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改错。( ) 1. If I find a million dollars, I would keep it. A BC ( ) 2. If I had much money, I will travel to the moon. A BC ( ) 3. I wish he will lend me hi-九年级英语

[db:作者]  2020-01-02 00:00:00  互联网

题文

改错。
(     ) 1. If I find a million dollars, I would keep it.                                      
                   A                    B                   C
(     ) 2. If I had much money, I will travel to the moon.                             
                   A                           B                       C
(     ) 3. I wish he will lend me his car.                                                      
                A          B    C
(     ) 4. I wish I hadn't to work today.                                                      
                 A         B                   C
(     ) 5. Please excuse Mary of being absent from the meeting.                    
                          A              B                      C
题型:改错题  难度:中档

答案

1. A-found   2. B-would   3. B-would   4. B-didn't have   5. B-for

据专家权威分析,试题“改错。( ) 1. If I find a million dollars, I would keep it...”主要考查你对  实义动词的过去式,一般过去时,过去将来时,介词,虚拟语气句  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:

实义动词的过去式一般过去时过去将来时介词虚拟语气句

考点名称:实义动词的过去式

  • 表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。
    动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。

  • 实意动词过去式变化规则:
    分类 构成 例句
    一般情况下 在词尾直接加ed ask—asked
    work—worked
    以不发音的e结尾 只加d

    love—loved

    dance—danced

    以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i,再加-ed try—tried
    study—studied
    以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的
    重读音节结尾的动词
    先双写末尾一个字母,再加ed stop—stopped
    permit—permitted
    “-ed”的读音规则 1.在清辅音后面读[t],如:help—helped[helpt]
    2.在浊辅音或元音后读[d],如:learn—learned
    3.在[t]和[d]后读[id],如:want—wantedneed—needed
    注:以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;
    尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveled/traveled。
    特例:picnic—picnicked,另外还有很多动词的过去式是不合乎上述规则的,常见的有:
    常用的有:
    begin—began,         bring—brought,        come—came,        draw—drew,
    drink—drank,          drive—drove,          eat—ate,                feel—felt,
    get—got,                  give—gave,              go—went,             grow—grew,
    have (has)—had,      keep—kept,            know—knew,       leave—left,  
    make—made,           read—read,            run—ran,               say—said,
    see—saw,                sit—sat

  • 几个特殊实意动词过去式用法:
    a.beat的过去式与原形同形:   
    beat(打击) 
    beat(过去式) 
    beaten(过去分词)   
    b.lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同   
    lie,lied, lied(说谎)   
    lay, lain(躺,位于)   

    c.hang有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同   
    hang,hanged, hanged(处绞刑)   
    hung, hung(挂,吊)   

    d. welcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词   
    welcome welcomed, welcomed(正)   
    welcome, welcome(误)   

    e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词   
    hit(打) 
    hit, hit(正)   
    hitted, hitted(误) 

  • 实意动词过去式用法基本句式:
    1.主+V-ed+宾+其它。。。(肯定句)
    2.主+didn't+V原+宾+其它。。。
    3.Did+主+V原+宾+其它。。。+?
    4.回答:Yes,主语代词+did\No,主语代词+didin't.
    5.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。

  • 实义动词的一般过去时态:
    肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.

    肯定句为:
    主语+动词过去式+宾语    如:
    I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.

    否定句:
    主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语  如:
    I didn't go home yesterday.  He didn't tell me about you.

    疑问句:
    一般疑问句:
    Did +主语+动词原形+宾语
    如:Did you go home yesterday?  
    Did you study in the school?
    肯定回答: Yes, I did.    
    否定回答:No, I didn't.

    特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did +主语+动词原型+宾语
    When did you finish your homework last night?      
    What did you do the day before yesterday?

