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句型转换。1. He is going to visit her uncle next week. (提问) ______ ______ he going to visit her uncle? 2. The boys were playing when I got there. (一般疑问-八年级英语

[db:作者]  2019-12-31 00:00:00  零零社区

题文

句型转换。
1. He is going to visit her uncle next week. (提问)
    ______ ______ he going to visit her uncle?
2. The boys were playing when I got there. (一般疑问句)
    _______ the boys _______ when I got there?
3. Will you take the train to work? (改同义句)
    Will you go to work ______ ______?
4. He didn't go to bed before ten o'clock. (改同义句)
    He ______ go to bed ______ ten o'clock.
5. "How old are you?" Jack asked her. (改为间接引语)
     Jack asked her how old _______ _______.
6. They will go to Beijing on vacation next week. They will have enough time. (合并)
    They will go to Beijing on vacation next week ______ they ______ enough time.
7. The boy was riding a bike when the UFO landed? (提问) 
                             the boy             when the UFO landed?
题型:句型转换  难度:中档

答案

1. When is  2. Were playing  3. by train  4. didn't until
5. she was  6. if have  7. What was doing

据专家权威分析,试题“句型转换。1. He is going to visit her uncle next week. (提..”主要考查你对  疑问副词,过去进行时,介词短语,一般疑问句,直接引语,间接引语  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:

疑问副词过去进行时介词短语一般疑问句直接引语,间接引语

考点名称:疑问副词

  • 疑问副词:
    用来引导特殊疑问句,表示时间,地点,方式,原因等。
    常见的有:when,where,how,why等。

  • 疑问副词的用法:
    1.疑问副词是问何时、何地、如何、因何的副词,主要有when, where, how, why。

    2.疑问副词用在句首。
    How long have you been staying in America?
    你在美国待多久了?

    3.疑问副词在句中引导名词子句。
    I want to know where she has gone.
    我想知道她去哪里了。

    4.疑问副词后接不定词构成的名词片语,在句中可以作主词、受词或主词补语。
    How to solve the problem gives him a bad headache.
    如何解决这个问题使他伤透脑筋。
    (How to solve the problem作主词。)
    I don't know how to answer the question.
    我不知道如何回答这个问题。
    (how to answer the question作受词。)
    The patient is in urgent need the medicine, but the problem is where to get it.
    这个病人急需这种药,但问题是哪里能找到。
    (where to get it作主词补语。)

    5.疑问副词引导的名词子句可作主词、受词或主词补语。
    When we are to start the competition hasn't fixed yet.
    我们什么时候开始比赛还没有定下来。
    (When we are to start the competition作主词。)
    She asked her husband where he had been.
    她问她丈夫去哪里了。
    (where he had been 作受词。)
    The question is when we can finish our work.
    问题是我们何时能完成我们的工作。
    (when we can finish our work作主词补语。)

  • 疑问代词与疑问副词的区别:
    1. 疑问代词做对陈述句的主语,宾语或定语提问,即做句子的主语,宾语或定语,如what, who/ whom, whose.
    eg. Who is talking ? What can you see?
    Whose shirt is this?
    2.疑问副词对时间,地点,方式等状语提问,如when, where, how 等.
    eg. When is your birthday? Where are you going?
    How do you know?
    常见的疑问代词:what  who  which  whom(只做宾语)
    疑问副词:how  where  when
    还有whether是疑问连接词。

考点名称:过去进行时

  • 过去进行时:
    表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。其形式为was/were+V-ing。
    常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:
    last night,last Saturday等;
    或者与when,while,as引导的过去时间状语连用。

  • 过去进行时的结构:
    1. 过去进行时由“主语+was/were + 现在分词”构成
    eg: We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。
    2. 过去进行时的否定式由“主语+was/were not +现在分词”构成
    eg: This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候,杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车。
    3. 过去进行时的疑问式由“was/were +主语+ 现在分词”组成
    eg: Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 你们在干什么昨天下午的时间啊  回答我啊?

  • 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别:
    一、二者概念理解
    一般过去时叙述旧事,过去进行时描述背景。
    A、一般过去时
    1.过去状态、动作或事件
    He went to Beijing the other day.(带具体时间)
    2.过去的习惯
    a would ,used to与过去时
    would 表间断性不规则的习惯,常带频率时间
    used to 表一贯性有规律的习惯
    They used to meet and would sometimes exchange one or two words.
    He smoked a lot two years ago. (过去行为)
    bWould 用于文中不用于句首,只表过去习惯。
    Used to 表今昔对比的含义,叙述习惯动作可与would 换用。
    When he was a boy , he would often go there . (叙述过去)
    She isn't what she used to be. (今昔对比)
    c 表示状态时一般只用used to
    Tom used to be fat /There used to stand a tree there. (状态)
    dwas (were) used to +ving表示“合适于,适应于…..”
    He used to work at night . (“习惯”表经常)
    He was used to working at night. (习惯表适应)
    3.过去的经历,平行动作,依此事件用一般过去时。
    He sat there and listened to the radio.(依此发生)
    4.客气委婉的语气,用于情态动词,助动词和want , wonder , hope 等
    How did you like the film? / Could you help me?

