句型转换。1. You can take the escalator to the second floor and get to the cafe. (对画线部分提问) Ithe second floor and get to the cafe?2. The New Year's pa-九年级英语打印页面

句型转换。1. You can take the escalator to the second floor and get to the cafe. (对画线部分提问) Ithe second floor and get to the cafe?2. The New Year's pa-九年级英语

[db:作者] 2019-12-31 00:00:00 互联网

题文

句型转换。
1. You can take the escalator to the second floor and get to the cafe. (对画线部分提问)
                                     I                              the second floor and get to the cafe?
2. The New Year's party was very organized and enjoyable. (对画线部分提问)
                                     the New Year's party?
3.I haven't seen a TV play for long, and Lily hasn't either. (变为同义句)
                    I                 Lily ________ seen a TV play for long.
4. The man on the bike is Jim. (改为含有定语从句的复合句)
    The man ________        ____           ____ the bike         ____ Jim.
5. If it doesn't rain tomorrow, they'll go to the park. (改为同义句)
                   it                  tomorrow, they'll go to the park.
题型：句型转换  难度：中档

答案

1. How can; get to
2. How was
3. Neither; nor; has
4. who is on; is
5. Unless; rains

据专家权威分析，试题“句型转换。1. You can take the escalator to the second floor..”主要考查你对频度副词，关系代词，疑问副词，实义动词的单数第三人称形式，动词短语等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：

频度副词关系代词疑问副词实义动词的单数第三人称形式动词短语

考点名称：频度副词

频度副词：
是表示动作发生频率的词。
常见的有：
ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually,continually, always 等。
例如：He often came to see us.
She always was late.
常见频度副词在表示程度上有别，按频率大小排列如下：
always（100%）>usually（80%）>often（60%）>sometimes（40%）>seldom（20%）>hardly (10%)>never（0%）
常见程度副词用法列举:
◆always 频率最高，表示动作重复、状态继续，表示“一直、总是”，其反义词为never。always等与not连用时，表示部分否定。如：
The rich are not always happy. 有钱的人并不总是快乐的。
如果要变为否定句，应将always改为never才能全部否定。如：
Li Ping is always late for school. 李平上学总是迟到。
Li Ping is never late for school. 李平上学从不迟到。（全部否定）
Li Ping is not always late for school. 李平上学不总是迟到。（部分否定）
频度副词通常和一般现在时连用，表示动作发生的频率。但always与进行时连用时，并不强调动作正在进行，而是表示赞叹、厌烦等情绪。如：
He is always thinking of others. 他总是想着别人。（赞叹）
She is always asking silly questions. 她总是问些愚蠢的问题。（厌烦）
The boy is always asking for money. 这个小男孩总是要钱。（厌烦）

◆usually意为“通常”，表示习惯性动作或状态，很少有例外。如：
We usually go to school at seven in the morning. 我们通常在早上七点上学。
My mother and I usually go shopping on Sundays. 我和妈妈通常在星期天去买东西。

◆Often意为“经常，时常”，表示反复性的动作或状态，中间有间断，不如usually那么频繁。其反义词是seldom。often在句尾时常被very或quite修饰。如：
It often rains here in April. 这儿四月份常下雨。
he boys often eat noodles and the girls sometimes eat them. 男生经常吃面条，女生有时吃。
I often chat with my friends under the big tree. 我经常在这棵大树下和朋友聊天。
He writes to his friends quite often. 他常给他的朋友写信。

◆sometimes意为“有时”，频率不及often，表示动作偶尔发生，间断时间较长。其位置比较灵活，放在句首、句中、句末都可。如：
Sometimes we go to the cinema and at other times we go for a walk.
有时我们去看电影，有时我们去散步。
I sometimes watch TV in the evening. 我有时晚上看电视。
My father has lunch in the factory sometimes. 我父亲有时在工厂吃午饭。

◆seldom意为“很少”；never意为“从不”。这两个副词表示否定意义，动作几乎不会发生。如：
He seldom eats breakfast. 他很少吃早餐。
The little girl seldom goes out. 这个小女孩很少外出。
I will never forget your kindness. 我永远忘不了你的好意。
The boys never eat chocolate and the girls seldom eat it. 男生从不吃巧克力，女生很少吃。
Btter late than never. [谚语] 迟到（迟做）总比不来（不做）好。

◆hardly具有否定意义，表示“几乎不、简直不”，除非特殊情况，否则不会发生。如：
The boy is so young that he could hardly understand it. 这个孩子太小了，不可能懂得这件事。

