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改错题。 I went out to see a film with my brother after sup-per. On our way to the cinema, we meet an Americangirl named Alice, she had got lost and looked very-九年级英语

[db:作者]  2020-01-02 00:00:00  零零社区

题文

改错题。
     I went out to see a film with my brother after sup-     
per. On our way to the cinema, we meet an American       
girl named Alice, she had got lost and looked very         
anxious. We went up to see that was the matter. We         
then took him to the hotel. While going there, I           
told her the great changes that had been taken place       
in  our country in the past few years, and Alice tell        
us a lot about youth in America.                          
     Although we missed .the film, but we felt very hap- 
for we had not only helped Alice get out of troubles       
but also known something about the States. We see Eng-     
lish can strength understanding and friendship.           
            
1. ______   
2. ______    
3. ______    
4. ______            
5. ______  
6. ______  
7. ______    
8. ______            
9. ______   
            
10.______   
题型:改错题  难度:中档

答案

1. meet-met
2. she-who
3. that-what
4. him-her 
5. been 去掉
6. tell-told
7. youth 前加the
8. but 去掉
9. troubles-trouble 
10. strength-strengthen                                                         

据专家权威分析,试题“改错题。 I went out to see a film with my brother after sup-..”主要考查你对  实义动词的过去式,可数名词(单数名词,复数名词),定冠词(the),人称代词,疑问代词,关系代词  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:

实义动词的过去式可数名词(单数名词,复数名词)定冠词(the)人称代词疑问代词关系代词

考点名称:实义动词的过去式

  • 表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。
    动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。

  • 实意动词过去式变化规则:
    分类 构成 例句
    一般情况下 在词尾直接加ed ask—asked
    work—worked
    以不发音的e结尾 只加d

    love—loved

    dance—danced

    以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i,再加-ed try—tried
    study—studied
    以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的
    重读音节结尾的动词
    先双写末尾一个字母,再加ed stop—stopped
    permit—permitted
    “-ed”的读音规则 1.在清辅音后面读[t],如:help—helped[helpt]
    2.在浊辅音或元音后读[d],如:learn—learned
    3.在[t]和[d]后读[id],如:want—wantedneed—needed
    注:以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;
    尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveled/traveled。
    特例:picnic—picnicked,另外还有很多动词的过去式是不合乎上述规则的,常见的有:
    常用的有:
    begin—began,         bring—brought,        come—came,        draw—drew,
    drink—drank,          drive—drove,          eat—ate,                feel—felt,
    get—got,                  give—gave,              go—went,             grow—grew,
    have (has)—had,      keep—kept,            know—knew,       leave—left,  
    make—made,           read—read,            run—ran,               say—said,
    see—saw,                sit—sat

  • 几个特殊实意动词过去式用法:
    a.beat的过去式与原形同形:   
    beat(打击) 
    beat(过去式) 
    beaten(过去分词)   
    b.lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同   
    lie,lied, lied(说谎)   
    lay, lain(躺,位于)   

    c.hang有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同   
    hang,hanged, hanged(处绞刑)   
    hung, hung(挂,吊)   

    d. welcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词   
    welcome welcomed, welcomed(正)   
    welcome, welcome(误)   

    e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词   
    hit(打) 
    hit, hit(正)   
    hitted, hitted(误) 

  • 实意动词过去式用法基本句式:
    1.主+V-ed+宾+其它。。。(肯定句)
    2.主+didn't+V原+宾+其它。。。
    3.Did+主+V原+宾+其它。。。+?
    4.回答:Yes,主语代词+did\No,主语代词+didin't.
    5.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。

  • 实义动词的一般过去时态:
    肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.

    肯定句为:
    主语+动词过去式+宾语    如:
    I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.

    否定句:
    主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语  如:
    I didn't go home yesterday.  He didn't tell me about you.

    疑问句:
    一般疑问句:
    Did +主语+动词原形+宾语
    如:Did you go home yesterday?  
    Did you study in the school?
    肯定回答: Yes, I did.    
    否定回答:No, I didn't.

    特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did +主语+动词原型+宾语
    When did you finish your homework last night?      
    What did you do the day before yesterday?