    B. 过去进行时
    1.在过去某阶段或某一时刻正在发生
    What were you doing at 8:30 last night? (过去某时刻正在发生)
    2.性动词用过去进行时表示按计划、打算
    During that time he was going with us.(表示打算)
    3.lways ,often ,usually 等连用表喜爱,讨厌等感情色彩。
    He was always Changing his mind.

    二、区别
    A. 进行时表某一行为的“片断”一般时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。
    I was reading the book at that time. (未读完,“读”的片段)
    I read the book yesterday. (已读完,表整个“读”)
    B、一般持续时间状语多与进行时连用
    It was raining all night.(优先用was raining ,rained 为持续动词,故也可使用)
    He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暂动词与持续时间连用,表反复,连续发生,不可用一般过去时)
    C、while 时间状语从句中用短暂动词时只能用进行时。
    例:He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down.
    D、While 所在主从句动作大致持续相等时主从句一般都用进行时,但若是持续动词可都用一般过去时,两个动作一长一短时短的用一般时,长的用进行时。
    I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.(平行)
    I cooked the dinner while he played the piano.
    I saw him while I was walking to the station.

  • 过去进行时的基本用法:
    过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。如:
    He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。   
    2. 用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。如:
    I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。   
    【注】一般过去时也有类似用法,但比较而言,用过去进行时显得更客气,更不肯定。   
    3. 过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、 
    厌恶等感情色彩,也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。如:
    They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。   
    4. 动词be的过去进行时动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。   
    比较:He was friendly. 他很友好。(指过去长期如此)   
       He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现)

    特殊用法

    1、当句子意思很清楚时,我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时
    We listened carefully when the teacher read the text. 老师读课文时,我们都仔细地听着。
    2、表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。
    用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置转移的动词时,也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。
    如:He told me that he was going soon. 他告诉我他很快就要走了。
    3、表示故事发生的背景。
    It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.
    那支医疗小组往前线行进时,天正下着雪。
    4、表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。
    过去进行时可用来引出一个新的动作,这种用法颇有点儿像镜头转换。
    Five minutes later,he stood in the doorway smoking a cigarette.
    5分钟后,他已站在门口抽着烟。
    5、过去进行时还可和when结构遥相呼应,含有意外之意。
    I was walking in the street when someone called me.
    我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
    6、用来陈述原因或用作借口。
    She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.
    她昨天去看病了。她患了很严重的心脏病。
    7、与always,constantly等词连用,表示感情色彩。
    The girl was always changing her mind.
    这女孩老是改变主意。

考点名称:介词短语

  • 介词短语:
    介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。
    介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词与它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语,定语或介词宾语。例如:at ,in, on, to
    介词短语在句中可以作状语,定语,表语,补足语等。
    1. 作表语
       例如:It was in 2005 in Beijing.
    2. 作宾语补足语
       例如:He found his dog outside the station.
    3. 作后置定语
       例如:I even store them in boxes under my bed.
    4. 作状语
       例如:You are supposed to put your bread on your plate.

  • 常见介词用法:
    1)at,in,on在……范围
    at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近,旁边”
    in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。
    on 表示毗邻,接壤
    to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤
    He arrived at the station at ten.
    He is sitting at the desk.
    He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
    Jiangsu lies in the east of China.
    Russia live on the north of China.
    Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.

    2)above, over, on 在……上
    above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对;
    over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。
    on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
    The bird is flying above my head.
    There is a bridge over the river.
    He put his watch on the desk.

    3)below, under 在……下面
    under表示在…正下方
    below表示在……下,不一定在正下方
    There is a cat under the table.
    Please write your name below the line.