◆对上述频度副词提问时，用how often。如：
I write to my brother sometimes.
→How often do you write to your brother？
频度副词在句中不同位置的用法比较:
一、频度副词在否定句中的用法
在否定句中，有的频度副词位于否定词之前或之后均可，而有的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后，而还有的频度副词却必须要位于否定词。
大致情况如下：
1. 频度副词usually和often可位于否定词not之前或之后。
他们不常开这样的晚会。
正：They don’t often hold such parties.
正：They often don’t hold such parties.
星期日我们一般不在9点以前起床。
正：We don’t usually get up before nine on Sundays.
正：We usually don’t get up before nine on Sundays.
在否定句中，频度副词用于句中或句首，有时但会导致意思不同。
He doesn’t usually sleep for two days at a time. 他很少一连睡两天。
Usually he doesn’t sleep for two days at a time. 他连续两天不睡觉是常事。
2. 频度副词always总是位于否定词之后，不可位于否定句之前。
Things are not always what they seem to be. 外表往往是靠不住的。
Silence must not always be read as consent. 沉默并不见得一定意味着同意。
3. 频度副词sometimes总是位于否定词之前，不可位于否定词之后。
Jim is sometimes not very punctual. 吉姆有时不太准时。
Debbie is sometimes not responsible for what she does. 黛比有时对她所做的事不负责任。

二、频度副词位于句末的用法
1.sometimes常可用于句末。如：
We all get into trouble sometimes. 我们有时都会遇到麻烦。
You can’t work all the time，it does you good to go out and enjoy yourself sometimes.
你不能总是工作，有时出去放松一下会对你有好处。
2. often有时可置于句末，但通常会带有very, quite, fairly, more, so等修饰语。如：
We’ve been there quite often. 经常去那里。
When I was young, I used to play tennis very often. 我年轻时经常打网球。
Diana used to travel a lot. These days she doesn’t go away so often.
娜过去经常旅游。最近她不常出门了。
We're not exactly on intimate terms, but we see each other fairly often.
虽算不上关系密切，但还常见面。
注：有时也可不带修饰语，但主要见于否定句或疑问句。如：
He writes to me often. 他经常给我写信。
Do you come here often? 你常来这儿吗?
I don’t come here often. 我不常来这儿。
3. usually有时也用于句末，其前不用修饰语。
I’m not late, usually. 我通常不迟到。
I get paid on Fridays usually. 我通常在星期五领工资。
4.seldom 一般不用于句末，除非其前带有only，very等修饰。
We go out very seldom. 我们绝少外出。
I play basketball very seldom indeed. 我很少打篮球。
5. always一般不用于句末，偶尔用于句末，此时它不表法“总是”，而表示“永远”。
I’ll love you always. 我将永远爱你。
另外，有时用于句末是因为句子有所省略的缘故。
Generally they walked together on Sunday, but not always.
他们一般在星期日一起散步，但并不总是如此。
句中的but not always=but they didn’t always walk together on Sunday。

三、频度副词位于句首的用法
1. sometimes常可用于句首。
Sometimes she comes late. 有时她来得晚。
Sometimes she didn’t agree with me. 有时她和我意见不一致。
Sometimes we get a lot of rain in August. 有时在8月份雨水很大。
2. often用于句首时，通常表示强调，且其前一般有quite, very修饰。
Very often he comes in late. 他常常迟到。
Quite often the phone rings when I’m in the bath. 电话经常在我洗澡时响。
3.usually有时也用于句首，其前不用修饰语。
Usually I get up early. 我平时起得早。
Sometimes he comes by bus, but usually he comes by taxi.
有时他坐公共汽车来，不过他通常还是打的来。
Usually cooking pots have two small handles but pans have one long handle.
通常地深底煮锅有两只把手而平底锅只有一个长长的把手。
4.always一般不用于句首，除非是用在祈使句中。
Always remember this. 请时刻记住这一点。
Always look in the mirror before starting to drive. 一定要先看看反光镜再开车。
另外，never也可用于祈使句的句首。
Never tell him the news. 千万不要告诉他这消息。
Never ask her about her marriage. 决不要问她结婚的事。
5.在正式文体中，表示否定意义的副词seldom, never可位于句首，但此时其后要用倒装语序。
Seldom has there been such a happy meeting. 过去很少有过这样愉快的会议。
Never did he think the book would be finished so soon. 他可没想到这本书会这么快看完
另外，once a year (每年一次), twice a week (每周两次), three times a day (一天三次), every Saturday afternoon（每星期六下午）等，
这些时间状语也表示频率，它们可以和频度副词用在同一个句子中，表达上没有重复。如：
We usually go to the cinema four times a month. 我们通常一个月看四次电影。
频度副词的用法：
频度副词是副词的一种,在初中阶段常用的有四个,即always, usually,often,sometimes。它们的用法如下:
一、频度副词在句中的位置。
1.频度副词在句中习惯上位于be动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前。如:
She is often late for school.她上学经常迟到。
He usually goes to bed at about 12.他通常(午夜)十二点钟睡觉。
When do you usually get up in the morning?早上你通常什么时候起床？
2.sometimes是个特殊的频度副词,既可以放在be动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前,也可以放在句首,还可以放在句尾。如:
I sometimes think that it is a great mistake.我有时想这是一个大错。
Sometimes I help my mother in the house.有时候我帮助妈妈做家务。
3.often可以放在句中,也可放在句尾,习惯上不放在句首。如:
We have been there quite often.我们经常到那儿去。
She writes to me often. 她经常给我写信。
4.如果有两个助动词，频度副词通常放在第一个助动词后面。如：

