用适当的引导词填空。1. Have you been back to the place _____ your ancestors lived? 2. He has found _____ his family is like a tall tree with long roots. 3. -九年级英语打印页面

用适当的引导词填空。1. Have you been back to the place _____ your ancestors lived? 2. He has found _____ his family is like a tall tree with long roots. 3. -九年级英语

[db:作者] 2019-12-31 00:00:00 互联网

题文

用适当的引导词填空。

1. Have you been back to the place _____ your ancestors lived?
2. He has found _____ his family is like a tall tree with long roots.
3. Robert is just one young overseas Chinese _____ has come to visit his ancestors' homeland.
4. The students feel _____ they are part of the village.
5. I'm beginning to understand my Chinese roots and _____ I am.
题型：填空题难度：中档

答案

1. where 2. that 3. who 4. that 5. who

据专家权威分析，试题“用适当的引导词填空。1. Have you been back to the place ____..”主要考查你对关系副词，关系代词，宾语从句，定语从句，表语从句等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：

关系副词关系代词宾语从句定语从句表语从句

考点名称：关系副词

关系副词：
用于引出定语从句，且在句中用作状语。
关系副词when表示时间，where表示地点，why表示原因。
例如：Sunday is the day when very few people go to work.
That is the reason why he dislikes me.
Do you know a shop where I can find sandals?
关系副词用法：
1.关系副词兼有副词与连接词两种作用，在不及物动词的连接中要求用关系副词。

2.关系副词所引导的形容词子句用于修饰主要子句中的某一名词或代名词，被修饰的词称作先行词，关系副词要放在先行词之后。
例如：关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语，表示时间，用以修饰表示时间的先行词。

3.关系副词主要有三个，即when,where,why。此外that也可代替关系代词引导代词子句。

4.关系副词=preposition(介词)+relative pronoun(关系代词)
例如：where=in which,when=on which,why=for which
这些关系副词在从句中做状语。
Would you please tell me the way how I can get to the zoo?
你能告诉我去动物园的路吗?（the way是先行词。）
This is the place where(that) I first met her.
这是我第一次见到她的地方。
在口语中that可以充当关系副词，代替when,why,how，只有先行词是the place时，才可代替where。
A:When should we start to work?
B:The sooner (we start),the better (it will be).
我们应该什么时候开始工作? 越早越好。
the作关系副词是引导副词子句，句子结构一般为：The+比较级...+the+比较级...，第一个the是关系副词。

5.time,day,year,place,house,reason,way等作先行词时可以被省略，其后的子句不再是形容词子句，而变成名词子句或副词子句。
中文：这是他出生的地方。
This is where he was born.
where he was born是名词子句。
This is the place where he was born.
where he was born是形容词子句。
中文：我将在第一次见到她的地方见她。
I'll meet her at the place where I first met her.
where I first met her是形容词子句。
I'll meet her where I first met her.
where I first met her是副词子句。

6.关系副词有限定用法，指的是关系副词引导的形容词子句只修饰先行词。
We were very happy in those days when we studied in school.
我们在学校里上学的那些日子里很快乐。

7.关系副词有补述用法，即关系副词引导的是对等子句而不是形容词子句，主要用于对主要子句中的不足之处加以补充，前面都要加逗点与主要子句分开。
Tom got married the day before yesterday,when it was his birthday too.
汤姆前天结婚了，那天也是他的生日。

8.wherever,whenever,however是复合关系副词，表示"不论",引导一个修饰主要子句里的动词的副词子句，可加强语气或表示让步。
Wherever he goes,he would bring an umbrella with him.
不论他去那里，他都带着一把雨伞。
定语从句中关系词省略的6种情形：
关系词有时可以省略，但这只限于限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系词则不可省略。
一、关系代词作宾语时的省略
当关系代词who， whom， which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略。如：
Is there anything （which） you wanted? 想要什么东西吗?
Who is the man （that / who / whom） you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁?

