep an eye on the baby while I am out.我不在家时请照看一下小孩子。   

    6.be+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词    
    这类动词短语也相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后面,形容词是短语动词的真正词义,
    例:I know he is slow at understanding,but you have to be patient with him. 我知道他理解力差,但你得对他耐心些。

  • 动词短语与短语动词:
    <?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />一、短语动词
    (1)短语动词常常是两个词(一个动词+一个副词性小品)构成,如:wake up , get up ,turn out 等。

    (2)同一个动词后面可以有不同的副词性小品词,构成不同意义的短语动词。如:He turn on the radio .Bob turned out smiling.

    (3)短语动词用法普遍,尤其在非正式语言中:

    我们可以说 He awoke late the following morning .但这太正式了。

    我们通常说 He woke up late the following morning .


    短语动词的类型

    Here is a page from Mr Jones` diary :

    Monday ,February 5th.

    *有些短语动词不带宾语:

    The car broke down .Cigarette prices are going up.

    *多数主短语动词可以带宾语,宾语通常在副词性小品词的前或后:

    动词+副词性小品词+宾语 动词+宾语+副词性小品词

    I rang up a garage. I rang a garage up.

    如果宾语较长,则通常放在副词之后:

    I filled in an application form.(不说 I filled an application form in .)

    如果宾语是代词,其结构通常如下:

    动词+代词+副词性小品词

    I put it down.(不说 I put down it .)

    *有些短语动词是由三个词构成的(动词+副词性小品词+介词),这样,宾语就只能放在介词后面:

    I don`t get on with the people at work.

    短语动词由动词加上介词或副词小品词构成。比如:
    1. 由动词break构成的常见短语动词有:
    break away (from) 突然逃离;断绝往来,脱离;改掉,破除
    break down (机器等)坏了;(计划等)失败;(谈话等)中断;(健康等)变坏;感情失去控制
    break in 突然进来,强行进入;插嘴,打岔;训练,使适应
    break into 强行进入;突然…起来;打断,插嘴;占用时间
    break off 停止讲话;暂停,休息;(使)折断
    break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生,爆发
    break through 突破;克服,征服;强行穿过;(太阳等)从云层里出来
    break up 解散,驱散;(学校等)放假;结束,破裂;击碎;绝交
    break with 与…绝交,与…决裂
    2. 又如由bring构成的常用短语动词有:
    bring about 引起,实现,导致
    bring (a)round 使改变观点或看法;使苏醒;顺便把某人带来串门
    bring back 送还;使想起,使恢复
    bring down 击落;打死,打伤;使倒下;降低
    bring forth 产生,引起,结果
    bring in 收获;获利;介绍,引进;聘请;逮捕
    bring off 从船上救出;设法做成
    bring on 带来,引起;促使生长;帮助提高
    bring out 取出,拿出;显示出,使出来;出版
    bring over 说服,使改变(思想等)
    bring through 使度过(困难,危机等)
    bring together 使和解
    bring up 提出,提起;抚养,培养;呕吐

    二、动词短语
    动词短语由动词加上宾语或状语构成。如:
    break a glass 打破一个玻璃杯
    break one’s leg 摔断腿
    break a window 打破窗户
    break the rules 违反规定
    break a bad habit 改掉坏习惯
    break the world record 打破世界记录
    bread easily 容易断
    break to pieces 破成碎片
    bring a book 带来一本书
    bring sb sth 给某人带来某物
    bring sb great satisfaction 给某人带来极大的快慰
    bring death and famine 导致死亡和饥荒

  • 初中英语动词短语整理:
    1. break
    break down破坏,出毛病,拆开
    break off暂停,中断
    break in破门而入, 打断
    break into破门而入,突然…起来
    break out爆发
    break away from打破陈规;奋力挣脱;放弃习惯
    break through 出现,突破
    break up打碎,拆散, 分裂、分解

    2. call
    call at a place (车船等)停靠;到某地拜访。
    call away 叫走,叫开…;转移(注意力等)。
    call back唤回; 回电话;
    call for需要,要求
    call for sth (sb) 喊着叫某人来,喊着叫人取来某物
    call in 叫进,请进; 找来,请来;来访;收回
    call off取消; 叫走,转移开
    call (up)on sb 拜访或看望某人
    call sb sth 为某人叫某物
    call (up)on sb to do sth
    叫(请)某人做某事
    call up给…打电话;  想起,回忆起; 召集,应召入伍   
    call out大喊,高叫; 叫出去