We have never been invited to one of their parties. 他们聚会，一次也没邀请过我们。

She must sometimes have wanted to run away. 她有时候一定想到过要逃走。
5.这些频度副词的位置与句中谓语动词有无助动词有关。句中没有助动词时,副词置于动词be之后,其它动词之前。
频度副词位于助动词之前两种情况：
①为了表示强调，频度副词有时也可位于动词be、助动词、情态动词之前，此时助动词等应重读。如：
She always was late. 她老是迟到。
I never can remember. 我永远也记不住。
②在简略答语中，当频度副词与动词be、助动词或情态动词位于句末时，频度副词必须前置。
—“Philip is late again.”
—“Yes, he always is.”
—“菲利普又迟到了。”
—“是的，他总是迟到。”
— “Can you park your car near the shops?”
—“Yes. I usually can.”
— “你可以在商店附近停车吗?”
—“是的，通常可以。”
6.频度副词后的动词可以是动词的任何形式，具体什么形式和频度副词本身没有关系。
如：
I have never been to the moon.
He sometimes goes to school by bike.

二、表示频度方面的区别：
1.always是频度最大的词,意为"总是；永远"。如:
I shall always remember my first day at school.我将永远记住我上学的第一天。
2.usually意为"通常",即很少例外,频度仅次于always。如:
What do you usually have for breakfast?你通常早餐吃什么？
3.often意为"经常",在频度上不如usually那么频繁。如:
Li Ping often does his homework in the afternoon.李平经常在下午做作业。
4.sometimes意为"有时候",频度比often小,表示动作偶尔发生,间断较大。如:
1.I sometimes go to the library.我有时去图书馆。
2.Sometimes I read a book in the evening.我有时在晚上看书。

三、频度副词与not连用时,表示部分否定；对频度副词进行提问时,要用how often。如:
1.A great scholar is not always a very wise man.大学者未必一定是极聪明的人。
2.We go to the cinema sometimes.(对划线部分提问)
How often do you go to the cinema?

考点名称：关系代词

关系代词：
用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。
关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分，它在先行词和定语之间起纽带作用。
主要的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which和that。
①who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；
whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语；
whose在定语从句中作定语，其先行词既可以是人也可以是物。
例如：The teacher who/whom you want to see has come.
②which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
例如：Here is the coat which will be made to you.
③that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
例如：I have eaten bread that/which he gave to me.
关系代词的基本用法：
（1）引导定语从句
关系代词代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如：
The girl whom I spoke to is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。
（该句中whom既代表先行词the girl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。）
This is the pencil whose point is broken.这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。
(whose 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语)
He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他重新回来都忘记了他的那本书。
（which指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）
（2）which为其先行词。例如：
He said he saw me there, which was a lie.他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。
（3）其他用法
关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略，例如：
I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。
He's changed. He's not the man he was.他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。
注释：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略，that在从句中作表语时也可省略。
非限定性定语从句中，不能用that作关系代词。
关系代词的语法注意:
1.常用that 不用which的情况:
①先行词为all, anything, everything, nothing, something等时。
I will do all (that) I can to help you.
②先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very等所修饰时。
He was the only person that joined the army in his village that year.
③先行词既有人,又有物时
They talked about the people and the things (that)they remembered in the school.
④当主句是以who 或which开头的疑问句时, 定语从句用that 引导, 以避免重复。
Who is the boy that was here just now?
2. 若被修饰的名词充当从句介词宾语时
介词可提前于引导词之前,此时的引导词只能用whom 或which.
The pencil with which he was writing broke.
3. 当先行词为way时
其后的定语从句用in which或 that引导,也可不用引导词。
I don’t like the way (in which/that) he talks to me.