二、关系代词作表语时的省略
当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。如：
China is not the country （that） it was．中国已不是过去的中国了。（that作表语）

三、关系代词作宾补时的省略
当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足时，可以省略。如：
I’m not the madman （that） you thought me．我并不是你所认为的那个疯子。（that作宾语补语）

四、关系副词when的省略
用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于day， year， time等少数几个词后时可以省略（也可换成that）。如：
That was the year （that） I first went abroad．就是那一年我第一次出国了。
I’ll never forget the day （that） we met．我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。

五、关系副词where的省略
用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于place， somewhere， anywhere， everywhere， nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略（也可换成that）。如：
This is the place （where） they met yesterday．这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。
Have you somewhere （that） I can lie down for an hour? 你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时?

六、关系副词why的省略
关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或for which，均可省略。如：
That’s the reason （why， for which， that） he came．这就是他来的原因。
Give me one reason （why） we should help you．给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。

考点名称：关系代词

关系代词：
用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。
关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分，它在先行词和定语之间起纽带作用。
主要的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which和that。
①who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；
whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语；
whose在定语从句中作定语，其先行词既可以是人也可以是物。
例如：The teacher who/whom you want to see has come.
②which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
例如：Here is the coat which will be made to you.
③that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
例如：I have eaten bread that/which he gave to me.
关系代词的基本用法：
（1）引导定语从句
关系代词代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如：
The girl whom I spoke to is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。
（该句中whom既代表先行词the girl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。）
This is the pencil whose point is broken.这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。
(whose 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语)
He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他重新回来都忘记了他的那本书。
（which指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）
（2）which为其先行词。例如：
He said he saw me there, which was a lie.他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。
（3）其他用法
关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略，例如：
I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。
He's changed. He's not the man he was.他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。
注释：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略，that在从句中作表语时也可省略。
非限定性定语从句中，不能用that作关系代词。
关系代词的语法注意:
1.常用that 不用which的情况:
①先行词为all, anything, everything, nothing, something等时。
I will do all (that) I can to help you.
②先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very等所修饰时。
He was the only person that joined the army in his village that year.
③先行词既有人,又有物时
They talked about the people and the things (that)they remembered in the school.
④当主句是以who 或which开头的疑问句时, 定语从句用that 引导, 以避免重复。
Who is the boy that was here just now?
2. 若被修饰的名词充当从句介词宾语时
介词可提前于引导词之前,此时的引导词只能用whom 或which.
The pencil with which he was writing broke.
3. 当先行词为way时
其后的定语从句用in which或 that引导,也可不用引导词。
I don’t like the way (in which/that) he talks to me.

used to/be used to的分别：
①used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。
Mother used not to be so forgetful.
②be used to + doing：对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。
Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)
③used to 的用法（否定式简写为usedn't）过去经常，以前常常
This used to be a shabby house. （此房年久失修）
used to,would这两个词语都可以表示过去常做某事，有时可以换用。
used to do 强调过去习惯性的行为或状态，但是现在没有这种行为或状态了。因此，这个短语的内涵是今昔对比。
关系代词的用法:
一、不用that的情况
在引导非限定性定语从句时 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
介词后不能用We depend on the land from which we get our food.

二、只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a.在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b.在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c.先行词有the only, the very.（恰恰，正好）.any. few. little. no. all 修饰时，只用that。
d.先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。
e.先行词既有人，又有物时。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

三、不能用关系代词Which 的几种情况
1.当先行词为all, little, much, few, everything, none 等不定代词时关系代词用that而不用which.
There are few books that you can read in this book store.
2.当先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that, 不用which.
He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.
3.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词用that, 而不用which.
Guilin is one of the most beautiful cities that I have ever visited.
4.当先行词有序数词修饰时，关系代词用that, 不用which.
The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him.
5.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时，关系代词用that,不用which.
It is the only book that he bought himself.
6.当先行词被all, every, any, much, little, few, no等修饰时，关系代词用that,不用which.
There is no clothes that fit you here.
7.当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，定语从句关系代词一般用that而不用which.
Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?
8.在强调句型" It is ... that ..." 中,只用that,不用which.
It is in this room that he was born twenty years ago.
9.在" such (the same) ... as ..." 句型中,关系代词要用as, 而不用which.
We need such materials as (not which) can bear high temperature.
10.表示" 正如... 那样 "，" 正象..." 之意时，用as, 不用which.
Mary was late again, as had been expected.
11.As 引导的定语从句可以放在主句前面，也可以放在主句后面或主句中间，而由 which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面。
As we all know, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.