  • 介词短语组织形式及实例:
    一、介词+名词形式
    第一组
    by accident 偶然
    on account of 因为,由于
    in addition 另外
    in addition to 除 …… 之外
    in the air 在流行中,在传播中
    on (the/an) average 平均,一般来说
    on the basis of 根据,在 …… 的基础上
    at (the) best 充其量,至多
    for the better 好转,改善
    on board 在船 ( 车、飞机 ) 上
    out of breath 喘不过气来
    on business 因公,因事
    in any case 无论如何,总之
    in case of 假使,万一
    in case 假如,以防 ( 万一 ) 免得
    in no case 决不
    第二组
    by chance 偶然,碰巧
    in charge (of) 负责,主管
    (a) round the clock 昼夜不停地
    in common 共用,共有,共同
    in conclusion 最后,总之
    on condition that 在 …… 条件下
    in confidence 信任
    in connection with/to 关于
    in consequence 因此,结果
    in consequence of 由于 …… 的缘故
    on the contrary 反之,正相反
    in contrast with/to 与 …… 成对照
    out of control 失去控制
    under control 被控制住
    at all costs 不惜任何代价
    at the cost of 以 …… 为代价
    第三组
    in the course of 在 …… 过程中,在 …… 期间
    of course 当然,自然,无疑
    in danger 在危险中,垂危
    out of danger 脱离危险
    out of date 过期 ( 时 ) 的
    up to date 时新的
    in debt 欠债
    in detail 详细地
    in difficulties 处境困难
    in the distance 在远处
    off duty 下班
    on duty 值班,上班
    on earth 究竟,到底
    at all events 无论如何
    in any event 无论如何
    in effect 有效;实际上
    第四组
    in the event of 万一,如果发生
    for example 例如
    with the exception of 除 …… 之外
    in the face of 面对,不顾,即使
    in fact 其实,实际上
    on fire 烧着
    on foot 步行
    in force 有效;实施中
    in favo(u)r of 有利于,赞成,支持 in front of 在 …… 面前
    in (the) future 今后,将来
    on guard 警惕,防范
    in general 通常,大体上
    in half 成两半
    at hand 在手边,在附近
    from tip to toe 彻头彻尾,完全
    by hand 用手 hand down to 往下传,传给 ( 后代 )
    第五组
    hand in hand 手拉手,携手
    in hand 在掌握中,在控制中
    on hand 在手边,临近
    on (the) one hand... 一方面 …… ,
    on the other hand... 另一方面 ……
    at heart 在内心;实质上
    by heart 牢记,凭记忆
    at home 在家,在国内;自在,自如
    in honor of 以纪念,向 …… 表示敬意
    on one's honor 以名誉担保
    in a hurry 匆忙地,立即
    for instance 例如,举例说
    at intervals 不时,时时
    at last 最终,终于
    at least 至少,最低限度
    in the least 一点,丝毫
    第六组
    at length 终于,最后;详细地
    in the light of 按照,根据
    in line 成一直线,排成一行
    in line with 与 …… 一致,按照
    at a loss 困惑,不知所措
    as a matter of fact 其实,事实上
    by all means 无论如何,必定 by means of 借助于,用
    by no means 决不
    in memory of 纪念
    at the mercy of 在 …… 支配下
    by mistake 错误地
    for a moment 片刻,一会儿
    in a moment 立刻,马上
    第七组
    in nature 本质上 on occasion 有时,不时
    in order 秩序井然,整齐
    in group to 以便,为了
    in group that 以便
    out of order 发生故障,失调
    on one's own 独自地,独立地
    in particular 特别地,尤其,详细地
    in the past 在过去,以往
    in person 亲自
    in place 在适当的位置
    in place of 代替
    in the first place 起初,首先
    in the last place 最后
    out of place 不得其所的,不适当的
    on the point 即将 …… 的时候
    第八组 to the point 切中要害,切题
    in practice 在实际中,实际上
    out of practice 久不练习
    in proportion to( 与 ……) 成比例的
    in public 公开地,当众
    for (the) purpose of 为了
    on purpose 故意,有意
    with the purpose of 为了
    in question 正在考虑
    at random 随意地,任意地
    at any rate 无论如何,至少
    by reason of 由于
    as regards 关于,至于
    with/in regard to 对于,就 …… 而论
    第九组
    in/with relation to 关系到
    with respect to 关于
    as a result 结果,因此
    as a result of 由于 …… 的结果
    in return 作为报答,作为回报
    on the road 在旅途中
    as a rule 规章,规则;通常,照例
    in the long run 最终,从长远观点看
    for the sake of 为了 …… 起见
    on sale 出售;贱卖
    on a large scale 大规模地
    on a small scale 小规模地
    in secret 秘密地,私下地
    in a sense 从某种意义上说
    in shape 处于良好状态
    on the side 作为兼职,额外
    第十组
    at first sight 乍一看,初看起来
    in sight 被看到,在望
    out of sight 看不见,在视野之外
    in spite of 不管,不顾;尽管,虽然
    on the spot 当场,在现场
    in step 同步,合拍
    out of step 步调不一致,不协调
    in stock 现有,备有
    in sum 总而言之
    in tears 流着泪,含泪,哭
    in terms of 依据,按照;用 …… 措词
    for one thing 首先,一则
    on the second thoughts 经重新考虑,一转念
    at a time 每次,一次
    at no time 从不,决不
    at one time 同时,曾经,从前曾