used to/be used to的分别：
①used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。
Mother used not to be so forgetful.
②be used to + doing：对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。
Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)
③used to 的用法（否定式简写为usedn't）过去经常，以前常常
This used to be a shabby house. （此房年久失修）
used to,would这两个词语都可以表示过去常做某事，有时可以换用。
used to do 强调过去习惯性的行为或状态，但是现在没有这种行为或状态了。因此，这个短语的内涵是今昔对比。
关系代词的用法:
一、不用that的情况
在引导非限定性定语从句时 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
介词后不能用We depend on the land from which we get our food.

二、只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a.在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b.在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c.先行词有the only, the very.（恰恰，正好）.any. few. little. no. all 修饰时，只用that。
d.先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。
e.先行词既有人，又有物时。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

三、不能用关系代词Which 的几种情况
1.当先行词为all, little, much, few, everything, none 等不定代词时关系代词用that而不用which.
There are few books that you can read in this book store.
2.当先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that, 不用which.
He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.
3.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词用that, 而不用which.
Guilin is one of the most beautiful cities that I have ever visited.
4.当先行词有序数词修饰时，关系代词用that, 不用which.
The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him.
5.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时，关系代词用that,不用which.
It is the only book that he bought himself.
6.当先行词被all, every, any, much, little, few, no等修饰时，关系代词用that,不用which.
There is no clothes that fit you here.
7.当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，定语从句关系代词一般用that而不用which.
Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?
8.在强调句型" It is ... that ..." 中,只用that,不用which.
It is in this room that he was born twenty years ago.
9.在" such (the same) ... as ..." 句型中,关系代词要用as, 而不用which.
We need such materials as (not which) can bear high temperature.
10.表示" 正如... 那样 "，" 正象..." 之意时，用as, 不用which.
Mary was late again, as had been expected.
11.As 引导的定语从句可以放在主句前面，也可以放在主句后面或主句中间，而由 which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面。
As we all know, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.

关系代词可以省略的情况:
1.关系代词which,whom,who,that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
Here is the man (who/that/whom)you're been looking for.
2.当that在从句中作补语时可以省略。
She is all (that) a teacher should be.
3.在there be 结构中出现定语从句，或在定语从句中出现there be 时，用作主语的关系代词也可省略。
This is the best dictionary (that) there is in the library.
4.状语的省略
（1）当先行词是reason，而且定语从句中作原因状语时，关系代词可用why,that,也可以省略。
That is the reason (why) I did it.
（2）当先行词是way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可用in which,that,也可以省略。
I don't know the way that/ which leads to the top of the mountains.
（3）当先行词是time时，关系代词可用when,that 或省略。
I don't know the exact time (when/that) the sports meet will take place.
注意：关系代词作宾语有时也不能省略。

关系代词不能省略情况：
1.在介词+whom与介词+which中，whom,which不能省略。
That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.
2.在非限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。
The elephant is like a spear,as anybody can see.
3.在the same ...as,such...as,as...as,the same...that中，as,that即使作宾语，也不能省略I have bought the same bicycle as you have (bought). (指同类用as)
This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday. (that指同一个)
4.当由and,but,or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时，第一个关系代词可省，但第二，第三个不可省略。
This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I find very interesting.
关系代词格式：
关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。that的用法最广，that可指人也可指物。
见表：