考点名称:可数名词(单数名词,复数名词)

  • 可数名词:
    是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;
    因此它有复数形式,当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时,句子的谓语也应用复数形式。

  • 名词单数变复数的规则:
    情况 构成方法 例词 读音
    一般情况 在词尾加-s desk→desks
    map→maps
    -s在清辅音后发/s/
    day→days
    girl→girls
    -s在元音和浊辅音后发/z/
    以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词 在词尾加-es bus→buses box→boxes watch→watches fish→fishes -es发/iz/音
    以辅音字母加-y结尾的词 变y为i再加-es family→families
    factory→factories
    party→patries
    -ies发/iz/音
    以元音字母加-y结尾的词 在词尾加-s day→days
    boy→boys
    key→keys
    -s发/z/音
    以f或fe结尾的词 变f或fe为v再加-es knife→knives
    life→lives
    wife→wives
    half→halves
    -ves发/vz/音
    以辅音字母加-o结尾的词 在词尾加-es potato→potatoes
    tomato→tomatoes
    hero→heroes
    -es发/z/音
    以元音字母加-o结尾的词 在词尾加-s radio→radios
    zoo→zoos
    -s发/z/音
    巧记以f\fe结尾的可数名词复数
    妻子骑牛拿起刀,wife,calf,knife ↑
    追得贼狼满街跑,thief,wolf →→→变f或fe为v,再加es
    碰倒架子丧己命,shelf,self,life ↓
    手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief,leaf,half ↓

  • 名词复数的不规则变化:
    1.不规则形式:
    child→children(儿童)
    man→men(男人)
    woman→women (女人)
    an Englishman→two Englishmen(英国人)
    foot→feet(脚)
    tooth→teeth(牙)
    mouse→mice(老鼠)
    ox →oxen(公牛)
    goose→geese(鹅)

    2.单复同形:
    deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese, species,means,Swiss
    除人民币,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。
    如:a dollar,two dollars; a meter,twometers

    3.集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数:
    people police cattle是复数
    (OK :a person,a policeman,ahead of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss )
    (Error:a people,a police,a cattle )
    表示国民总称时,作复数用。
    (The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。)

    4.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词
    maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
    news是不可数名词。

    5.表示由两部分构成的东西,
    glasses(眼镜) trousers (长裤) clothes(衣服)
    若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双)a pair of glasses  two pairs of trousers suit(套)

    6.另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思
    goods (货物) waters (水域) fishes (各种鱼)

  • 可数名词变复数的几种形式: 
    1) 单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.   
    2) 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.  
    3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies.   
    4) 以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs,proofs, chiefs.  
    5) 以o结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.  其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos.   
    6) 不规则名词:foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→men, woman→women, mouse→mice.
    7) 单复数同形的名词:sheep,fish,dee.
    注意:fish表示种类时,也用fishes这样的形式。

考点名称:定冠词(the)

  • 定冠词:
    具有确定的意思,用以特指人或事物,表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个,以别于同类中其他的人或事物,或用在世界上“独一无二”的事物的名词前,相当于汉语中的“那个” 或“这个”的意思。它可以和单、复数名词,也可以和不可数的名词连用。
    例如:The panda is one of the animals most in danger. 
                Italy is in the south of Europe. 
                The earth goes round the sun. .

    基本用法:
    1).  用以特指某(些)人或某(些)事物
    This is the house where Luxun once lived.
    这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。
    2). 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物
    Open the door, please.
    请把门打开。
    3). 用以复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用“a或an”,以后再次提到用“the”)
    Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to
    look for food for him.
    从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。
    4). 用在序数词和形容词和最高级前
    January is the first month of the year.
    一月份是一年当中的第一个月。
    5). 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物
    the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮
    6). 指由普通名词构成的专有名词
    the West Lake 西湖 the Great Wall 长城
    7). 表示方向、方位
    in the east 在东方 in the west 在西方
    8). 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前
    the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Yellow River 黄河
    9). 在姓氏复数前,表示一家人
    The Bakers came to see me yesterday.
    贝克一家人昨天来看我。
    10). 和某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,代表一类人或物
    the poor 穷人 the rich 富人
    11). 表示演奏乐器时,乐器的前面要加the
    play the piano 弹钢琴
    play the violin 拉小提琴
    [中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:play erhu(二胡)]
    12).某些固定的表达法
    in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午
    in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影