考点名称:一般过去时

  • 一般过去时:
    表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
    基本结构:
    主语+动词过去式+其他;
    否定形式①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词;
    一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。

  • 一般过去时句法结构:
    肯定形式
    主语+动词过去式+其他
    例句:She often came to help us in those days.
    否定形式
    ①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词
    例句:I didn't know you like coffee
    一般疑问句
    ①Did+主语+do+其他? ②Was\Were+主语+表语?
    例句:Did I do that?
    用表格整理如下:
    肯定式 疑问式 否定式 疑问否定式
    Iworked Did I work? I did not work Did I not work?
    He(She,It) worked Did he(she,it) work? He(she,it) did not work Did he(she,it) notwork?
    We worked Did we work? We did not work Did we not work?
    You worked Did you work? You did not work Did you not work?
    They worked Did they work? They did not work Did they not work?
    记忆口诀:
    一般过去时并不难,过去动作、状态记心间。
    动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。
    否定句很简单,didn't 站在动原前,其它部分不要变。
    一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动原、其它部分依次站。
    特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。
    最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记!

    一般过去时中动词过去式变化规则:

    构成

    举例

    一般情况

    词尾+ed

    动词原形

    过去式和过去分词

    look
    talk

    looked
    talked

    以不发音字母e结尾

    词尾+d

    like
    arrive

    liked
    arrived

    以“辅以字母+y”结尾

    变y为i,再加ed

    fly
    study

    flied
    studied

    以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母

    双写词尾+ed

    stop
    plan

    stopped
    planned 


    结构句型:

    1.一般句子
    I watched TV last night.
    2.一般疑问句
    Did you watch TV last night?
    3.there be 句型
    There was an apple on the table last night.
    Was there an apple on the table last night

  • 一般过去时注意事项:
    1.注意主句与从句中时态的一致性
    如果主句用了过去时,从句中一般也要用过去式,或者过去进行时、过去完成时等。例如:
    He believed that he was right. 他相信自己是对的。
    I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。
    I thought they were with you. 我以为他们和你在一起。

    2.在口语中, 一般过去时并不一定指真正的过去,而只是表示一种礼貌性语气。例如:
    I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favor. 不知你可否帮我一个忙。
    I wanted (want) to ask if I could borrow your car. 我想问问可否借用你的车。
    I hoped (hope) you could (can) give me some advice. 我希望你能帮我出点主意。
    Did (Do) you want to see me? 你想见我吗?

    3.used to
    used to 是一个词组,表示“过去曾经是……而现在已经停止了”的动作。例如:
    I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。(而现在不这样了)
    I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(而现在不在早晨散步了)

  • 一般过去式用法:
    (1)一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。
    一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去的事情。
    句式:主语+动词过去式+宾语+其它
    I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟茱莉雅说了几句话。
    He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了。

    (2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:
    yesterday,last week ,in  the  past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等.
    (句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响)。
    Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗?(你现在不饿吗?)
    Yes,I have. 是的,我已经吃过了。(已经吃饱了,不想再吃了。)
    When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的?(关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。)
    I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大约是十分钟以前吃的。)
    Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。
    I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。
    I ate it at 6:45。我在六点四十五分吃了。

    (3)带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时。如:
    yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(两天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前几天)、
    once upon a time(很久以前)、 just now(刚才)、in the old days(过去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前…)、
    When I was 8 years old(当我八岁时…)、at+一个时间点
    Did you have a party the other day?前几天,你们开了晚会了吗?
    Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷锋是个好战士。
    注:在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。

    (4)表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时。这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。
    The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.
    那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。

    (5)表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always,never等连用。
    Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。
    (只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)
    比较:
    Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。
    (说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)
    Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。
    (表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦)
    I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。
    (不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)

    (6)如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do(过去常常做,而现在不那样做了)
    He used to drink alcohol.他过去喝酒。
    (意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)
    I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。
    (意味着现在不在早晨散步了)
    比较:
    I took a walk in the morning.我曾经在早晨散过步。
    (只是说明过去这一动作)

    (7)有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时。
    I didn''t know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。
    (因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.)
    I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。
    (这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)

  • 一般过去时三变技巧:
    一变:肯定句变为否定句
    技巧1.当句中含有情态动词或助动词could,would,should等时,可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如:
    I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.
    技巧2.当句中含有系动词was,were 时,可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如:
    I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me.
    技巧3.当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在该动词之前加did not / didn't,动词还原,构成否定句。例如:
    The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.

