句型转换,根据所给的汉语提示,转换下列句型.1.That some ads can be very useful is true. (改为同义句) that some ads can be very useful.2.Soft lighting makes peo-九年级英语打印页面

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句型转换,根据所给的汉语提示,转换下列句型.1.That some ads can be very useful is true. (改为同义句) that some ads can be very useful.2.Soft lighting makes peo-九年级英语

[db:作者] 2020-01-02 00:00:00 零零社区

题文

句型转换,根据所给的汉语提示,转换下列句型.

1.  That some ads can be very useful is true. (改为同义句)
                   that some ads can be very useful.
2.  Soft lighting makes people look good.  (改为被动语态)
     People are made              good by soft lighting.
3.  I really don't know which one to buy.  (改为同义句)
     I really don't know which one I              ．
4.  The sick woman isn't strong enough to do the work.(改为同义句)
    The sick woman is       weak       do the work.
5.  People spend too much time eating their meals.  (改为同义句)
    It       people too much time       eat their meals.
题型：句型转换  难度：中档

答案

1. It's true 2. to look 3. should buy 4. too, to 5. takes, to

据专家权威分析，试题“句型转换,根据所给的汉语提示,转换下列句型.1.That some ads c..”主要考查你对实义动词的单数第三人称形式，情态动词，被动语态，it 的用法，固定搭配等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：

实义动词的单数第三人称形式情态动词被动语态it 的用法固定搭配

考点名称：实义动词的单数第三人称形式

在一般现在时的肯定句中，当主语为非第三人称单数时，谓语动词用原形；
当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词用单数第三人称形式。

实义动词的一般现在时的单数第三人称形式遵从“s，es, ies”六字母规则。如下表所示：

规则动词原形第三人称
单数形式

s 一般在词尾加s（读音规则：
清清浊浊元浊，
在清辅音后读清辅音/s/,
在浊辅音和元音后读/z/） stop
take
clean
play
grow stops/s/
takes/s/
cleans/z/
plays/z/
grows/z/

es 以,x,ch,sh,或o结尾的动词
加-es（读/iz/） pass
fix
wash
watch
do passes
fixes
washes
watches
does

ies 以辅音字母
加y结尾的动词，变y为ies(读/iz/) fly
carry
hurry flies
carries
hurries
实意动词单数第三人称变化规律：
注意：不规则变化的有have—has， be—is， go—goes， do—does

一般现在时，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式
主语是第三人称单数有以下几种情况：

（1）不可数名词做主语：
Some water is in the glass

（2）单个的可数名词做主语：

The girl is Chinese.  My watch is on the dresser.

（3） He ,she , it 等代词单个做主语:
He is in the tree. She likes her family very much.
（4）单个的人名，地名或称呼作主语：
Mary is a doctor.  Uncle Li speaks a little English.
Changchun is a beautiful city.

（5）指示代词this, that 等作主语:
This is a pear.  That is an apple .

（6） Everyone, everything ,something, nobody, nothing.等不定代词作主语时
Is everyone here today?   Everything is ok .

（7）单个数字作主语时：
”8” is a good number in China.

动词单数第三人称形式的一般现在时的句子的否定句、疑问句及特殊疑问句。    <?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

否定句：
在主语的后面实义动词前加doesn’t(注意实义动词应恢复原形。)

主语（单三）+doesn’ + 动词原形+其他

Jim likes football变否定： Jim doesn’t like football

He has lunch at school. 变否定：He doesn’t have lunch at school.

一般疑问句及答语，在句子前面加助动词does. 实义动词恢复原形

Does +主语（单三）+ 动词原形+其他

Does your father work ? Yes, he does. /No, he doesn’t

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

特殊疑问词+ does +主语（单三）+ 动词原形+其他

Where does a bird live ?