    3. come
    come down下跌,落,降,传下来   
    come in进来  
    come out出版,结果是
    come on来临/ 快点   
    come along一道来,赶快
    come over走过来   
    come up发芽,走近     
    come back回来   
    come from来自,源自

    4. cut
    cut down砍倒,削减  
    cut up连根拔除,切碎

    5. die
    die of死于(疾病,饥饿,寒冷,情感原因)
    die from死于(外界原因)    
    die out绝种

    6. fall
    fall behind落后 
    fall down掉下,跌倒
    fall into 落入;陷入
    fall off 从。。。掉下
    fall out与。。。争吵

    7. go
    go along沿着。。。。走
    go through通过,经受
    go over复习,检查                  
    go up(价格)上涨,建造起来               
    go against违反  
    go away离开
    go by时间过去                      
    go down降低,(日、月)西沉
    go on(with)继续进行                  
    go out外出,熄灭                  
    go off发出响声

    8. get
    get down下来,记下,使沮丧         
    get on进展,进步,穿上,上车           
    get off脱下,下车
    get away逃跑,逃脱,去休假
    get over克服,从疾病中恢复  
    get along with进展,相处
    get up起床                              
    get into (trouble) 陷入困境中              
    get back取回,收回                      
    get out 出去
    get to 到达。。。

    9. give
    give away赠送,泄露,出卖        
    give out发出,疲劳,分发,      
    give in (to sb.) 屈服
    give up放弃,让(座位)

    10. hand
    hand in交上,提交
    hand out分发    

    11.hold
    hold on to…继续,坚持
    hold up举起,使停顿
    hold on别挂电话,等,坚持     

    12. keep       
    keep up with跟上
    keep out 不使。。。进入              
    keep from克制,阻止
    keep away from避开,不接近,
    keep on继续,坚持下来
    keep down 使。。。处于低水平                 

    13.knock
    knock at/on敲
    knock into撞到某人身上                   

    14. look
    look up查找,向上看 
    look through翻阅,浏览     
    look after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找
    look out(for)当心                                  
    look about / around/round四下查看
    look forward to盼望                           

    15. make
    make up编造,打扮,组成           
    make into / of / from 制成           

    16.pass     
    pass by经过              
    pass down(on)…to传给

    17. pay
    pay back还钱,报复 
    pay for付钱,因…得到报应  

    18. pick
    pick up拾起,接人,站起,收听,
    pick out挑选,辨认,看出  

    19. put
    put up张贴,举起,   
    put out伸出,扑灭            
    put off推迟               
    put into放进,翻译
    put away放好,存钱           
    put down记下,平息
    put on穿戴,上映,              
    put aside放到一边         
    put back放回

    20. stand
    stand out 突显,引人注目
    stand up 起立,站起来
    38.其它常用词组
    wake up 醒,唤醒,弄醒
    stay up 不睡觉;熬夜
    depend on依靠;取决于
    worry about为。。。担忧
    laugh at嘲笑。。。
    begin with以。。。开始
    mix up混合、搀和
    major in 主修
    grow up成长
    open up 打开,张开;开发
    end up到达或来到某处; 达到某状态
    throw away 丢弃。。。
    ask for要求。。。
    wait for等待。。。
    agree with同意。。。
    find out(经研究或询问)获知某事
    send out 发出,放出,射出
    search for 搜索,搜查
    chop down 砍到
    have.. on 穿着。。。
    step out of 跨步走出
    drop out of 从。。。掉出
    happen to 发生在。。。
    belong to属于
    arrive in /at到达。。。
    try on试穿。。。
    vote on对。。。进行投票
    strech out伸展。。。
    hang out闲逛
    leave for离开前往
    sell out 卖完、售完
    show up 出席;露面

    21. run
    run after追逐,追捕   
    run away逃跑  
    run off跑掉,迅速离开       
    run out of用完

    22. set
    set up建立       
    set off 激起,引起      

    23. take
    take after 与…相像
    take off脱掉,起飞  
    take away拿走  
    take up从事,占用(时间空间)   
    take down记录,取下       
    take back收回
    take pride in以… ……为自豪,
    take the place of 代替