关系代词可以省略的情况:
1.关系代词which,whom,who,that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
Here is the man (who/that/whom)you're been looking for.
2.当that在从句中作补语时可以省略。
She is all (that) a teacher should be.
3.在there be 结构中出现定语从句，或在定语从句中出现there be 时，用作主语的关系代词也可省略。
This is the best dictionary (that) there is in the library.
4.状语的省略
（1）当先行词是reason，而且定语从句中作原因状语时，关系代词可用why,that,也可以省略。
That is the reason (why) I did it.
（2）当先行词是way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可用in which,that,也可以省略。
I don't know the way that/ which leads to the top of the mountains.
（3）当先行词是time时，关系代词可用when,that 或省略。
I don't know the exact time (when/that) the sports meet will take place.
注意：关系代词作宾语有时也不能省略。

关系代词不能省略情况：
1.在介词+whom与介词+which中，whom,which不能省略。
That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.
2.在非限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。
The elephant is like a spear,as anybody can see.
3.在the same ...as,such...as,as...as,the same...that中，as,that即使作宾语，也不能省略I have bought the same bicycle as you have (bought). (指同类用as)
This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday. (that指同一个)
4.当由and,but,or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时，第一个关系代词可省，但第二，第三个不可省略。
This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I find very interesting.
关系代词格式：
关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。that的用法最广，that可指人也可指物。
见表：

限定性
指人

非限定性
指物

限定性
指人或指物

主格

who

which

that

宾格

whom

that

that

属格

whose

of which
whose

of which
whose
特殊关系代词的用法：
关系词通常是用来引导定语从句的,但as,than和but这三个词却与which, who, that, where, when和why等典型的关系词不同。
三者本身具有常见的字面意义,前面有名词作先行词,但后面的定语从句却不像典型的定语从句。
这些既像连接词又像关系词的词,我们就姑且称它们为准关系词。
一、 as作为准关系代词出现在the same ... as, such ... as, 和as ... as等结构中。
这时, as前面通常要有名词;
as后面的从句意义上不像是通常的定语从句;
as需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
1. the same ... as
1) as在从句中作主语
　　She is the same person as came here last Sunday. 她就是上星期天来这儿的那个人。
　　2) as在从句中作宾语
　　This is the same watch as I lost while I was doing the sightseeing in Shanghai three months ago. 这块表跟我三个月前在上海观光时丢失的那块一样。
　　3) as在从句中作be动词的表语
　　China is not the same country as it used to be. 中国已今非昔比。
　　4) as在从句中作行为方式状语
　　You should learn to do housework in the same way as your mother does it. 你应该学会像你母亲那样做家务活。
2. such ... as
　　1) as在从句中作主语
　　Let children read such books as tend to make them better and brighter. 让孩子看那些容易让他们变得更好更聪明的书。
　　2) as在从句中作宾语
　　This is not such an interesting book as you just talked about. 这不是你们刚才谈到的那种有趣的书。
　　3) as在从句中作be动词的表语
　　Such a bad man as he is will be punished. 像他这样的坏人一定会受到惩罚。
3. as ... as
　　1) 第二个as在从句中作主语
　　He has as much money as is required. 他要多少钱就有多少钱。
　　2) 第二个as在从句中作宾语
　　I have as many friends as you (do). 我的朋友和你的朋友一样多。
　　3) 第二个as在从句中作be动词的表语
　　As is known to all, Taiwan is one of the Chinese provinces。众所周知,台湾是中国的一个省。