    二、动词+名词形式
    第一组
    have/gain access to 可以获得
    take...into account 考虑
    gain/have an advantage over 胜过,优于
    pay the way for 为 …… 铺平道路
    take advantage of 利用,趁 …… 之机
    pay attention to 注意
    do/try one's best 尽力,努力
    get the best of 胜过
    make the best of 充分利用,妥善处理
    get the better of 打败,致胜
    catch one's breath 屏息,歇口气
    take care 小心,当心
    take care of 照顾,照料
    take a chance 冒险一试
    take charge of 担任,负责
    keep company with 与 …… 交往,与 ……
    take delight in 以 …… 为乐
    with delight 欣然,乐意地
    第二组
    make a/the difference 有影响,很重要
    carry/bring into effect 使生效,使起作用
    put into effect 实行,生效
    come/go into effect 生效,实施
    take effect 生效,起作用
    catch one's eye 引人注目
    keep an eye on 留意,照看
    make a face 做鬼脸
    find fault 埋怨,挑剔
    catch fire 着火
    come/go into force 生效,实施
    make friends 交朋友,友好相处
    be friends with 对 …… 友好,与 …… 交上朋友
    make fun of 取笑,嘲弄
    keep one's head 保持镇静
    lost one's head 不知所措
    第三组
    lose heart 丧失勇气,失去信心
    get/learn by heart 记住,背诵
    get hold of 抓住,掌握
    keep house 管理家务,做家务
    throw/cast light on 使明白,阐明
    bear/keep in mind 记住
    have in mind 记住,考虑到,想到
    make up one's mind 下决心
    come/go into operation 使投入生产,使运转
    put in order 整理,检修
    keep/hold pace with 跟上,与 …… 同步
    play a part 起作用
    take place 发生,进行
    take the place of 代替
    come to the point 说到要点,扼要地说
    bring/carry into practice 实施,实行
    第四组
    make progress 进步,进展
    give rise to 引起,使发生
    make sense 讲得通,有意义
    catch the sight of 发现,突然看见
    (go) on the stage 当演员
    take one's time 不急不忙,从容进行
    keep in touch 保持联系
    keep track 通晓事态,注意动向
    lose track 失去联系
    make use of 利用
    put to use 使用,利用
    give way 让路,让步
    lead the way 带路,引路
    make one's way 前进,进行
    make way 让路,开路
    keep one's word 遵守诺言
    第五组
    act on 作用
    appeal to 呼吁,要求
    attempt at 企图,努力
    attitude to/towards 态度,看法
    a great/good deal of 大量 ( 的 ) ,许多 ( 的 )
    influence on 影响
    interference in 干涉
    interference with 妨碍,打扰
    第六组
    introduce to 介绍
    a lot (of) 许多 ( 的 ) ,大量 ( 的 )
    lots of 大量,很多
    fall in love with 相爱,爱上
    a matter of( 关于 ……) 的问题
    a number of 若干,许多
    reply to 回答,答复
    a series of 一系列,一连串
    英语常考词语固定搭配(四)
    第七组
    trolley bus 电车
    I. D. card 身份证
    credit card 信用卡
    no doubt 无疑,必定
    next door 隔壁
    out of doors 在户外
    face to face 面对面地
    as matter of fact 实际情况,真相
    a few 有些,几个
    quite a few 还不少,有相当数目的
    a little 一点,稍微,一些,少许
    little by little 逐渐地
    quite a little 相当多,不少
    no matter 无论
    the moment (that) 一 …… 就
    no more 不再
    第八组
    fair play 公平竞赛;公平对待
    in demand 有需要,销路好
    rest room 厕所,盥洗室
    primary school 小学
    side by side 肩并肩,一个挨一个
    heart and soul 全心全意
    step by step 逐步
    ahead of time 提前
    all the time 一直,始终
    once upon a time 从前
    once in a while 偶尔,有时
    no wonder 难怪,怪不得
    word for word 逐字地
    decline with thanks 婉言谢绝