    二变:陈述句变为一般疑问句
    技巧1.移动词语的位置。将was,were, could,would,should等移到句首。例如:
    He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?
    技巧2.添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在主语之前加did,动词还原。例如:
    Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old?

    三变:陈述句变为特殊疑问句
    技巧1.确定疑问词:人who / whom,物what,地点where,时间when / what time,原因why,频率how often,长度how long,距离how far等等。例如:
    They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert?
    技巧2.辨认结构形式:疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+...? 例如:
    The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen?

考点名称:过去将来时

  • 过去将来时:
    表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。
    去将来时的出发点是过去,即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。

  • 过去将来时表达法:
    1. would+动词原形
      例如:When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you.
    2. was/were going to+动词原形
      例如:He told ustaht he was going to attend the meeting.
    3. was/were to+动词原形
      例如:Li Lei was to arrive soon.
    4. was/were about to+动词原形
      例如:We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.
    5. was/were+现在分词
      例如:He was leaving the next day.

    句型结构
    肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~.
    否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~.
    疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?

    肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.
    否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~.
    疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~?
    过去将来时的构成和一般将来时一样,只不过把助动词be变为过去式,把will,shall变为过去式。
    例句:I didn''t know if he would come. =I didn''t know if he was going to come. 我不知道他是否会来。

  • 过去将来时具体用法:
    一、would+不定式
    1.用“would+不定式”表示过去将来时间通常带有表示过去将来的时间状语,而且多见于从属分句。
    He said he would come back the next day.
    2.如果要表示在过去将来某一时间正在进行得动作,可用“would+不定式进行体”。
    例如:He never imagined that some day he would be living away from his motherland.
    这种“would+不定式进行体”结构也可能仅仅表示一般过去过去将来时间,如同“will/shall+不定式进行体”表示一般将来时间一样。、
    例如:He told me that Mary would be coming the next day.
    如果要表示在过去将来某时以前业已发生得事态,可用“would+不定式完成体”。
    例如:The delegation would have arrived by four o'clock that afternoon.
    如果要表示从过去某时开始一直延续到过去将来某时得动作或事态,可用“would+不定式完成进行体”。
    例如: She said that by the end of May she would have been studying medicine for three years

    二、was/were going to +不定式
    用做表示过去将来,也通常带有表示过去将来时间得状语。
    例如: He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.
    用做表示的动作或事态,也可以是没有实现的意图。
    例如:Last  Sunday we were going to go for a picnic but it rained .

    三、was/were to +不定式
    用做表示过去将来,通常指按过去的计划安排将在某个过去将来时间发生得事态。
    例如:They  were not to get away with it if they continued to violate the law.
    用作表示过去将来的安排,如果这个安排后来被取消了,没有实现,则用“was/were to +不定式完成体”表示,并可与表示现在、过去或将来得时间状语连用。 此外,其也可用作于表示以后不可避免得要发生得事件。
    例如:They said goodbye,little knowing they were never to meet again.

    四、was/were about to +不定式
    用半助动词be about to 的过去时形式也可使其表示过去将来。这种结构通常指最近的过去将来事态,而且在一定语境中通常指未曾实现的意图:
    例如:We were about to start when it began to rain .

    五、某些动词的过去进行时可表示过去将来时
    come,go,leave,arrive,start等严格按照时间表发生的表起止的动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。
    例1:He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车第二天早晨出发。
    例2:She told me she was coming to see me.她告诉我她要来看我。

    六、特定场合的一般过去时可表示过去将来时
    条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
    例1:I didn't know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么时候来,但她来了我会告诉你。
    析:第一个when引导宾语从句,可使用将来时,第二个when引导时间状语从句,只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
    例2:I didn't know if she would come,but if she came I would let you know.我不知道她是否来,但如果她来我会告诉你。
    析:第一个if引导宾语从句,可使用将来时,第二个if引导条件状语从句,只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。