二、than作为准关系词出现在more ... than, less ... than, fewer ... than等结构中。这时, than前面要有名词; than本身有比较意义,而且需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
　　1. than在从句中作主语
　　Take it easy, I have more money than is needed. 放心，我的钱比所需要的还要多。
　　2. than在从句中作宾语
　　I have more/fewer books than you (do). 我的书比你的多/少。
　　3. than在从句中作be动词的表语
　　He is a better boy than you (are). 他是一个比你更好的男孩。
三、but作为准关系词本身含有否定意义,它前面的主句还有另一个否定意义。这时but在意义上相当于“who ... not ...”或“which/that ... not ...”。
　　1.定语从句中有be动词,并将其改为含but的复合句时, be动词后面不能再有not
　　There is no one who is not conccrned about his future. (= There is no one but is concerned about his future.) 没有人不关心自己的未来?
　　2. 定语从句中有can, will, shall, must, may, should, ought to等助动词或情态动词,在将其改为含but的复合句时,这些助动词或情态动词后面不能再有not
　　There is nothing that she can’t do. (= There is nothing but she can do.) 没有她做不到的事?
　　3. 定语从句中有助动词do, does, did, 在将其改为含but的复合句时,应去掉do, does, did, 还原其后动词的时态及人称变化
　　There is no one who doesn’t wish to make great achievements. (= There is no one but wishes to make great achievements.) 谁都希望自己将来能有所成就。
四、which的先行词：关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子
　　He said he saw me there, which was a lie。他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。
说明：关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略
　　I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew。我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。

考点名称：宾语从句

宾语从句：
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
宾语从句连接代词主要有：
who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever 等。
宾语从句的特点:
1.宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
2.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
3.连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。
4.whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。
5.如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.

宾语从句的时态:
1.主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。
例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
4. 如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。

宾语从句的语序:
A. 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。　　
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. 　　
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B. 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。　　　
Bad: I thought that he could finish this　job in just two hours impossible. 　　
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.　
C. 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. 　　
Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
D. 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态。
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. 　　
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner

宾语从句的否定转移:
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等。
并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式。
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是?
宾语从句中引导词的用法比较
在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：
连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代词：who, whose, what ,which
副词：when ,where, how, why 等。

（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）
1.可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.

2.在以下情况中that不能省略
a.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。
例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
b.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。
例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
c.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。
例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.
d.注:许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。
例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.

（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
1.由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。
例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.

2.只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句
a.在带to的不定式前
例句：We decided whether to walk there.
b.在介词的后面
例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
c.在动词后面的宾语从句时
例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
d.直接与or not连用时
例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.

3.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
a.if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”
例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
b.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
c.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时
例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.

if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
a.if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if
b.少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.
c. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
d.在不定式前只能用whether.
（如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。）
e.避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.

（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
1.英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
2.英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。
例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
简化宾语从句常用六法：
方法一：
当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，
且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。
例如：
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.
→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him.
→We decided to help him.

方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，
且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
She has forgotten how she can open the window.
→She has forgotten how to open the window.
注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，
且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
Could you tell me how I can get to the station？
→Could you tell me how to get to the station？

方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，
如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.
→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：
He insisted that he should go with us.
→He insisted on going with us.
The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.
→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.
→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：
It seemed that the boys were going to win.
→The boys seemed to win.
除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：
I found that it was difficult to learn English well.
→I found it difficult to learn English well.
Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.
→Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.
They found that the box was very heavy.
→They found the box very heavy

考点名称：定语从句

定语从句：
担任定语动能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一部分。
定语从句的分类：
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去;
非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
1．由that引导的定语从句
一般情况下that可指人或物，可以代替who，whom和which，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能作介词的宾语。如：
The comrade that（who）is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker．
正在会上讲话的那个同志是个先进工人。
Is this the doctor that（whom）you talked about yesterday？
这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗？
The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father．
昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。
2．由who，whom和whose引导的定语从句
who在从句中作主语，whom在从句中作宾语，whose在从句中作定语。如：
This is the thief who stole my bike．这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。
He is the boy whom you wanted to find．他就是你想要找的那个男孩。
The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside．妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。
3．由which引导的定语从句
which指物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。如：
The book which Mum bought me last week is called“Red Star Over China”．
妈妈上周买给我的那本书名叫《西行漫记》。
The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum．
鲁迅曾经住过的那所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆。
4．由where，when和why引导的定语从句
where在从句中作地点状语，when在从句中作时间状语，why在从句中作原因状语。如：
I will never forget the day when I joined the League．我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。
He will go back to the school where he studied next week．下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校。
I don't know the reason why he quarreled with Zhang Lin．我不知道他同张琳吵架的原因。
［注意点］
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词常省去。如：
The play（which）I watched just now had been on twice on Channel
我刚才看的那个戏剧在3频道上已上演了两次。
限定性定语从句：
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；
它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。
而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
6. when引导定语从句表示时间
〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导