限定性
指人

非限定性
指物

限定性
指人或指物

主格

who

which

that

宾格

whom

that

that

属格

whose

of which
whose

of which
whose
特殊关系代词的用法：
关系词通常是用来引导定语从句的,但as,than和but这三个词却与which, who, that, where, when和why等典型的关系词不同。
三者本身具有常见的字面意义,前面有名词作先行词,但后面的定语从句却不像典型的定语从句。
这些既像连接词又像关系词的词,我们就姑且称它们为准关系词。
一、 as作为准关系代词出现在the same ... as, such ... as, 和as ... as等结构中。
这时, as前面通常要有名词;
as后面的从句意义上不像是通常的定语从句;
as需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
1. the same ... as
1) as在从句中作主语
　　She is the same person as came here last Sunday. 她就是上星期天来这儿的那个人。
　　2) as在从句中作宾语
　　This is the same watch as I lost while I was doing the sightseeing in Shanghai three months ago. 这块表跟我三个月前在上海观光时丢失的那块一样。
　　3) as在从句中作be动词的表语
　　China is not the same country as it used to be. 中国已今非昔比。
　　4) as在从句中作行为方式状语
　　You should learn to do housework in the same way as your mother does it. 你应该学会像你母亲那样做家务活。
2. such ... as
　　1) as在从句中作主语
　　Let children read such books as tend to make them better and brighter. 让孩子看那些容易让他们变得更好更聪明的书。
　　2) as在从句中作宾语
　　This is not such an interesting book as you just talked about. 这不是你们刚才谈到的那种有趣的书。
　　3) as在从句中作be动词的表语
　　Such a bad man as he is will be punished. 像他这样的坏人一定会受到惩罚。
3. as ... as
　　1) 第二个as在从句中作主语
　　He has as much money as is required. 他要多少钱就有多少钱。
　　2) 第二个as在从句中作宾语
　　I have as many friends as you (do). 我的朋友和你的朋友一样多。
　　3) 第二个as在从句中作be动词的表语
　　As is known to all, Taiwan is one of the Chinese provinces。众所周知,台湾是中国的一个省。

二、than作为准关系词出现在more ... than, less ... than, fewer ... than等结构中。这时, than前面要有名词; than本身有比较意义,而且需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
　　1. than在从句中作主语
　　Take it easy, I have more money than is needed. 放心，我的钱比所需要的还要多。
　　2. than在从句中作宾语
　　I have more/fewer books than you (do). 我的书比你的多/少。
　　3. than在从句中作be动词的表语
　　He is a better boy than you (are). 他是一个比你更好的男孩。
三、but作为准关系词本身含有否定意义,它前面的主句还有另一个否定意义。这时but在意义上相当于“who ... not ...”或“which/that ... not ...”。
　　1.定语从句中有be动词,并将其改为含but的复合句时, be动词后面不能再有not
　　There is no one who is not conccrned about his future. (= There is no one but is concerned about his future.) 没有人不关心自己的未来?
　　2. 定语从句中有can, will, shall, must, may, should, ought to等助动词或情态动词,在将其改为含but的复合句时,这些助动词或情态动词后面不能再有not
　　There is nothing that she can’t do. (= There is nothing but she can do.) 没有她做不到的事?
　　3. 定语从句中有助动词do, does, did, 在将其改为含but的复合句时,应去掉do, does, did, 还原其后动词的时态及人称变化
　　There is no one who doesn’t wish to make great achievements. (= There is no one but wishes to make great achievements.) 谁都希望自己将来能有所成就。
四、which的先行词：关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子
　　He said he saw me there, which was a lie。他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。
说明：关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略
　　I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew。我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。

考点名称：疑问副词

疑问副词：
用来引导特殊疑问句，表示时间，地点，方式，原因等。
常见的有：when,where,how,why等。
疑问副词的用法：
1.疑问副词是问何时、何地、如何、因何的副词，主要有when, where, how, why。

2.疑问副词用在句首。
How long have you been staying in America?
你在美国待多久了?

3.疑问副词在句中引导名词子句。
I want to know where she has gone.
我想知道她去哪里了。

4.疑问副词后接不定词构成的名词片语，在句中可以作主词、受词或主词补语。
How to solve the problem gives him a bad headache.
如何解决这个问题使他伤透脑筋。
（How to solve the problem作主词。）
I don't know how to answer the question.
我不知道如何回答这个问题。
（how to answer the question作受词。）
The patient is in urgent need the medicine, but the problem is where to get it.
这个病人急需这种药,但问题是哪里能找到。
（where to get it作主词补语。）

5.疑问副词引导的名词子句可作主词、受词或主词补语。
When we are to start the competition hasn't fixed yet.
我们什么时候开始比赛还没有定下来。
（When we are to start the competition作主词。）
She asked her husband where he had been.
她问她丈夫去哪里了。
（where he had been 作受词。）
The question is when we can finish our work.
问题是我们何时能完成我们的工作。
（when we can finish our work作主词补语。）
疑问代词与疑问副词的区别：
1. 疑问代词做对陈述句的主语，宾语或定语提问，即做句子的主语，宾语或定语，如what, who/ whom, whose.
eg. Who is talking ? What can you see?
Whose shirt is this?
2.疑问副词对时间，地点，方式等状语提问，如when, where, how 等.
eg. When is your birthday? Where are you going?
How do you know?
常见的疑问代词：what who which whom(只做宾语）
疑问副词：how where when
还有whether是疑问连接词。