考点名称:介词

  • 介词:
    是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。
    介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。

  • 介词的分类:
    (1)表示时间,处所:从 自 自从 于 打 到 往 在 当 朝 向 顺着 沿着 随着
    (2)表示方式:按 照 按照 依 依照 本着 经过 通过 根据 以 凭
    (3)表示目的:为 为了 为着
    (4)表示原因:因 由于 因为
    (5)表示对象,范围:对 对于 把 向 跟 与 同 给 关于
    (6)表示排除:除 除了 除去 除非
    (7)表示被动:被 叫 让 给
    (8)表示比较:比 和 同
    上述介词中的“着,了,过”是语素,不是动态助词。

  • 介词at, in, on的区别: 
    1. 表示时间,注意以下用法:
    (1) 表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用 at。如:
    I get up at six in the morning. 我早上六点钟起床。
    He got married at the age of 25. 他 25 岁结婚。
    (2) 泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间,一般用 in。如:
    We watch TV in the evening. 我们晚上看电视。
    He went to Japan in 1946. 他于 1946 去了日本。
    (3) 若表示星期几或某一特定的日期,则用 on。如:
    He left here on the fifth of May. 他于 5 月 5 日离开这儿。

    2. 表示地点、场所、位置等,注意以下用法:
    (1) 表示某一点位置,用 at。如:
    We live at No 87 Beijing Road. 我们住在北京路 87 号。
    The hospital is at the end of the street. 医院在这条街的尽头。
    与名词所有格连用表示地点,也用 at。如:
    at my sister’s 在我姐姐家  at the doctor’s 在医务室
    (2) 表示空间或范围,用 in。如:
    What’s in the box? 这盒子里有什么?
    He lives in Paris with his wife. 他同他妻子住在巴黎。
    但有时两者可换用。如:
    The meeting was held at [in] the hotel. 会议在宾馆举行。
    (3) at 与 in 的另一个区别是:at 用于指较小的地方,而 in 用于指较大的地方。如:
    in Shanghai 在上海    at the station 在车站
    但是,大与小是相对的,有时随着说话者的着眼点不同,大地方也可能用 at(比如把一个大地方看作一个点时)。如:
    Our plane refuelled at London. 我们的飞机在伦敦加油。
    We stopped for an hour at Moscow on our way to Paris. 我们在去巴黎的途中在莫斯科停了 1 个小时。
    (4) 介词 on 用于地点,主要指在某物的表面。如:
    What’s on the table? 桌上有什么?
    There’s a wallet lying on the ground. 地上有个钱包。
    注:在少数搭配中,也用介词 on。如:
    He works on a farm. 他在农场工作。

    3. 在某些搭配中,三者的区别与英国英语和美国英语有关:
    in the street (英) / on the street (美) 在街上
    in the road (英) / on the road (美) 在路上
    in the team (英) / on the team (美) 在这个队
    at the weekend (英) / on the weekend (美) 在周末
    at weekends (英) / on weekends (美) 在周末
    4. 有时三者的差别与搭配习惯和用法有关:
    in bed / on the bed 在床上
    in the tree (多指树外之物) / on the tree (多指树本身之物) 在树上

    介词besides,but,except的用法区别:
     1. 三者都可表示“除外”,但 besides 表示一种累加关系,意指“除了什么之外,还有……”;
    而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系,意指“除了什么之外,不再有……”。如:
    Besides his wife,his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外,他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。
    Nobody went to see him except [but] his wife. 除他妻子外,没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。
    注:在否定句中,besides 也表示“除……之外不再有…… ”,与but, except 同义。如:
    No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外,没一个人通过考试。