  • 关于定冠词The 的用法  :
    1 表示特指的人或物
    例:Please hand me the key on the desk. 请把桌上的钥匙递给我。
    The girl in red is his sister. 穿红色衣服的女孩是他妹妹。
    The building over there is the tallest in the town. 那边那幢大楼是这个城里最高的。
    I like the music of the film. 我喜欢这部电影的音乐。

    2 表示双方都知道的或心中明白的人或物
    例:Shut the door, please. 请关门。
    Has he returned the book? 那本书他还了吗?
    Take the blue one, it is cheaper. 拿那个蓝的,它便宜些。

    3 第二次提到某人或某物第一次提到时用不定冠词,第二次提到时要用定冠词。
    例:He saw a house in the distance. Jim's parents lived in the house. 他看见远处有一所房子,吉姆的父母就住在那所房子里。
    There was once an old fisherman. The old fisherman had a cat. The cat was white. 从前有一个老渔夫。这个老渔夫有一只猫。这只猫是只白猫。

    4 用在世界上独一无二的名词前
    这类词有:
    the sun太阳, the earth地球, the moon月亮, the sky天空, the world 世界
    例:The moon goes round the earth. 月亮绕着地球转。
    There is not any cloud in the sky. 天空中没有一丝云彩。
    It was a fine day in spring. The sun shone brightly. 这是一个晴朗的春日,阳光灿烂。
    He is the richest man in the world. 他是世界上最富的人。

    5 用在表示方向、方位的名词前
    这类词有:
    the east东方,the west西方,the south南方,the north北方,the right右边,the left左边
    例:The birds are flying to the north. 这些鸟向北方飞去。
    The moon rises in the east and sets in the west. 月亮从东方升起,在西方落下。
    The wind was blowing from the south. 风从南方吹来。
    She lived to the west of the Summer Palace. 她住在颐和园的西边。
    Walk along the road and take the first turning on the right. 沿着这条路往前走,在第一个路口往右拐。
    He stood at the back of the door. 他站在门背后。
    提示 :
    方位词成对使用构成平行结构时,不用定冠词。
    例:The river is two thousand kilometers long from west to east. 这条河自西向2000公里长。
    They traveled through the country from south to north. 他们自南向北在这个国家旅行。

    6 用在形容词最高级前
    例:Summer is the hottest season of the year. 夏天是一年中最炎热的季节。
    She is the best person for the job. 她是最适合这个工作的人。
    Hangzhou is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. 杭州是世界上最美的城市之一。
    The car is the most expensive of the four. 这部车是四部车中最贵的。

    7 用在序数词等前
    定冠词用在序数词前,也用在表示序列的next, last等前,还有在表示“同一”或“唯一”等的词前。
    例:The first man to land on the moon is an American. 第一个登上月球的人是美国人。
    She was the fifth to climb to the top of the mountain. 她是第五个到达山顶的人。
    This may be the last chance. 这可能是最后一次机会。
    If I miss this train I'll catch the next one. 如果赶不上这趟火车,我就赶下一趟。
    He is the only person who knows the secret. 他是唯一一个知道这个秘密的人。
    The two coats are of the same colour. 这两件外衣颜色相同。
    This is the very book I want. 这正是我要的书。(用very表示强调)
    提示:
    a 序数词表示“又一”时,前面用不定冠词a(an)
    例:He bought a second pair of shoes. 他又买了一双鞋。
    He asked a question, then a second, then a third…他问了一个问题,又问了第二个,第三个……
    b 序数词用作状语或表语时,前面不加定冠词。
    例:George arrived first. 乔治第一个到。
    =George was the first person to arrive.
    Jim and Jack are both second in the match. 汤姆和杰克在比赛中并列第二。

    8 用在单数名词前表示一类人或物,强调整个类别
    例:The orange is a kind of fruit. 橘子是一种水果。
    The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。
    The computer is important to us. 电脑对我们来说是重要的。
    提示:
    不定冠词+单数名词,不带冠词的复数名词也可表示一类人或物。
    例:A car runs faster than a bus. 小汽车比公交车跑得快。
    Cars run faster than buses.
    A dog is a faithful animal. 狗是忠实的动物。
    Dogs are faithful animals.