非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.
人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it.
我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left.
刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3. 有时as也可用作关系代词
4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物
限定性定语从句口诀:
（口诀一）　　
定语从句真奇妙，　　
关系代(副)词来引导，　　
定语从句分两种，　　
是否限定看逗号。　　
（口诀二）　　
which指物who指人，　　
地点where时间when,　　
that人或物均可，　　
why之前是reason。　　
（口诀三）　　
从句当中作宾语，　　
whom可以代替who,　　
为了句子更简练，　　
关系代词可省去。　　
（口诀四）　　
关系若是表所属，　　
whose用法不可无。　　
除此之外还有啥，　　
whom, which加of。　　
（口诀五）　　
关系代词不一般，　　
介词经常用在前，　　
此时不用that, who，　　
which, whom才安全。

引导定语从句的关系词：

关系词	词形	所修饰的先行词	在从句中所作的成分
关系代词	who	人	主语、宾语、表语
	whom	人	宾语
	which	物	主语、宾语、表语
	that	人或物	主语、宾语、表语
	as	人或物	主语、宾语、表语
	whose=of whom/of=which	人或物	定语
关系副词	when	时间词	时间状语
	where	地点词	地点状语
	why	原因词	原因状语

关系代词的用法 ：
1. 关系代词的句法功能
(1)关系代词在句中作主语
例如：I prefer music that/which has great lyrics
(2) 关系代词在句中作宾语
例如：I like music that I can sing along with.
(3)关系代词在句中作表语
例如：The house is not the one (that) it used to be.
2. 关系代词在从句中作名词的定语
例如：Is she the teacher whose hair is very short?
3. 关系代词的用法
(1)who和whom的用法：二者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，
whom 在定语从句中作宾语。Whom在从句中能坐介词的宾语，而who则不能。
例如：
I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party
in the shopping center yesterday.
(2)whose的用法：一般指人，有时也指物。在定语从句中作定语。
例如：I have got a friend whose brother is training for the Olymoics.
(3)which的用法：一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、偶尔作定语。
例如：The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min.
(4)that的用法：指人或物，指人时可与who、whom互换，指物时可与that互换。
在从句中可作主语、宾语，还可作表语。
例如：It is a book (that/which) no one really likes.
4. 宜用who不宜用that的情况
(1)先行词是指人的不定代词时
例如：Congratulations to our winners and thanks to everyone who entered the competitions.
(2) 先行词指人时且含有较长的后置定语
例如：The boy was crying hard who lost his way while looking for his mother.
5. 在以下情况中，关系代词常用that
(1)先行词为all, little, few, none 及some-, any-, no-与thing所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。
例如：There is nothing that will stop us making progress.
(2)先行词前有only, some, any等形容词修饰时，只能用that。
例如：This is the only problem that we can’t work out.
(3)先行词前由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。
例如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
(4)先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用他和她，
例如：Lu Xun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great.
6. 只能用which不能用that的情形
(1)当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用which
例如：The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing.
(2)关系代词前面有介词时，只能用which
例如：The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down.
(3)先行词本身就是that时
例如：I don’t like that which he did.

关系副词的用法
1. when的用法：它的先行词通常是time, day, morning等。有时也可和一些介词一起引导定语从句。
例如：Do you remember the time when she went abroad?
2. where的用法：它的先行词通常有place, spot, room等。
例如：I like places where the weather is always warm.
3. why的用法：它的先行词只有reason。Why时常也可以省略。
例如：Tell me the reason why she was late.