How does she go to school？

考点名称：情态动词

情态动词：
是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或与语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 “not”。
个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气，委婉的语气, 时态性不强,可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。
情态动词有四类： 　　
①只做情态动词：must, can(could),may(might)…… 　　
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need, dare 　　
③具有情态动词特征：have(had, has) to, used to 　　
④情态动词表猜测
注：mustn't代表强烈禁止 must表示主观，have to表示客观。
常用的有：can may could must have use .
情态动词特点:
情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。
个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气，委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。
He could be here soon.他很快就来。
We can't carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you.对不起，我帮不上你。

基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是：
基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想：
What have you been doing since? （构成完成进行体，本身无词义）
I am afraid I must be going. （一定要）
You may have read some account of the matter. （或许已经）

除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：
1）除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式：
We used to grow beautiful roses.我们过去常常种这种漂亮的玫瑰花
I asked if he would come and repair my television set.我问他是否来修我的电视机
2）情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一：
They need not have been punished so severely.
3）情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s形式：
She dare not say what she thinks.
4）情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式和分词形式，也没有相应的动名词：
Still,she needn't have run away.
5）情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间：
Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?
She told him he ought not to have done it.
6）情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用：
You should have washed the wound.
Well,you shouldn't be reading a novel.
7）情态动词must一般疑问句否定回答用needn't
Must I read books every day、
No,you needn't
常见情态动词用法：
1.can (could) 表示说话人能，可以，同意，准许，以及客观条件许可，could 为 can 的过去式。
2.Must 必须，应该，一定，准是，表示说话人认为有必要做某事，命令，要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。
must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。
must + have + 过去分词，表示现在对过去事物的推测。
must 和 have to 的区别：must 表示说话人的主观思想，have to 表示客观需要。
3.need 是一个情态动词，他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样，但 need 还可当作实义动词使用，这时 need 就象其他动词一样，有第三人称，单复数，后面加带 to 的动词等特性。
needn't + have + 过去分词表示过去做了没必要做的事情。
4.dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。
5.ought 应当，应该。后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。
ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。
ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。
6.will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式,
will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。
7.Shall、should 表示命令，警告，允诺，征求，劝告，建议，惊奇。
8.have to，不得不，必须，表示客观条件只能如此，而must 则表示主观思想。
情态动词功能：
助动词主要有两类：基本助动词和情态助动词。
基本助动词有三个：do，have和be；
情态助动词基本的有十四个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能：
1）构成否定式：
He didn't go and neither did she.
The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock.
2）构成疑问式或附加疑问式：
Must you leave right now?
You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you?
3）构成修辞倒装：
Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.
4）代替限定动词词组：
A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle?
B: Tom can.
A: Shall I write to him?
B: Yes, do.

情态动词表推测的用法小结 　　
（一）情态动词表推测的三种句式　　
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may（可能），might /can, could（也许，或许）。　　
（1）He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 　　
          他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。　　
（2）It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. 　　
          屋里很冷，他们肯定把暖气关了。　　
2. 否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not (可能不)。　　
（1）It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 这不可能是校长，他去美国了。　　
（2）He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。　　
3. 疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。　　
（1）Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗？　　
（2）Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗？　　
注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。　　

（二）情态动词表推测的三种时态　　
1. 对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。　　
（1）She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5: 00 前她一定/可能/也许到。　　
（2）She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone. 　　
           她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。　　
2. 对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词 + be”，“情态动词 +be doing”或 “情态动词 + 动词原形”。　　
（1）He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。　　
（2）He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time. 这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。　　
（3）Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ? 　　
          布什先生一向准时，这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢？　　
3.对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。　　
（1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet. 地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。　　
（2）The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home . 门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。　　
（3）Can / Could he have gotten the book？难道他找到书了吗？　　
注：情态动词 should /ought to表推测时，意为“想必会，理应……”但与“have +过去分词”连用时，则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。
例如：　　
（4）It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment. 　　
     现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。（推测）　　
（5）She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. （虚拟）　　
她本该出席你的生日晚会的，可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。　　
（6）Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm.   （虚拟）　　
汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密，可是他并无恶意。