    2. 关于 but 与 except:
    (1) 两者都可表示“除……外不再有……”,但含义上略有差别:
    but侧重指意义的几乎完整性,而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分。比较:
    All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。
    All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。
    (2) 在现代英语中,but 的介词用法十分有限,一般说来,它只能用在下列词语之后:
    ① no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等
    ② any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等
    ③ every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等
    ④ all, none 等
    ⑤ who, what, where 等
    Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。
    I haven’t told anybody but you. 除你之外,我没告诉任何人。
    No one but he [him] showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。
    一般说来,若没有出现上述词汇,就不宜使用介词 but,否则可能造成错句。但是 except 却没有以上限制。比较:
    正:The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外,这扇窗户从不打开。
    误:The window is never opened but in summer.
    (3) but 一定不能用于句首,except 通常不用于句首:
    除我之外每个人都累了。
    正:Everyone is tired but (except) me.
    正:Everyone but (except) me is tired.
    误:But (Except) me, everyone is tired.
    注:except for 可用于句首,表示 except 的意思:
    正:Except for me, everyone is tired.

    3. 关于 except 与 except for:
    except 主要用来谈论同类的东西,而 except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西,有时含有惋惜之意。如:
    All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外,其他的作文都写得很好。
    His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错,只是有几处拼写错误。
    注:若用于句首,则 except for 与 except 同义(但 except 通常不用于句首)。

    4. 关于 except for 与 but for:
    except for 主要表示排除,but for 主要表示一种虚拟条件(与虚拟语气连用)。如:
    Except for me, everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外,大家都通过了考试。
    But for my help, she would not have passed the exam. 若不是我的帮助,她就不会通过考试。
    But for the atmosphere plants would die. 如果没有大气,植物就会死亡。
    5. besides 除用作介词外,还用作副词,其意为“此外”、“而且”,可用于分句句首(通常用逗号隔开)或句尾。如:
    I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired. 我不想去,而且我也太累了。
    This car belongs to Smith, and he has two others besides. 这部车是史密斯的,此外他还有两部。

  • 介词的用法口诀:<?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

    早、午、晚要用inat黎明、午夜、点与分。

    年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in

    将来时态in。。。以后,小处at大处in

    有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in

    特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in

    介词atto表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。

    日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,

    收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、着论。

    着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。

    特定时日和“一……就”,on后常接动名词。

    年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前onin

    步行、驴、马、玩笑oncabcarriage则用in

    at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。

    工具、和、同随with,具有、独立、就、原因。

    就……来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。

    海、陆、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类knowtoman

    thisthattomorrowyesterdaynextlastone

    接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。

    overunder正上下,abovebelow则不然,

    若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。‘

    beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反。

    besidesexcept分内外,among之内along沿。

    同类比较except,加for异类记心间。

    原状becauseof,、owingtodueto表语形容词

    under后接修、建中,offrom物、化分。

    beforeafter表一点,agolater表一段。

    before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。

    since以来during间,since时态多变换。

    与之相比beside,除了lastbutone

    复不定for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。

    快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。

    butfor否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。

    ing型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。

    之后、关于、在。。。。。。方面,有关介词须记全。

    into外表位置,山、水、国界to在前。

考点名称:虚拟语气句

  • 虚拟语气:
    用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
    虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

  • 初中阶段主要学习在条件句中的虚拟语气。
    条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。

    时间

    条件从句 

    主句 

    例句 

    与现在事实相反

    If+主语+过去式(系
    动词be多用were)

    would
    主语+should+V 
    could

    见①②句

    与过去事实相反

    If+主语+had+过去分词

    Would
    主语+should+have+过    
    去分词 
    could

    见③④句

    与将来事实相反

    过去式    
    If+主语+ should+V原 
    were to+V

    would
    主语+should+V 
     could 
     

    见⑤⑥句

    例句:
    ① If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
    ② If I won a million dollars, I would give it to charities.
    ③ If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed.
    ④ If I had known that earlier, I wouldn’t have done it. 
    ⑤ If he should go to Tsinghua University, he would make full use of his time.
    ⑥ If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.