考点名称：实义动词的单数第三人称形式

在一般现在时的肯定句中，当主语为非第三人称单数时，谓语动词用原形；
当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词用单数第三人称形式。

实义动词的一般现在时的单数第三人称形式遵从“s，es, ies”六字母规则。如下表所示：

规则动词原形第三人称
单数形式

s 一般在词尾加s（读音规则：
清清浊浊元浊，
在清辅音后读清辅音/s/,
在浊辅音和元音后读/z/） stop
take
clean
play
grow stops/s/
takes/s/
cleans/z/
plays/z/
grows/z/

es 以,x,ch,sh,或o结尾的动词
加-es（读/iz/） pass
fix
wash
watch
do passes
fixes
washes
watches
does

ies 以辅音字母
加y结尾的动词，变y为ies(读/iz/) fly
carry
hurry flies
carries
hurries
实意动词单数第三人称变化规律：
注意：不规则变化的有have—has， be—is， go—goes， do—does

一般现在时，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式
主语是第三人称单数有以下几种情况：

（1）不可数名词做主语：
Some water is in the glass

（2）单个的可数名词做主语：

The girl is Chinese.  My watch is on the dresser.

（3） He ,she , it 等代词单个做主语:
He is in the tree. She likes her family very much.
（4）单个的人名，地名或称呼作主语：
Mary is a doctor.  Uncle Li speaks a little English.
Changchun is a beautiful city.

（5）指示代词this, that 等作主语:
This is a pear.  That is an apple .

（6） Everyone, everything ,something, nobody, nothing.等不定代词作主语时
Is everyone here today?   Everything is ok .

（7）单个数字作主语时：
”8” is a good number in China.

动词单数第三人称形式的一般现在时的句子的否定句、疑问句及特殊疑问句。    <?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

否定句：
在主语的后面实义动词前加doesn’t(注意实义动词应恢复原形。)

主语（单三）+doesn’ + 动词原形+其他

Jim likes football变否定： Jim doesn’t like football

He has lunch at school. 变否定：He doesn’t have lunch at school.

一般疑问句及答语，在句子前面加助动词does. 实义动词恢复原形

Does +主语（单三）+ 动词原形+其他

Does your father work ? Yes, he does. /No, he doesn’t

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

特殊疑问词+ does +主语（单三）+ 动词原形+其他

Where does a bird live ?

How does she go to school？

考点名称：动词短语

动词短语：
由动词和动短语成，或以动词为中心，功能同动词的短语叫动词短语,动词短语是动词的一种固定搭配形式，动词短语的搭配可分为下列四种基本类型。
动词短语搭配形式：
1．动词+副词
①作及物动词，例：
He brought up his children strictly．　　
从以上的例句中可以看出，在“动词+副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况：
宾语如是名词，则可置于副词后面，亦可置于动词和副词之间。
而如果宾语是代词，只能置于动词后面，即动词和副词之间。　　
②作不及物动词，例：　　
Something unexpected has turned up．出现了令人意外的情况。（turn up=appear）　　
③既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，例：　　
The barrel of gunpowder blew up．（不及物）火药桶爆炸了。　　
The soldiers blew up the bridge．（及物）士兵们把桥炸毁了。

2．动词+介词
动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词，宾语总是在介词后面，例：
I don’t much care for television．我不很喜欢电视。（care for=like）

3．动词+副词+介词
在这类动词短语中，动词、副词、介词紧密结合，是动副词组和动介词组的合成体，词义上相当于一个及物动词。
它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点，但宾语总是位于介词之后，例：
We must work hard to make up for lost time．我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。（make up for＝compensate）

4．动词+名词
这类动词短语中的常见动词是have，take，give，make等，
后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词，并表达了短语动词的真正意义，例：　　
Let’s have another try．让我们再试一下。（have a try=v．try）　

5．动词+名词+介词　　
这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语总是位于介词之后，
例：Keep an eye on the baby while I am out．我不在家时请照看一下小孩子。　　

6．be+形容词（包括过去分词作形容词）+介词　　
这类动词短语也相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后面，形容词是短语动词的真正词义，
例：I know he is slow at understanding，but you have to be patient with him. 我知道他理解力差，但你得对他耐心些。
动词短语与短语动词:
<?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />一、短语动词
(1)短语动词常常是两个词（一个动词+一个副词性小品）构成，如：wake up , get up ,turn out 等。

(2)同一个动词后面可以有不同的副词性小品词，构成不同意义的短语动词。如：He turn on the radio .Bob turned out smiling.