    24. think
    think of想起,考虑,对…看法   
    think out(自然)想出办法  
    think up想出(设计出、发明、编造)
    think about考虑      
    think over仔细考虑      

    25. turn
    turn off / on打开                  
    turn to翻到,转向,求助
    turn down调低,拒绝               
    turn back返回,转回去
    turn round转过身来                 
    turn up向上翻,出现,音量调大                     

    26. care
    care about 担心,关心;在乎,介意
    care for 关心,关怀,照顾

    27. clean
    clean up 把…打扫干净,把…收拾整齐
    clean out 清除;把…打扫干净

    28.learn
    learn about 获悉,得知,认识到
    learn from  从/向。。。学习

    29. fight
    fight for..争取获得…
    fight against 争取克服、战胜…
    fight with…与。。。搏斗/战斗

    30. dream
    dream of梦想,想橡
    dream about 梦到。。。

    31. work
    work for 为。。工作
    work out 产生结果;发展;成功

    32. argue
    argue with …与。。。争论
    argue about..争论。。。

    33. complain
    complain to 向。。抱怨
    complain about抱怨。。。

    34. hear
    hear of 听说,得知
    hear about听到。。。的事,听到。。的话
    hear from接到。。。的信

    35. talk
    talk about 讨论。。。
    talk with/to..和。。。讨论

    36. live
    live in 住在。。。
    live on 以。。。为主食

  •  

考点名称:从属连词

  • 从属连词:
    这种连词是用以引导名词性从句定语从句和状语从句的,由从属连词所引导的句子叫从句,而含有从句的句子叫作复合句。

  • 从属连词可分为三大类:
    1、that (无词义,不做成分)
    if,whether (表达是否的意义,但不做句子成分)
    2、连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever, whoever, whichever(有词义,在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语)
    3、连接副词:when,where,why,how,how many,how long,how far,however,whenever,wherever (有词义,作从句的状语)

    用法:
    从结构上说,英语连接词分两大类:并列连词和从属连词。

    并列连词连接两个或两个以上地位平等的字、词组或分句。例如:
    (1) Air and water are indispensable to me.   
    (2) She likes going out with friends or playing outdoor games.   
    (3) Most workers have a good income, so they look very happy.   

    从属连词连接两个或两个以上的分句,形成复杂句中的从属分句。例如:   
    (4) He said that he did not want to go .   
    (5) Many things have happened since I last saw him.   
    (6) You may come if you want to.   

    从属连词用来连接各种从句。
    until(till)直到,在用until表达时间状语的句子中,主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择的。
    如动词是持续行动词,它要用肯定句,如:
    I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night.
    如果动词是瞬间截止性动词,则要用否定句,如:
    He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.
    由since,for,by,before, 来引导的时间状语从句。
    since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间,如:
    I have studied English since 1990.
    而by引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间,如:
    I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term.

  • 从属连词语法分类:
    种类 语法作用 连词举例 
    从属连词 引导原因状语从句 Because, since
    引导条件状语从句 If, unless, as long as
    引导目的状语从句 So that
    引导结果状语从句 So…that
    引导方式状语从句 As, just as, as if
    引导让步状语从句 Though, although, even
    though, no matter what,
    however, no matter how,
    whoever, no matter who,
    wherever, no matter where
    引导比较状语从句 As…as, not so…as, than,
    less…than, the more…the
    more
    引导名词性从句 Who, whom, whose, which,
    that, when, where, why

考点名称:感叹句

  • 感叹句:
    是表示喜怒哀乐等情感的句子。感叹句一般用how或what开头。感叹句要用降调,句末用感叹号
    How作状语,修饰修饰形容词、副词、或句子;
    what作定语,修饰名词(名词前可有形容词或冠词)。

  • 感叹句结构:
    一、由感叹词what引导的感叹句。
    1.① What+a/an+(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!
    ② What+名词词组+主语+谓语!
    如: What a fine day it is!
    2. What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语!
    如: What kind women they are!
    What nice music it is!

    二、由How引导的感叹句。(how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。)
    1.How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!
    如: How hard the workers are working!
    How clever the girl is!
    How quickly the boy is writing!
    2. How+主语+谓语!
    如:How time flies! 时光飞逝!