  • 虚拟语气误区:
    1.混合条件句的主从句时态不会灵活变化;
    2.省略if时,句子调整不正确;
    3.不会去找意思中的“应该”含义;
    4.陷在虚拟中出不来,把真实条件句当成虚拟条件句。

    省略虚拟条件:
    1.省略连词if
    有时可将条件从句的连词if省略,但此时应用倒装句型,即把从句中的were,should,had 等提到句首:
    Were I Tom,I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆,我会拒绝。
    Should it be necessary,I would go. 假若有必要,我会去的。
    Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了。
    【注】
    ① 若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成Weren’t,Shouldn’t,Hadn’t而置于句首。
    ② 有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词:
    Had I time,I would come. 假若我有时间,我会来的。(=If I had time…)

    2.省略主语和动词be
    若主从句主语一致,且谓语部分包含有动词be,通常可将主语和动词be省略:
    If repaired earlier,the tractor would not have broken down.
    要是早点儿修一下,拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)

    3.省略“it+be”
    If necessary,I would send more farmhands to help you.
    如果需要的话,我会派更多的人去帮你。(=If it was necessary,…)

    4.省略条件从句
    这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文,即省略条件从句后,所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的:
    I might see her personally. It would be better.
    我可以亲自去看她,这样好一些。(=If I saw her personally,it would be better.)

    含蓄条件句中
    (1) 条件暗含在短语中。如:
    We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
    我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话。(暗含条件是otherwise)
    Without your help,we wouldn’t have achieved so much.
    没有你的帮助,我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。
    (暗含条件是介词短语without your help)
    But for your help,I would not have succeeded in the experiment.
    如果没有你的帮助,我的实验就不会成功。(暗含条件是but for your help)
    It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately.
    不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障。
    (暗含条件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately)
    (2) 条件暗含在上下文中。如:
    I would not have done it that way.
    我是不会那么做的。(可能暗含if I were you)
    I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you.
    我那天很忙。否则我会来帮你的。(可能暗含if I hadn’t been so busy.)
    You might come to join us in the discussion.
    你可以参加我们的讨论。(可能暗含if you wanted to)
    I would have bought the DVD player.
    我是会买下那台影碟机的。(可能暗含if I had the money)
    But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.
    要不是碰到暴雨,我们还会早些到。(可能暗含if it had not been for the storm)。

  • 条件状语从句用法及动词形式:
    1、表示与现在事实相反的情况:
    从句:If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were)
    主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do
    eg: 
    1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella.
    如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)
    2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.
    如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)
    3.If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.
    如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)
    4.If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.
    如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没有带钱)
    5.If he studied harder,he might pass the exam.
    如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:没有努力)
    6.she looked at me as if I had been a stranger.
    她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。(事实:我并非陌生人) 
    2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
    从句:If 主语+had+done
    主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done
    eg:
    1.If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)
    2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话)
    3、表示对将来情况的主观推测
    主句:主语+should+do 
    从句:
    ①if+主语+were to do
    ②if+主语+should/would/could/might+do
    ③if+主语+did(动词过去式)/were
    eg:
    1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
    如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小)
    2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.
    如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:下雪可能性很小)
    3.If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.
    如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。(事实:来的可能性很小)
    4、 有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。
    ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
    eg:
    If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.
    如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了
    If they had informed us,we would not come here now.
    如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。
    ②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如:
    If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.
    如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。
    If he knew her,he would have greeted her.
    要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。
    5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。eg:
    Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.
    要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。
    Were she here,she would agree with us.
    如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。
    Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.
    如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
    6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without…,but for…等  
    eg:
    But for his help,we would be working now.
    要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。
    Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.
    要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步。
    We didn't know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.
    我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话。
    7、有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
    ①省略从句
    He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
    You could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。
    ②省略主句
    If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
    If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。
    8.注意,在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be的过去时态一律用were,不用was。
    eg:If I were you,I would go to look for him.
    如果我是你,就会去找他。