(3）短语动词用法普遍，尤其在非正式语言中：

我们可以说 He awoke late the following morning .但这太正式了。

我们通常说 He woke up late the following morning .

短语动词的类型

Here is a page from Mr Jones` diary :

Monday ,February 5th.

*有些短语动词不带宾语：

The car broke down .Cigarette prices are going up.

*多数主短语动词可以带宾语，宾语通常在副词性小品词的前或后：

动词+副词性小品词+宾语动词+宾语+副词性小品词

I rang up a garage. I rang a garage up.

如果宾语较长，则通常放在副词之后：

I filled in an application form.(不说 I filled an application form in .)

如果宾语是代词，其结构通常如下：

动词+代词+副词性小品词

I put it down.(不说 I put down it .)

*有些短语动词是由三个词构成的（动词+副词性小品词+介词），这样，宾语就只能放在介词后面：

I don`t get on with the people at work.

短语动词由动词加上介词或副词小品词构成。比如：
1. 由动词break构成的常见短语动词有：
break away (from) 突然逃离；断绝往来，脱离；改掉，破除
break down （机器等）坏了；（计划等）失败；（谈话等）中断；（健康等）变坏；感情失去控制
break in 突然进来，强行进入；插嘴，打岔；训练，使适应
break into 强行进入；突然…起来；打断，插嘴；占用时间
break off 停止讲话；暂停，休息；（使）折断
break out （火灾、战争等）突然发生，爆发
break through 突破；克服，征服；强行穿过；（太阳等）从云层里出来
break up 解散，驱散；（学校等）放假；结束，破裂；击碎；绝交
break with 与…绝交，与…决裂
2. 又如由bring构成的常用短语动词有：
bring about 引起，实现，导致
bring (a)round 使改变观点或看法；使苏醒；顺便把某人带来串门
bring back 送还；使想起，使恢复
bring down 击落；打死，打伤；使倒下；降低
bring forth 产生，引起，结果
bring in 收获；获利；介绍，引进；聘请；逮捕
bring off 从船上救出；设法做成
bring on 带来，引起；促使生长；帮助提高
bring out 取出，拿出；显示出，使出来；出版
bring over 说服，使改变（思想等）
bring through 使度过（困难，危机等）
bring together 使和解
bring up 提出，提起；抚养，培养；呕吐

二、动词短语
动词短语由动词加上宾语或状语构成。如：
break a glass 打破一个玻璃杯
break one’s leg 摔断腿
break a window 打破窗户
break the rules 违反规定
break a bad habit 改掉坏习惯
break the world record 打破世界记录
bread easily 容易断
break to pieces 破成碎片
bring a book 带来一本书
bring sb sth 给某人带来某物
bring sb great satisfaction 给某人带来极大的快慰
bring death and famine 导致死亡和饥荒
初中英语动词短语整理：
1. break
break down破坏，出毛病，拆开
break off暂停，中断
break in破门而入，打断
break into破门而入，突然…起来
break out爆发
break away from打破陈规；奋力挣脱；放弃习惯
break through 出现，突破
break up打碎，拆散，分裂、分解

2. call
call at a place (车船等)停靠;到某地拜访。
call away 叫走，叫开…;转移(注意力等)。
call back唤回; 回电话;
call for需要，要求
call for sth (sb) 喊着叫某人来，喊着叫人取来某物
call in 叫进，请进; 找来，请来;来访；收回
call off取消; 叫走，转移开
call (up)on sb 拜访或看望某人
call sb sth 为某人叫某物
call (up)on sb to do sth
叫(请)某人做某事
call up给…打电话; 想起，回忆起; 召集，应召入伍
call out大喊，高叫; 叫出去

3. come
come down下跌，落，降，传下来
come in进来
come out出版，结果是
come on来临/ 快点
come along一道来，赶快
come over走过来
come up发芽，走近
come back回来
come from来自，源自