    9 用在乐器名词前,表示演奏
    例:She can play the piano. 她会弹钢琴。
    He plays the violin very well. 他小提琴拉得很好。
    He played the guitar for the children. 他给孩子们弹了吉他。
    提示:
    但乐器名词表示具体的器物,或表示课程时,不加the.
    例:He bought a piano last month. 他上个月买了一架钢琴。
    She taught piano in the school. 她在学校里教钢琴。

    10 用在江河、海洋、湖泊、群岛、山脉的名称前例:
    the Yangtze River 长江
    the Red Sea 红海
    the West Lake 西湖
    the Pacific 太平洋the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山
    the Nile 尼罗河
    the Rocky Mountains 落基山脉
    the South China Sea 南中国海
    提示:
    例外的情况: Mount Tai泰山 China Daily《中国日报》

    11 用在由普通名词和另外一些词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前
    例:the Great Wall 长城
    the United Nations 联合国
    the New York Times 《纽约时报》
    the United States of America 美国
    the Red Cross Hospital 红十字医院the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会
    the Shanghai Railway Station 上海火车站
    the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国
    the North Pole 北极
    the People's Daily 《人民日报》

    12 用在某些形容词前,表示一类人或物或某种抽象概念
    例:the old 老年人
    the happy 幸福的人
    the poor 穷人
    the aged 老人
    the sick 病人
    the impossible 不可能的事the young 年轻人
    the rich 富人
    the blind 盲人
    the wounded 伤员
    the smooth 顺事
    the beautiful 美,美的东西
    例:The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。
    The good is what people like. 人们总是喜欢美好的东西。
    The wounded have been sent to the hospital. 伤员已经被送到医院去了。

    13 用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人
    例:The Greens will more to the country. 格林一家要搬到乡下去。
    The Wangs came to see us yesterday. 王家一家人昨天来看我们。
    The Browns are very friendly. 布朗夫妇都很友好。

    14 用在表示计算单位的名词前,含有“每,每一”的意思
    例:Jim is paid by the hour. 吉姆的工资按小时付。
    Eggs are sold by the kilogram. 鸡蛋按千克出售。
    This cloth is sold by the yard. 这种布按码出售。
    It sells at three dollars the pound. 它以每磅三美元出售。
    They sell sugar by the pound. 他们按磅卖糖。

    15 用在前面已提到过的人的身体部位或衣着的名词前
    这种用法是先把整个对象说出来,然后再说到那个对象的身体的局部或衣着。
    结构:动词(hit, pull, pat, strike, catch, hold, take)+sb.+介词(in, on, by, across)+身体部位或衣着
    例:She touched him on the shoulder. 她碰了碰他的肩。
    He took the girl by the hand. 他拉着小女孩的手。
    He hit her on the nose. 他打了她的鼻子。
    The stone struck the man in the eye. 石头击中了那人的眼睛。
    I caught her by the right hand. 我抓住她的右手。
    比较:她拍了拍那男孩的头。
    She patted the boy on his head. (误,本结构中身体部位或衣着前不用one's)
    She patted the boy on the head. (正)

    16 用在逢十的复数数词前,表示年代,也指人的大约岁数
    例:The war broke out in the forties. 那场战争发生在40年代。
    He went abroad in the 1980s. 他在20世纪80年代出国的。
    The old man is in the seventies. 老人大约七十几岁。

    17 用在表示自然现象的名词前
    这类名词有:
    the rain 雨,the wind风, the fog雾,the snow雪, the air空气, the storm风暴,the snowstorm 暴风雪
    例:Don't stand in the rain. 不要站在雨中。
    The wind blew down the trees. 风把树刮倒了。
    The ship sank in the storm. 船在风暴中沉没了。
    The rain has cleaned the air. 下雨净洁了空气。
    The fog was so thick that we couldn't see the top of the hill. 雾很大,我们看不见山顶。
    提示
    a 这类名词前有形容词修饰时,可用不定冠词,表示“一场,一阵,一种”
    例:A cold wind is blowing from the north. 冷风从北方吹来。
    There was a heavy rain last night. 昨晚下了一场大雨。
    A heavy snow is falling outside. 外面正下着大雪。
    b 这类名词表示一般物质时,不用冠词。
    例:Rain falls in summer; snow falls in winter. 夏天下雨,冬天下雪。
    Man can't live without air. 没有空气人不能活。