    三、介词+介词形式
    第一组
    account for 说明 ( 原因等 )
    aim at 瞄准,针对
    allow for 考虑到
    appeal to 呼吁,要求
    arrive at 达成,得出
    ask after 询问,问候
    ask for 请求,要求
    attach to 附属于,隶属于
    begin with 从开始
    break into 闯入
    break off 断绝,结束
    break through 突破
    break up 中止,结束;打碎,折断
    bring about 带来,造成
    bring down 打倒,挫伤;降低
    bring forth 产生,提上
    第二组
    bring forward 提出
    bring out 使出现;公布;出版
    bring up 教育,培养,使成长
    build up 积累;堵塞;树立,逐步建立;增进;锻炼
    call for 邀请;要求;需求
    call forth 唤起,引起;振作起,鼓起
    call off 放弃,取消
    catch at 抓住 ( 东西 )
    call on/upon 访问,拜访;号召,呼吁
    call up 召集,动员;打电话
    care for 照管,关心;喜欢,意欲
    carry off 夺去
    carry on 继续下去;从事,经营
    carry out 贯彻,执行;实现
    come to 总计,达到;苏醒,复原
    count on 依靠;期待,指望
    count up 把 …… 相加
    第三组
    cover up 掩饰,掩盖
    cut across 走捷径,抄近路
    deal with 处理,对付,安排
    do without 没有 …… 也行
    fill in/out 填充,填写
    get at 得到,接近;意思是
    get into 进入,陷入
    go after 追求
    go into 进入;研究,调查
    go for 竭力想取得;喜爱;支持,拥护
    go through 经历,经受;详细检查
    go with 伴随,与 …… 协调
    go without 没有 …… 也行
    improve on 改进
    keep to 保持,坚持
    lie in 在于
    live up to 不辜负
    第四组
    live on/by 靠 …… 生活,以 …… 为食
    live through 度过,经受过
    look after 照管,照料
    look at 看望,注视
    look for 寻找,寻求
    look into 调查,观察,过问;窥视
    look over 检查,查看,调查
    look through 仔细查看,浏览,温习
    make for 走向,驶向;有助于
    occur to 被想到,被想起
    play with 以 …… 为消遣,玩弄
    refer to 参考,查阅,涉及,提到
    run for 竞选
    run into 撞上,偶然碰见
    see to 注意,负责,照料,修理
    send for 派人去请,召唤;索取
    第五组
    send in 呈报,递交,送来
    serve as 作为,用作
    set aside 挑出,拨出,留出;拒绝
    sit for 参加
    stand by 支持,帮助;袖手旁观
    stand for 代替,代表,意味着
    stand against 反抗,抵抗
    stick to 坚持,忠于,信守
    take after 与 …… 相像
    take for 把 …… 认为是,把 …… 看成是
    take in 接受,吸收;了解,理解
    take to 喜欢,亲近
    touch on 关系到,涉及
    turn into 变成
    turn to 变成;求助于,借助于
    turn off 关上;出产;解雇