考点名称：被动语态

语态：
是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。
语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；
如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。
被动语态的构成:
被动语态的基本结构：
主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者）
① 一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词
如：Trees are planted every year.
② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词
如：The road is being repaired.
③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词
如：The work has been finished.
④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
如：The story was told by him.
Many birds were killed last year.
⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词
如： The new house was being painted when I got home.
⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词
如： He told me that the work had been finished.
⑦一般将来时 will +be + 过去分词
如：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
⑧ 过去将来时 would/should +be +过去分词
如： He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.
⑨情态动词的被动语态
情态动词+ be +过去分词
如：The problem must be solved soon.
Children should be taught to love animals.
被动语态使用注意:
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。如：happen, break down, come out......
What will happen in 100 years.
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如： write, sell, ride.....
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带“to”，但变为被动语态时，须加上“to”。
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
构成be+done.
主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
①把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
②把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
③原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。
④其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。

不用于被动语态的情形：
①不及物动词没有被动语态
这类动词有take place, happen, come about, break out, appear, disappear, last, arise等。
例如：A fire broke out during the night.
②某些静态动词不用于被动语态
这类动词有have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble等。
例如：My shoes do not fit me.
③宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态
例如：We should help each other.

关于主动形式表示被动意义:
①系动词（如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等）要用主动表被动，因为系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。
例如：The building looks very beautiful.
②当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
例如：The book sells well.
③有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。
例如：Her eyes filled with tears.
④不定式to blame, to let用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动。
例如：Who is to blame?
⑤某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。
例如：The book is difficult to understand.
⑥不定式用于某些动词（如have, have got, get, want, need等）的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
例如：Do you have time to help us?
⑦在too...to do sth.和...enough to do sth. 这两个结构中，若主语与其后不定式为to do sth.被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义（有时也可直接用被动式）。
例如：The writing is too faint to read.
⑧be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。
例如：This movie is worth seeing.
⑨在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。
例如：The house needs cleaning.

表示“据说”的三类被动句型:
①It is said that...句式
例如：It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number.
②There is said that...句式
例如：There is said to be plenty of oil off our coast.
③sb./sth.is said that...句式
例如：Mr. Brown is said to have died of liver cancer.

被动语态各时态构成：

时态	被动语态
一般现在时	am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时	was/were+过去分词
现在进行时	am/is/are being+过去分词
过去进行时	was/were being+过去分词
一般将来时	will be+过去分词
过去将来时	would be+过去分词
现在完成时	have/has been+过去分词
过去完成时	had been+过去分词
情态动词	情态动词be+过去分词

情态动词的被动语态：
一、理解含情态动词的被动语态的概念含情态动词的被动语态说明某个被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。
初中阶段可用于被动语态的情态动词有“can、may、must、need、should”等，
分别表示“能够被……”，“可以被……”，“必须被……”，“需要被……“，应该被……”等。

二、掌握含情态动词的被动语态的不同句式的变换方法含情态动词的被动语态的疑问句、否定句的变化均借助于情态动词完成。
（一）一般疑问句直接将陈述句被动语态中的情态动词提前。如：
Mustthisworkbedoneatonce？这项工作必须立即完成吗？
Shouldyourhomeworkbefinishedbeforesix？你的家庭作业应在六点前完成吗？
（二）特殊疑问句由疑问词加上一般疑问句被动语态构成。如：
Whenmustthisworkbedone？这工作必须在什么时候完成？
Wherecanthelostbookbefound？这本失踪的书能在什么地方被找到？
（三）反意疑问句借助情态动词构成附加疑问部分。如：
Thisbridgecanbebuiltnextyear，can'tit？这座桥明年能建成，是吗？
Thisbookshouldn'tbetakenoutofthelibrary，shouldit？这本书不应被带出图书馆，是吗？
（四）否定句在情态动词后面加上“not”或“never”即可，但“must”表“必要”时否定式为“needn't”。如：
Thisworkneedn'tbedoneatonce．这项工作没必要立即做。Thisdustbinshouldn'tbeputhere．这个垃圾箱不应放在这儿。