考点名称：表语从句

表语从句：
就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。
表语从句是名词性从句的一种。
表语从句的基本结构是：
“主语+连系动词+关联词+表语从句”。
连接表语从句的连接词有：
that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever，whomever，whichever ，whatever等。
例如：The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
①语序：
从句的语序必须是陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语”这种形式。
②时态：
当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句可以是任何时态，而当主句是一般过去时的时候，从句，从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态，即（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时）。
③连接词：
当从句意思完整，主句意思肯定时，连接词用that，且可以省去，当从句意思完整，主句意思不确定或含否定含意时，常用if或whether（是否），当从句意思不完整时，连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词。
表语从句种类：
根据关联词来区分,表语从句可以分为六种:
一、由that引导的表语从句
The trouble is that he misunderstood me.麻烦的是他误解了我。
有时，引导表语从句的连词that可以省略
The truth is (that) I didn’t finish my term essay. 事实是我没有写完学期论文。

二、由连接代(副)词引导的表语从句
连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever；
连接副词where, when, how, why。
That was what she said this morning in her bedroom.那就是她今天早晨在卧室中说的。

三、由关系代词型的what引导的从句
I want to be a teacher. That’s what I want to be.
我想当老师，那是我的志愿。

四、关联词是连词because
比较下面这两个句子:
I was angry. That was because he didn’t understand me.
我生气是因为他不理解我。(表语从句强调原因)
That’s why he got fired from that firm.那正是他被公司解雇的原因。(表语从句强调结果)
注意：reason作主语或主语中包含事件的起因时,后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that来引导,而不用because
That is why ...是常用句型,其中why引导的从句在句中作表语,该句型通常用于针对前面已经说过的原因进行总结。
1. That is the reason why ...That is the reason why ...与That is why ...是同义的，
但是从语法结构上讲，That is the reason why ...中的why引导的是一个定语从句，将其中的the reason去掉后则与That is why ...结构一样了
2. That is because ...That is because ...也是一个常用句型。
That is because ...句型中，连词because引导的从句作表语，
That is because ...与That is why ...之间的不同在于That is because ...指原因或理由，
That is why ...则指由于各种原因造成的结果
He did not read Harry Potter last night. That is because he had to help his mother to do the housework.
昨天晚上他没有读《哈里波特》，那是因为他得帮助他妈妈做家务。

五、关联词是从属连词whether, as, as if
The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.
问题是我们能否赢得大多数民众的支持。

六. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形” 表示，should可省略。
常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal，plan，idea等。
My suggestion is that we （should） start early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
表语从句中需要注意的地方:
1. 表语从句一定要用陈述语序；
2. 不可以用if,而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外)；
3. 与宾语从句不同,在有表语从句的复合句中,主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
4. 连接词that一般不能省略，但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时，that可以省略。如：
What I want to do is (that) I can go up to him and thank him. 我想做的事是走到身边去感谢他。
5. 当句子的主语是：advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish等名词时，
表语从句须用虚拟语气，即：should +do。如：
My advice is that you should go to apologize to him. 我的建议是你应该去向他道歉。
表语从句语法提示：
应注意的问题：
1. 连系动词be，appear，seem，look等之后可以跟表语从句。
It was because he didn't pass the exam.那是因为他没有通过考试。

2. 引导表语从句的引导词有以下几类。
1）wh-疑问词
My question is who left.我想问的是谁离开了。
2）whether
My question is whether he left（or not）。我的问题是他是否离开了。
注：if不能引导表语从句。
3）that
The fact is that he left. 事实是他离开了。
注：引导表语从句的连词that间或可以省略。
The truth is（that）I didn't go there. 事实是我没去那儿。
4）because，as，as if，as though
It's just because he doesn't know her. 这是仅仅因为他不认识她。

3.表语从句要用陈述语序
That is where the famous scientist was born.

4.that和what在引导表语从句时，作用和意义都不相同。
That本身没有词义，在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分；what则表示“所……的（人或事）”，在表语从句中充当主语或宾语等。
That fact is that more than seventy percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water.

5.If 与whether均意为“是否”，但引导表语从句时，只能用whether, 不能用if。
The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.

6.As, if, though引导的表语从句时，从句谓语多用虚拟语气。
这是因为从句中的情况与事实不相符。具体来说，如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式；
如果从句表示与过去事实相反时，谓语动词要用“had +过去分词”，如果从句表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might ,could )+动词原形，如：
Li Lei is now in a new jacket he looks as if he were an American boy.
但是，如果as if ,as though 引导的表语从句所表示的与事实相符，从句则用陈述语气，如：
The clouds are gathering. It looks as if is going to rain.

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