    四、动词+介词形式
    第一组
    break down 损坏,分解,瓦解
    break in 闯入;打断,插嘴
    break out 逃出;突然发生,爆发
    bring to 使恢复知觉
    burn out 烧掉
    burn up 烧起来,旺起来;烧完
    catch on 理解,明白
    check in 办理登记手续
    check out 结账后离开;检验,核查
    check up (on) 校对,检查,检验
    cheer up 使高兴,使振奋
    clear away 扫除,收拾
    clear up 收拾;澄清;放晴
    make it clear that 弄清楚
    come off 实现,成功,奏效
    come on 请,来吧,快点;开始,出场,上演
    come out 出版;出现,显露;结果是
    第二组
    come round (around) 来访,前来;苏醒,复原
    come through 经历,脱险
    come up 走近,上来;发生,被提出
    cross out 删去,取消
    cut back 削减,减少
    cut down 削减,降低
    cut in( 汽车 ) 抢道;插嘴,打断
    cut off 切断;删去;停止
    cut out 删除
    cut short 突然停止
    die down 渐渐消失,平息
    die out 消失,灭绝
    draw in( 火车、汽车 ) 到站
    draw up 写上,画上;草拟;停住
    dress up 穿上盛装,打扮得很漂亮
    drop by/in 顺便来访
    dry out 干透,使干
    dry up 干涸,枯竭
    第三组
    drop off 减弱,减少
    drop out 退出,离队
    fall behind 落后
    fall out 争吵;结果是
    fall through 落空,失败
    feed in 输入
    find out 查明
    get across 解释清楚,使人了解
    get around/round 走动,旅行; ( 消息 ) 传开
    get away 逃脱,离开
    get by 通过,经过
    get down 从 …… 下来;写下
    get in 进入;收获,收集
    get off 从 …… 下来;离开,动身,开始
    get over 克服; ( 从病中 ) 恢复过来
    get through 结束,完成;接通电话
    have got to (do) 不得不,必须
    第四组
    get together 集合,聚集
    get up 起床;增加,增强
    give away 泄露;分送
    give back 送还,恢复
    give in 交上;投降,屈服
    give off 放出,释放
    give out 分发,放出
    give up 停止,放弃
    go ahead 开始,前进;领先
    go by 过去
    go down 下降,降低;被载入,传下去
    go off 爆炸,发射;动身,离开
    go out 外出;熄灭
    go over 检查,审查;复习,重温
    go round/around 足够分配
    go under 下沉,沉没;失败;破产
    go through 通过,审查,完成
    第五组
    go up 上升,增加;建起
    hand down 流传下来,传给,往下传
    hand in 交上,递交
    hand on 传下来,依次传递
    hand out 分发,散发,发给
    hand over 交出,移交,让与
    hang about 闲荡,徘徊,逗留
    hang back 犹豫,踌躇,畏缩
    hang on 抓紧不放;继续下去
    hang up 挂断 ( 电话 )
    have back 要回,收回
    have on 穿着,戴着
    hold back 踌躇,退缩;阻止,抑制
    hold on 继续,握住不放
    hold out 维持,支持;坚持,不屈服
    hold up 举起,阻挡,使停止;抢劫
    第六组
    hurry up( 使 ) 赶快,迅速完成
    keep back 阻止,阻挡;隐瞒,保留
    keep down 控制,压制,镇压;压低
    keep off 不接近,避开
    keep up 保持,维持;继续,坚持
    let down 放下,降低;使失望
    let in 让 …… 进入,放 …… 进来
    let off 放 ( 烟,烟火 ) ,开 ( 枪 )
    let out 放掉,放出,发出
    line up 排队,使排成一行
    look back 回顾,回头看
    look out 留神,注意,提防,警惕
    look on 旁观,观看;看待,视作
    look up 查阅,查考;寻找 ( 某人 )
    look in 顺便看望
    make out 辨认,区分;理解,了解
    make out of 用 …… 做,从 …… 得出
    第七组
    make up 构成,拼凑;弥补,赔偿;化装
    mix up 混淆,混合,搞糊涂
    pass away 去世,逝世
    pass off 中止,停止
    pass to 转到,讨论,传到
    pass out 失去知觉,昏倒
    pay back 偿还,回报
    pay off 还清 ( 债 )
    pay down 即时交付,用现金支付
    pay up 全部付清
    第八组
    pick out 选出,挑出,拣出;辨认,辨别出
    pick up 拾起, ( 偶然 ) 得到; ( 车船 ) 中途搭 ( 人 ) ,学会
    pull down 拆毁,拉倒;拉下,降低
    pull in( 车 ) 停下,进站,船 ( 到岸 )
    pull off 脱 ( 帽、衣 )
    pull on 穿,戴
    pull out 拔出,抽出; ( 车、船 ) 驶出
    pull together 齐心协力
    pull up( 使 ) 停下
    put across 解释清楚,说明
    put aside 储存,保留
    put away 放好,收好;储存
    put down 记下,放下;镇压,平定
    put forward 提出
    put in 驶进
    put on 穿上,戴上;上演;增加 ( 体重 )
    put out 熄灭,关 ( 灯 ) ;出版,发布;生产
    put right 改正 ( 错误 ) ,整理
    第九组
    put up 提起,举起,提 ( 价 ) ;为 …… 提供食宿,投宿
    ring off 挂断电话
    rub out 擦掉,拭去
    run down 撞倒,撞沉;追捕,追查
    run off 复印,打印
    run over 略读,略述;辗过,浏览,匆匆复习
    see off 给 …… 送行
    see through 看穿,识破;干完,干到底
    set back 推迟,延缓,阻碍
    set down 卸下,放下,记下,记入
    set forth 阐明,陈述
    set off 出发,动身;引起,使发生
    set out 陈列,显示;动身,起程;制定
    set up 创立,建立,树立;资助,扶持
    show in 领入
    show off 炫耀,卖弄
    第十组
    show up 使呈现,使醒目
    shut out 排除
    sit in 列席,旁听
    sit up 迟睡,熬夜
    speed up 使加速
    stand out 突出,显眼
    stand up 站起来,耐用
    step up 提高,加快,加紧
    step in 插入,介入
    stick out 伸出,突出;坚持到底,继续
    take away 消除;消耗
    take down 记下,写下
    take off 拿走,脱下;起飞
    take on 呈现;接纳,承担,从事
    take over 接管,接办
    take up 占据;开始;拿起,接收
    take up with 和 …… 交往,忍受,采用