三、含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答应保留原情态动词，
但“must”表“必须”时，其否定回答应用“needn't”、“need”表“必要”时，其肯定回答应用“must”。如：
—Shouldmyexercisesbefinishedtoday？我的作业应在今天完成吗？
—Yes，theyshould．是的，应在今天完成。（No，theyshouldn't．不，不应在今天完成。）
—Musthisexercisebookbehandedinatonce？他的练习本必须立即上交吗？
—Yes，itmust．是的，必须立即上交。（No，itneedn't．不，不必立即上交。）
—Needhebeoperatedonatonce？他必须立即手术吗？
—Yes，hemust．是的，他必须。（No，heneedn't．不，他不必。）

考点名称：it 的用法

“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配，是英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年考试的热点，因此在复习中应给予足够的重视。
It 句型归纳：
1． It is ＋adj．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．
用于此句型的形容词有：easy， hard， difficult，possible， important， impossible， necessary， good， bad， exciting， interesting， surprising等。如：
It is necessary to change your job．
It was very hard for them to walk such a long way in the snow．
2．It is ＋n．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．
用于此句型的名词有： pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。如：
It is a pity for you to have missed such a wonderful play．
It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old．
3．It is ＋adj．＋of sb．＋to do sth．
此句型中的形容词主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有： kind, nice, wise,
silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。如：
How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance！
It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house．
4．It is ＋adj．（＋n．）＋doing sth．
此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有：no／little use, no／much good, useless等。如：
It’s no use crying over spilt milk．
5．It takes sb．＋一段时间＋to do sth．表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”。如：
It took us half an hour to ride to the town by the sea．
6．It is ＋及物动词的过去分词＋that从句
此句型中常见的及物动词的过去分词有：said, told, known, reported, recorded, thought, believed, considered等。如：
It is reported that the Russian President will visit China next week．
7．It ＋不及物动词＋that从句
此句型中不及物动词常见的有：seem， happen， appear， matter等。如：
It seems that there will be a heavy snow tomorrow．
It happened that I met my good friends in the museum yesterday．
8．强调句型：It is＋被强调部分＋that／who从句
在使用强调句型时要注意，指人时可以用who或that，其它情况一律用that。如：
It was under the bed that my brother hid the ball this morning．
It is Mr Bell who／that often comes and looks after the old man．
9．It is／has been＋一段时间＋since从句。如：
It is ／has been three years since we saw each other last．
10．It is (high) time that sb． did sth．
该句型表示“某人现在该做某事了”，从句常用过去时（虚拟语气）说明现在应该做的事情。如：
It’s six o’clock．It is high time that we went home now．