    三、注意:
    1. 当how修饰动词时,动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。
    如: How fast the runner runs!
    2. how与what引导的感叹句中的第一种格式(单数名词)一般情况下可以相互转换,转换后意义不变。
    如: What an interesting story it is! = How interesting the story is!
    What a beautiful building it is! = How beautiful the building is!
    3. 在口语中,感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。
    如: What a nice present!(省略it is)
    How disappointed!(省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语)

  • 感叹句 what 和 how 的区别:
    1.由"what"引导的感叹句:"what"意为"多么"用作定语,修饰名词(被强调部分),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。
    这类句子的结构形式是:
    what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is).
    如: What a clever girl she is!   多么聪明的姑娘呀!
     
    2.由"how"引导的感叹句:"how"意为"多么",用作状语,修饰形容词或副词(被强调部分)。
    如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用系动词;
    如果how修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词,这类句子的结构形式是:
    How+adj.(adv.)+主语+谓语+(it is).
    如: How cold it is today!今天多么冷呀!
      
    3.在表示同一意义时,英语感叹既可用"what"引导,也可用"how"引导。如:
    What a hot day it is!
    How hot the day is !

    4.感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时,口语中常常采用省略句,其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。
    如:What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀!

  • 一般陈述句转换成How或者What引导的感叹句的方法:
    方法:
    找出陈述句中的主语和谓语部分,再找出形容词,最后找陈述句中是否包含该形容词修饰的名词部分。
    例如:My classmates are very kind and helpful.
    分析:
    句子的主语是my classmates,谓语(即动词)是are,形容词有kind和helpful,但没有该形容词要修饰的名词。
    因此可以转换成How引导的感叹句,根据“How + adj. + 主语 + 谓语!”,
    该陈述句可以改成:
    How kind and helpful my classmates are!

    例如:China is a peaceful country.
    分析:
    句子中的主语是China,谓语是is,形容词是peaceful,而且有该形容词修饰的名词country,并且,country是可数名词,需要用冠词,原句有冠词a,
    因此可以转换成What引导的感叹句,根据“What + n. + 主语 + 谓语!”,
    该句子可以改成:
    What a peaceful country China is!

    感叹句用法:
    感叹句多以how或what引导,但在口语中,还有一些特殊的感叹句表达形式。
    1.以副词here, there, in开头的感叹句。
    Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了!
    There they are! 他们在那儿呢!
    2.以疑问词who开头,表示惊奇。
    Who else will read such a book! 谁还会读这样的书!
    3.以情态动词may开头,表示愿望。
    May you both be happy! 祝二位幸福。
    May you succeed! 祝你成功!
    4.否定疑问句用作感叹句时,它的意义是肯定的;但肯定疑问句用作感叹句在美国英语中比较常见。
    Aren’t they sweet! 他们多可爱啊!
    I am hungry! 我饿极了!
    5.一些短语用作感叹句。
    Dear me! 哎呀! My goodness! 嗳呀!
    None of your nonsense! 不要胡说了!
    6.一些作表语的成分用作感叹句。
    Just my luck! 又倒霉了!
    Sorry, my mistake! 对不起,是我的错!
    7.以从句表示的感叹句。例如:
    As if were my fault!好像是我的错似的!
    To think a scandal of this sort should be going on under my roof!真想不到这种丑事竟然出在我们家里!

  • 感叹句大全:
    一、由 what 引导的感叹句,其句子结构可分为以下三种:
    “ What + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”。如:
    What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊!
    What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊!
    “ What +形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!”。如:
    What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊!
    What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊!
    “ What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!”。如:
    What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊!
    What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊!

    二、由 how 引导的感叹句,其句子结构也分为三种:
    “ How +形容词 / 副词+主语+谓语!”。如:
    How careful she is! 她多么细心啊!
    How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊!
    “ How +形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”。如:
    How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊!
    “ How +主语+谓语!”。如:
    How time flies! 光阴似箭!
    由 what 引导的感叹句与由 how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换,但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如:
    How beautiful a girl she is! = What a beautiful girl she is!
    What delicious cakes these are! = How delicious these cakes are!

    三、有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。
    如: Good idea! (好主意!)
    wonderful! (太精彩了!)
    Thank goodness! (谢天谢地!)



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