  • 初中英语常用介词短语列举:
    1)at once 立刻         
    2)at last 最后
    3)at first 起先,首先        
    4)at the age of… 在……岁时
    5)at the end of… 在……之末      
    6)at the beginning of… 在……之初
    7)at the foot of… 在……脚下      
    8)at the same time 同时
    9)at night/noon 在夜里/中午      
    10)with one's help 在某人的帮助下,由于某人的帮助
    11)with the help of … 在……的帮助下    
    12)with a smile 面带笑容
    13)with one's own eyes 亲眼看见     
    14)after a while 过了一会儿
    15)from now on 从现在起       
    16)from then on 从那时起
    17)far example 例如        
    18)far away from 远离
    19)from morning till night 从早到晚    
    20)by and by 不久
    21)by air mail 寄航空邮件  
    22)by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车
    23)by ordinary mail 寄平信  
    24)by the way 顺便说
    25)by the window 在窗边
    26)by the end of… 到……底为止
    27)little by little 逐渐地  
    28)in all 总共
    29)in fact 事实上  
    30)in one's twenties 在某人二十几岁时
    31)in a hurry 匆忙  
    32)in the middle of 在……中间
    33)in no time (in a minute) 立刻,很快  
    34)in time (on time) 及时
    35)in public 公众,公开地  
    36)in order to 为了……
    37)in front of 在……前面
    38)in the sun 在阳光下
    39)in the end 最后,终于
    40)in surprise 惊奇地
    41)in turn 依次  
    42)of course 当然
    43)a bit (of) 有一点儿  
    44)a lot of 许多
    45)a little 一点儿  
    46)on one's way to 某人在去……的路上
    47)on foot 步行,走路  
    48)a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告
    49)on the other hand 另一方面  
    50)at/on the weekend 在周末
    51)on the left (right) 在左(右)边  
    52)on the other side of 在……另一边
    53)on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播) 
    54)to one's joy 使……高兴的是
    55)to one's surprise 使……惊讶的是 

考点名称:一般疑问句

  • 一般疑问句:
    是疑问句的一种。通常用yes,no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。口语中若无特殊含义,句末用升调。
    其结构是:系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分? 
    通常回答为:   
    肯定:Yes+主语+提问的助动词   
    否定:No+主语+提问的助动词+not 
    例如:
    Are you from Japan?   Yes, I am./No, I'm not.
    Do you live near your school? Yes, I do./No, I don't. 
    Can you speak French?  Yes, I can./No, I can't.

  • 一般疑问句的特性:
    1.将陈述句变为一般疑问句时,如句中有be 动词(am/ is/ are)时,可直接将它们提至主语前。
    如主语为第一人称,应将其改为第二人称。如:
    I'm in Class 2Grade 1. →Are you in Class 2Grade 1﹖
    We're watching TV. →Are you watching TV﹖
    2.陈述句中有情态动词(can、may、must …)时,也可直接将它们提至主语前,即可成为一般疑问句。如:
    He can swim now. →Can he swim now﹖
    The children may come with us. → May the children come with us﹖
    3.陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时,变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does主语后的实义动词用原形。如:
    I like these animals. →Do you like these animals﹖
    She wants to go to the movies. → Does she want to go to the movies﹖
    4.一般疑问句一般读升调(↑)
    5.一般疑问句有时不用yes或 no 回答。如:
    Are they in town now﹖
    I think so.
    May I sit here﹖
    Certainly.
    Does he like soccer﹖
    Sorry I don't know.
    6. 一般疑问句的第一单词总是虚词,读的时候要读轻声。

  • 陈述句变为一般疑问句技巧:
    根据一般疑问句不同的家族,可以用不同的方法将陈述句变为相应的一般疑问句。
    1、第一家族:含be动词或情态动词的句子
    秘诀:一调二改三问号
    一调:即把句中的be或情态动词调到主语前;
    二改:改换主语称谓,即将句中的主语I\my \mines\we\our\ours等。第一人称分别改为相应的第二人称you\your\ yours等;
    三问号:句末的句号改为问号。如:
    Eg. I am an English teacher.    →    Are you an English teacher?
    Eg. We can speak English fluently.   →    Can you speak English fluently?

    2、第二家族:含行为动词(或称为实义动词)的句子
    秘诀:一加二改三问号
    一加:即在句首加助动词Do或Does;
    二改:1、把谓语动词改为原形;2、改换主语称谓(同第一家组);
    三问号:句末的句号改为问号。
    Eg. We read English every morning. → Do you read English every morning?
    Eg. Tom’s father listens to English on the radio every evening. →Does Tom’s father listen to English on the radio every evening?
    特别注意:对于第二家族一定要注意动词的还原,因为时态与数的变化已经体现在助动词上了。