It 常用的固定搭配：
1. make it
（1）在口语当中相当于succeed，表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达
例 It's hard to make it to the top in show business.
（2）在口语中相当于fix the date for，表示“约定好时间”
例 —Shall we meet next week？
—OK. We just make it next Saturday.
2. as it is
（1）相当于in fact，in reality表示“事实上，实际情况是……”
例 We had planed to finish the task today，but as it is we probably won't finish it until next week.
（2）相当于方式状语从句，表示“照原样”
例 Leave the table as it is.
3. as it were
相当于as one might say，that is to say，表示“也就是说，可以说，换句话说”
例 He is，as it were，a modern Sherlock Holmes.
4. if it weren't for…/if it hadn't been for…
用来引导虚拟语气，相当于without，or but for，表示“如果不是……，要不是……”
例 If it weren't for Tom，I wouldn't be alive today.
5. that's it
（1）相当于That's all. That's so much. 表示“至此为止，没有别的了”
例 You can have one more sweet，and that's it.
（2）相当于 That's right.表示“对啦”
例 — I guess the key to the problem is thechoice “A”
—That's it.
6. catch it
在口语中，相当于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示“因做错事而挨骂，受责备，受批评，受惩罚”
例 We'll really catch it form our teacher if we're late for class again.
7. have it
（1）相当于say，insist表示“说，主张，表明，硬说”
例 Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.
（2）相当于get to know something，表示“了解，知道，获悉”
例 I had it from John that she was going abroad.
8. have what it takes
在口语中，相当于be well qualified for，表示“具有成功的条件”
例 You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star.
9. so it seems / appears.
10. Keep at it！（Don't give up！）
相当于go on，表示“继续做，不放弃”
例 My teacher asked me to keep at it.
11. Go it！（Go on！）拼命干，莽撞
12. Now you have done it！（You have done sth. wrong.）
13. Now you'll catch it！（You'll be punished.）
14. As it happened，…
在口语中，相当于it's a pity that…，表示“真不凑巧，真遗憾”
例 As it happened，they were out.
15. As it turned out，…
在口语中，相当于it was found to be in the end，表示“最后被证明是”
例 As it turned out，his statement was false.
16. Such as it is（they are）
在口语中，相当于although it may not be worth much，表示“虽然没有多大价值”
例 You can borrow my exam notebook，such as it is.
17. Take it/things easy.
相当于Don't worry or don't hurry. 用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，存住气”
例 Take it easy！ He will do it well.
18. Take it from me.
在口语中，相当于believe me what I say.表示“请相信我的话，我敢担保”
例 You can take it from me that he will make it this time.
19. For what it is worth…
在口语中，相当于although I'm not sure it's of value，表示“不管其价值如何”
例 Here is the article I promise you，for what it's worth.
20. Worth it
在口语中，相当于useful，表示“有好处，值得做”
例 Don't hesitate about it！ It's worth it.
21. Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”
例 Believe it or not，Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday.
22. Take it or leave it. v. 要么接受要么放弃
例 That is my last offer. You can take it or leave it.
23. It all depends/that all depends
在口语中，相当于it hasn't been decided yet，表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来”
例 —Are you going to the countryside for holiday？
—It/That all depends.
24. It's up to sb.
在口语中，相当于it's decided by sb. 表示“由……决定，由……负责，取决于……”
例 —Shall we go out for dinner？
—It's up to you.
it用法小结：
It用作实词
表达以下概念:
指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；
替代前文中的内容；
指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；
指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；
指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象。

一、it 作人称代词的用法
1. 指事物
作为人称代词，it 可以除人以外的一切事物或动物。如：
I dropped my watch and it broke. 我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。
It’s hard work, but I enjoy it. 工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。
“Where is the dog?” “It’s in the bedroom. ” “狗在哪?”“在卧室里”。
2. 指人
it 指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如：
Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩?
There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。
【说明】在答语中，常用来指本人，如说 It’s me。
3. 代替某些代词
代词 it 还可用于代替指示代词this, that 以及复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing等。如：
“What’s this?” “It’s a new machine. ” “这是什么?”“是一种新机器”。
Nothing is wrong, is it? 没出什么问题，是吗?

二、it 作非人称代词的用法
1. 基本用法
it 作非人称代词的用法，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。如：
It’s too late to go there now. 现在去那儿已经太迟了。
It rained all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。
It can get very hot here. 这里有时会很热。
2. 用于某些句型
It’s time for sth. 该做某事了。
It’s time to do sth. 该做某事的时候了。
It’s time for sb to do sth. 某人该干某事了。
It’s (about / high) time + that-从句. 某人该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去式，有时也用“should+动词原形”)
It’s first (second) time + that-从句. 某人第几次干某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)
It’s + 时间段 + since-从句. 自从……有一段时间了。
It’s + 时间段 + before-从句. 过多长的时间才……

三、it用作形式主语
1. 基本用法
当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句子平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语it。如：
It’s very important to remember this. 记住这一点很重要。
It’s hard work climbing mountains. 爬山是费劲的事。
It’s unknown when he will come. 他什么时候来还不知道。
2. 用作形式主语的的重要句型
(1) It + be + adj. for (of) sb to do sth 某人做某事……
It is hard for him to make up his mind. 他很难下定决心。
It was foolish of her to say such a thing. 她说那样的话，真是太蠢了。
【说明】介词 of 与 for 的区别是：
of 用于指某人的性格、属性、特征等，介词for表示对象，意为“对……来说” 。
(2) It takes sb + 时间段 + to do sth. 某人做某事花了……时间
It takes years to master a new language. 要花多年的时间才能掌握一门新的语言。
【说明】此句型可以有以下多变种变体：It took me an hour to write the letter.
=The letter took me an hour (to write). =I took an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了一个小时
(3) It is up to sb to do sth. 该由某人做某事
It’s up to you to to make the choice. 得由你来作选择。
(4) it look (seem, appear, happen, occur) that [as if]… 似乎……
It seemed as though he didn’t recognize me. 他似乎没认出我来。
It happened that I was out when he called. 他打电话时我碰巧不在家。
(5) If it were not for… / If it hadn’t been for… 若不是因为……
If it were not for their help, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. 要不是他们帮助，这些困难我们不克服不了的。