4. cut
cut down砍倒，削减
cut up连根拔除，切碎

5. die
die of死于（疾病，饥饿，寒冷，情感原因）
die from死于（外界原因）
die out绝种

6. fall
fall behind落后
fall down掉下，跌倒
fall into 落入；陷入
fall off 从。。。掉下
fall out与。。。争吵

7. go
go along沿着。。。。走
go through通过，经受
go over复习，检查
go up（价格）上涨，建造起来
go against违反
go away离开
go by时间过去
go down降低，（日、月）西沉
go on(with)继续进行
go out外出，熄灭
go off发出响声

8. get
get down下来，记下，使沮丧
get on进展，进步，穿上，上车
get off脱下,下车
get away逃跑，逃脱，去休假
get over克服，从疾病中恢复
get along with进展，相处
get up起床
get into (trouble) 陷入困境中
get back取回，收回
get out 出去
get to 到达。。。

9. give
give away赠送，泄露，出卖
give out发出，疲劳，分发，
give in (to sb.) 屈服
give up放弃，让（座位）

10. hand
hand in交上，提交
hand out分发

11.hold
hold on to…继续，坚持
hold up举起，使停顿
hold on别挂电话，等，坚持

12. keep
keep up with跟上
keep out 不使。。。进入
keep from克制，阻止
keep away from避开，不接近，
keep on继续，坚持下来
keep down 使。。。处于低水平

13.knock
knock at/on敲
knock into撞到某人身上

14. look
look up查找，向上看
look through翻阅，浏览
look after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找
look out(for)当心
look about / around/round四下查看
look forward to盼望

15. make
make up编造，打扮，组成
make into / of / from 制成

16.pass
pass by经过
pass down(on)…to传给

17. pay
pay back还钱，报复
pay for付钱，因…得到报应

18. pick
pick up拾起，接人，站起，收听，
pick out挑选，辨认，看出

19. put
put up张贴，举起，
put out伸出，扑灭
put off推迟
put into放进，翻译
put away放好，存钱
put down记下，平息
put on穿戴，上映，
put aside放到一边
put back放回

20. stand
stand out 突显，引人注目
stand up 起立，站起来
38.其它常用词组
wake up 醒，唤醒，弄醒
stay up 不睡觉；熬夜
depend on依靠；取决于
worry about为。。。担忧
laugh at嘲笑。。。
begin with以。。。开始
mix up混合、搀和
major in 主修
grow up成长
open up 打开，张开；开发
end up到达或来到某处；达到某状态
throw away 丢弃。。。
ask for要求。。。
wait for等待。。。
agree with同意。。。
find out（经研究或询问）获知某事
send out 发出，放出，射出
search for 搜索，搜查
chop down 砍到
have.. on 穿着。。。
step out of 跨步走出
drop out of 从。。。掉出
happen to 发生在。。。
belong to属于
arrive in /at到达。。。
try on试穿。。。
vote on对。。。进行投票
strech out伸展。。。
hang out闲逛
leave for离开前往
sell out 卖完、售完
show up 出席；露面

21. run
run after追逐，追捕
run away逃跑
run off跑掉，迅速离开
run out of用完

22. set
set up建立
set off 激起，引起

23. take
take after 与…相像
take off脱掉，起飞
take away拿走
take up从事，占用（时间空间）
take down记录，取下
take back收回
take pride in以… ……为自豪,
take the place of 代替

24. think
think of想起，考虑，对…看法
think out（自然）想出办法
think up想出（设计出、发明、编造）
think about考虑
think over仔细考虑

25. turn
turn off / on打开
turn to翻到，转向，求助
turn down调低，拒绝
turn back返回，转回去
turn round转过身来
turn up向上翻，出现，音量调大

26. care
care about 担心，关心；在乎，介意
care for 关心，关怀，照顾

27. clean
clean up 把…打扫干净，把…收拾整齐
clean out 清除；把…打扫干净

28.learn
learn about 获悉，得知，认识到
learn from 从/向。。。学习

29. fight
fight for..争取获得…
fight against 争取克服、战胜…
fight with…与。。。搏斗/战斗

30. dream
dream of梦想，想橡
dream about 梦到。。。

31. work
work for 为。。工作
work out 产生结果；发展；成功

32. argue
argue with …与。。。争论
argue about..争论。。。

33. complain
complain to 向。。抱怨
complain about抱怨。。。

34. hear
hear of 听说，得知
hear about听到。。。的事，听到。。的话
hear from接到。。。的信

35. talk
talk about 讨论。。。
talk with/to..和。。。讨论

36. live
live in 住在。。。
live on 以。。。为主食

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