    3、加强记忆口诀:
    肯变一,并不难,can 或be提在前;
    谓语若为行为动,do 或does句首用。

考点名称:直接引语,间接引语

  • 直接引语和间接引语:
    引用别人的话有两种方式,一种是讲述别人的原话,并把它放在引号里,这叫直接引语;
    另一种是用自己的话来转述别人,并且不能用引号,这就是间接引语。直接引语和间接引语之间可以互相转换。

  • 直接引语和间接引语关系:
    直接引语:直接引述别人的话(句子中有“”)。
    间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,叫“间接引语”(句子中一般无“”) 
    间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意以下几点:
    人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
    1.直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that 引导。例如:
    She said, "I am very happy to help you."→She said that she was very happy to help you.
    2. 直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句,变成间接引语时,由连词whether或if 引导。例如:
    He asked me, "Do you like playing football?"→He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.
    注意:大多数情况下,if和whether 可以互换,但后有or not,或在动词不定式前,或放在介词后作连接词时,一般只用whether。例如:
    She asked me whether he could do it or not.
    He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.
    3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如:
    My sister asked me, "How do you like the film?"→My sister asked me how I liked the film.
    4. 直接引语是祈使句,变成间接引语时,把动词原形变成动词不定式,并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。例如:
    The captain ordered, "Be quiet."→The captain ordered us to be quiet.
    注意:此种情况的否定句,在动词不定式前加not。
    My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh."→My teacher asked me not to laugh.

     一些注意事项:
    (1)如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:
    The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."
    →The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
    (2)如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如:
    He said to me, "I was born in 1973."
    →He told me that he was born in 1973.

    (3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:
    He said, "I'm a boy, not a girl."
    →He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.

    (4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作,
    在变为间接引时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:
    The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."
    →The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.

    (5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,
    在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变。如:
    He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."
    →He told me that he had taught English since he came here.

    (6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,
    在变为间接引语时,这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如:
    The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."
    →The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.
    He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."
    →He said that he could swim when he was only six.
     
    (7)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如:
    He asked Lucy, "Where did you go?"→He asked Lucy where she went.
    Tom said, "What do you want, Ann?"→Tom asked Ann what she wanted.

  • 直接引语变间接引语:
    A.一般不表示请求或祈使的句子改为一个宾语从句
    1.连词
    若直接引语引号里的内容是陈述句,那么改为间接时,要用连词 that (可以省略)
    ……………….一般疑问句,…….,要用连词 if/whether (不可以省略)
    ……………….特殊疑问句,…….,要用连词 wh- 即特殊疑问词本身(不可省)
    2.变化
    (1)主句动词的变化
    一般说来,主句谓语动词常为said或said to,变为间接引语时,当直接引语是陈述句时,said不变。
    当直接引语是一般疑问句和特殊疑问句时,则要把said或said to变为asked / asked sb.
    (2)从句人称的变化
    由直接引语变间接引语时,从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。
    ①直接引语的主语是第一人称变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致。
    ②如果直接引语的主语是第二人称变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致。
    ③如果直接引语的主语是第三人称变为间接引语时,人称不变。例如:
    ①They said, “We will go there by bus.” →They said they would go there by bus.
    ②She said to me, “Are you interested in science?” →She asked me if I was interested in science.
    ③His mother said to me, “He can't go to school.” →His mother told me that he couldn't go to school.
    (3)、从句动词时态的变化
    a. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时,从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态。
    ①一般现在时→一般过去时;
    ②一般过去时→过去完成时;
    ③现在进行时→过去进行时;
    ④现在完成时→过去完成时;
    ⑤过去完成时→过去完成时(不变);
    ⑥一般将来时→过去将来时。例如:
    The girl said, “I'm sorry for being late for class.” →The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.
    b. 直接引语变为间接引语时,如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语从句的时态保持不变。例如:
    He says, “I have finished my homework.” →He says that he has finished his homework.
    She will say, “I'll do it tomorrow.” →She will say that she'll do it the next day.
    c. 直接引语如果是客观事实或真理,变为间接引语时,从句时态不变。例如:
    The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.” →The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
    (4)、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
    直接引语变为间接引语时,指示代词的变化为this→that, these→those等;
    时间状语的变化为now→then, today→that day, yesterday→the day before, tomorrow→the next day等;
    地点状语的变化为here→there;动词的变化为come→go(go 不要变come)。例如:
    1. She said, “I will come this evening.” →She said that she would go that evening.
    2. He said, “My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.” →He said that his sister had been there three days before, but she was not there then.

    B.表示请求或祈使的句子改为句型tell/ask/order sb (not) to do sth
    当直接引语引号里的内容表示要求时用tell sb (not) to do sth
    当直接引语引号里的内容表示请求时用ask sb (not) to do sth
    当直接引语引号里的内容表示强制要求时用order sb (not) to do sth



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