四、it用作形式宾语
1. 基本用法
当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。
其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。如：
I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。
I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。
We think it no use complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。
2. 用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构
(1) 动词+ it + that-从句。如：
I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。
I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。
You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。
Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。
【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 have, take, put, like 等。
(2) 动词 + it + when (if)-从句。如：
I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。
We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。
I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。
【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。
(3) 动词 + prep + it + that-从句。如：
See to it that you’re not late again. 注意千万不要再迟到。
Look to it that this doesn’t happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。
You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。
I can’t answer for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。
【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等。
(4) 动词 + it + 介词短语+ that-从句。如：
I owe it to you that I am still alive. 多亏有你我才仍然活着。
I took it for granted that he would help us. 我认为他会帮助我们的。
【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sb’s attention, owe it to sb 等。

it在强调句中的使用
It is＋被强调部分＋that(who)＋其他
在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点：
1. 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句
2. 在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句。
3. 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上。
4. 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别。
5. 不管被强调部分是单数还是复数，其前一律用It is / It was，而不能用They are / There were之类的。
6. 被强调部分是指人时，被强调部分后可用that / who，被强调部分指物时，被强调部分后只能用that。
7. 被强调部分是指时间或地点时，被强调部分后通常用that，一般不用when，where之类的。例：
It is I who am right. 是我对。
It was you that were wrong. 是你错了。
It was in the Japan that he died. 他是死于日本。
It was yesterday that he got married. 他是昨天结婚的。
It was a computer that he bought last week. 他上个星期买的是一台电脑。
Where was it that she lived? 她是住在什么地方?
When was it that he left for Japan? 他是什么时候离开去日本的?
Who is it that teaches you English? 是谁教你们英语?

考点名称：固定搭配

固定搭配：
英语中的固定搭配主要是指英语中的习惯用法，如有固定用法的一些动词短语、介词短语、名词词组及形容词词组。
例如：
take part in (参加)
by accident (偶然地)
lucky dog (幸运儿)
be interested in (对…感兴趣)
初中英语常见固定搭配：
(一)加-ing
enjoy / like doing sth 喜欢做----
spend....(in) doing sth 在做---花费---
try doing 试着做------
be busy doing sth 忙于做------
finish doing sth 完成做----
look forward to + doing sth 期待做----(现在进行时)
be doing 正在做---
Thank you for (doing) sth 为了--感谢你

（二）加-to
decide to do sth 决定去做-----
ask (sb)to do 要求(某人)去做----
It’s+adj +to do sth . 做---(怎么样)
would like / want to do 想要做-----
It takes sb sometime to do sth在做----花费----

（三）加原形
let / make sb do sth 让某人做某事
be going to / will do sth （一般将来时态）

（四）加-to 或-ing意思不同
forget doing 忘记做过了-----(已做)
forget to do 忘记去做------(还没做)
remember doing记得做过了-----(已做)
remember to do记得去做------(还没做)