  • 虚拟语气的其他用法:
    1、一想要( desire )
    一宁愿( prefer )
    一坚持( insist )
    二命令( order , command )
    三建议( advise , suggest , propose/recommend)
    四要求( demand , require , request , ask)中,
    无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:"should + do"。should可以省略。
    eg:
    He suggested that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
    He insisted that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
    He demand that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
    He ordered that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
    insist 意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气;意为“坚持某种观点,某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。eg:
    He insists he is a student.
    他坚持说他是个学生。
    这个语句表示的是事实,因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。
    suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。
    eg:
    His face suggests that he looks worried .
    他的表情暗含着他很担心。
    这个句子本身是事实,因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。
    2、表情绪、观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气。如:
    necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity ,the shame ,no wonder等。
    句型:It is.......that +主语从句,从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型或 只用动词原型。
    eg:
    Do you think it is necessary that he (should)not be sent to Lingbao.
    It is strange that such a person should be our friend.
    奇怪的是这样一个人会成为我们的朋友。
    注:这一点还没有准确的说法,希望善心人能把这点补充完全。
    3、 在even if,even though 所引导的让步状语从句中用may/might+动词原形,may/might可以省略,表示与现在相反的情况;
    从句用过去完成时,表示与过去相反的情况,类似的词有though/even though/whatever/however/so long as; 主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。
    eg:
    Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do.
    即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。(事实:他没来)
    Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.
    即使华佗在世也救不了他。(事实:华佗不在世)
    4、 在whatever,whichever,whenever,whoever,wherever,however,no matter wh-等引导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为:指现在或将来:may +do。
    eg:
    We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.
    不管发生什么事,我们都要按时完成。
    We will find him wherever he may be.
    无论他在哪里,我们都要找到他。
    I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.
    不管他来的多么晚,我都会等他。
    指过去:may +have done 。
    eg:
    You mustn't be proud whatever great progress you may have made.
    不管你取得了多么大的进步,你也不能骄傲。
    We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made.
    不管他犯过什么错误,我们必须尊敬他。
    5、一般would rather,had rather,would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:
    过去 had + done 
    现在 过去时(be 用were )
    将来 过去时(be 用were ) (would rather 将来情况用一般过去时)
    eg:
    I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday.
    我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
    I'd rather you were here now.
    我倒想你现在在这儿。
    We'd rather you went here tomorrow.
    我们倒想你明天去那儿
    注:注意would rather,had rather,would sooner的细微差别,可以百度一下查查。
    6、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中,表示:“早该做某事了”时,定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:
    It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do(优先使用动词过去式) ,即从句用虚拟过去式。
    It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.
    我该去学校接我的女儿了。
    It is high time you should go to work.
    你早该上班了。
    7、 简单句中的虚拟语气
    (1) 说话时,为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌,言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为:would / could / might / should +do。
    eg:
    Would you mind me shutting the door?
    你介意我把门关起来吗?
    You should always learn this lesson by heart.
    你要把这个教训牢记于心。
    I should agree with you.
    我本该同意你的观点。(委婉的不同意)
    (2)表示“祝愿”时,常用may + 主语+ do。
    eg:
    May you have a good journey!
    祝你一路顺风。
    May your youth last forever!
    祝你青春永驻。
    (3)表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时,常用do。
    eg:God bless us. 上帝保佑。
    (4)习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。
    ① 提出请求或邀请。eg:
    Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?
    今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗?
    Could I use your bike now?
    我可以用一下你的单车吗?
    ② 陈述自己的观点或看法。eg:
    I should be glad to meet you.
    见到你我会很高兴。
    I would try my best to help you.
    我会尽力帮助你。
    ③提出劝告或建议。eg:
    You'd better ask your father first.
    你最好先问一问你的父亲。
    You should make a full investigation of it first.
    你应该先全面调查一番。
    ④ 提出问题。eg:
    Do you think he could get here on time
    你认为他能按时来吗?
    Do you expect he would tell us the truth?
    你期望他会告诉我们真相吗?
    ⑤表示对过去情况的责备时,常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:情态动词 + have done。
    eg:
    You should have got here earlier. 你早该到这里了。
    You should have returned it to him. 你早该把它还给他了。
    8、虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。详见百度百科之方式状语从句词条。



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