（五）加-to 或-ing意思相同
begin / start to do sth = begin / start doing sth开始做------

（六）
A）动词+ 介词
agree with同意....的意见(想法)；符合
help ... with ...帮助(某人)做(某事) listen to听...
..get to到达....
fall off (从......)掉下base on以....(为)根据
knock at /on敲(门、窗)
laugh at嘲笑
learn.. from 向...学习
live on继续存在；靠...生活
look after照顾，照看look at看；观看
look for寻找
look like看起来像
pay for (sth.)付钱；支付
point at指示；指向
point to指向....prefer to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢
quarrel with (和某人)吵架
regard...as ...把....当作....；当作
stop...from阻止.....做.....
talk about说话；谈话；谈论
talk with与......交谈think about考虑
think of认为；想起
B)动词+ 副词
ask for请求；询问
carry on坚持下去；继续下去
cut down砍倒
clean up清除；收拾干净
come down下来；落
come along来；随同
come in进来
come on来吧；跟着来；赶快
come over过来；顺便来访
come out出来；出现；(花)开；发(芽)
drop off放下(某物)；下车
eat up吃光；吃完
fall behind落在......后面；输给别人
fall down跌倒；从......落下
find out查出(真相)
get back回来；取回
get down下来；落下；把......取下来
get off下来；从......下来get on上(车)
get up起床
give up放弃go on继续
go out出去
go over过一遍；仔细检查
grow up长大；成长
hand in交上来
hurry up赶快
hold on (口语)等一等；(打电话时)不挂断
look out留神；注意
look over (仔细)检查
look up向上看；抬头看
pass on传递；转移到....
pick up拾起；捡起
put away放好；把....收起来
put on穿上；戴上；(戏剧等)上演；放(唱片等
put down把(某物)放下来
put up挂起；举起
run away流失；逃跑；逃走
rush out冲出去
set off出发；动身；
启程send up发射；把......往上送
shut down把......关上
sit down坐下
slow down减缓；减速
take off脱掉(衣服)
take out取出
throw about乱丢；抛撒
trip over (被......)绊倒
try on试穿(衣服、鞋等)；试戴(帽子等)
try out试验；尝试
turn down关小；调低
turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等
turn off关(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等)
turn over (使)翻过来
wake up醒来
wear out把......穿旧；磨坏
work out算出；制订出
write down写下....
C) be + 形容词+ 介词
be angry with对(某人)发脾气
be interested in对......感兴趣
be able to能；会
be afraid of害怕
be amazed at对......感到惊讶
be excited about对......感到兴奋
be filled with用......充满
be full of充满......的
be good at =do well in在....方面做得好；善于
be late for迟到
be made in在......生产或制造
be made of由....组成；由....
be pleased with对......感到满意
be proud of以......自豪/高兴
be used for用于
D)动词+ 名词/ 代词
beg one′s pardon请原谅；对不起
do morning exercises做早操
do one′s homework做作业
enjoy oneself =have a good time过得快乐；玩得愉快
give a concert开音乐会
go boating去划船
go fishing去钓鱼go hiking去徒步旅行
go skating去滑冰
go shopping (去)买东西
have a cold (患)感冒
have a cough (患)咳嗽
have a headache (患)头痛
have a try尝试；努力
have a look看一看
have a rest休息
have a seat (= take a seat ) 就坐；坐下
have sports进行体育活动
have supper吃晚餐
hear of听说
hold a sports meeting举行运动会
make a decision作出决定
make a mistake犯错误
make a noise吵闹
make faces做鬼脸
make friends交朋友
make money赚钱
take one′s place坐某人的座位；代替某人的职务
teach oneself (=learn by oneself ) 自学
watch TV看电视
take photos照相
take time花费(时间)
take turns轮流
E)动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词
catch up with赶上
come up with找到；提出(答案、解决办法等)
get on well with与......相处融洽
give birth to生(孩子)
help yourself / yourselves to自取；随便吃
make room for给.....腾出地方
play a joke on戏弄人；对人恶作剧
speak highly of称赞
say good bye to告别；告辞
take an active part in积极参加
take care of照顾；照料；注意
F)其他类型
be awake醒着的
be born出生
be busy doing忙着做
come true实现
do one′s best尽最大努力
fall asleep睡觉；入睡
go home回家
go on doing (sth.)继续做某事；尽力
get married结婚
get together相聚
go straight along 沿着...一直往前走
had better (do)最好(做...)
keep doing sth.一直做某事
make sure确保；确认；查明
make up one′s mind下决心

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