    18 与复数名词连用,指整个群体
    例: They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)
    They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)

    19 表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前
    She caught me by the arm…… 她抓住了我的手臂。

    20 用在某些习惯用语中
    例:
    in the morning 在上午
    in the evening 在晚上
    in the field 在田野里
    in the country 在乡间
    in the sun 在阳光下
    in the distance 在远处
    on the right 在右边
    by the way 顺便说一下
    in the front of 在前部
    in the daytime 白天
    go to the concert 去听音乐会
    at (/in) the beginning 开始
    at the moment 当时,此刻
    all the year round 一年到头
    go to the cinema 去看电影
    go to the theatre 去看戏
    at the weekend 周末in the afternoon 在下午
    in the night 在夜里
    in the sky 在空中
    in the dark 在暗处
    in the rain 在雨中
    in the shade 在阴凉处
    on the left 在左边
    all the time 始终
    in the middle of 在中间
    on the way home 回家途中
    all the same 依然
    on the whole 总之
    at the same time 同时
    on the plane 在飞机上
    in the year 2008 在2008年
    the other day 前几天
    at the bottom of 在……底部
    in the end 终于
    on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面,另一方面
    提示:
    下面几个短语前不加定冠词:
    例:at dawn 在黎明
    at night 在晚上
    at noon 在正午
    at dusk 在黄昏

  • the的固定用法:
    一、在表示方位和方向的名词前面,一般要加the。如:
    The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
    二、在乐器名称前面要加the。如:play the piano。
    三、在形容词最高级或序数词之前一定要加the。如:the first,the best,等等。
    四、表示全体总称(泛指)。
    名词或者形容词前加the,可表示该事物的全体,如:the poor指“穷人”。
    这一用法本身并不难,难在这一全体所表示的“数”上。
    在一开始所举的例子中,the lion指的就是这“一”类,表示的是单数的概念。
    但在下面这个例子中,the old又用单形表示了复数概念。
    The old are apt to catch cold.
    五、另外,定冠词the在固定词组中出现,需要多加注意,逐渐积累。
    如:to tell the truth, to go to the theatre, to keep the peace, with the exception of, in the morning……

  • 定冠词用法顺口溜:
    特指双熟悉,上文已提及;
    世上独无二,序数最高级;
    某些专有名,习语及乐器。
    注:定冠词常用于以下几种情况:
    ①“特指”某个或某些人或物前。例如:
    The books on the desk are mine.书桌上的书是我的。
    “双熟悉”指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物前。例如:
    Where is the teacher?老师在哪里?
    ②上文已经提到的人或事物前。例如:
    I can see a cat.The cat is Lucy's.我能看见一只猫。那只猫是露茜的。
    ③世界上独一无二的事物前。例如:
    The earth goes around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
    ④序数词或形容词最高级前。例如:
    September is the ninth month of the year.九月是一年中的第九个月。
    Mike is the tallest of the three boys.迈克是三个男孩中最高的一个。
    ⑤由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如:
    the Great Wall(长城),
    the People's Park(人民公园)等。
    ⑥一些习惯用语中或乐器前。例如:
    in the day(在白天),
    play the piano(弹钢琴)等。

    不用冠词的几种情况:
    下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前;
    专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭;
    复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前;
    颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
    注:
    ①名词前已有作定语用的this,that,these,those,my,your,his,her,our,their,some等限定词。例如:
    this eraser,her pencil-box,some boxes,these women等。
    ②泛指的不可数名词前一般不用冠词。例如:
    meat,rice,water,bread,tea,milk,juice等。
    ③表示学科的名词前一般不用冠词。例如:
    Chinese,maths,English,physics,history等。
    ④在三餐饭和球类运动前一般不用冠词。例如:
    have breakfast/lunch/supper,play basketball/football/volleyball/table tennis/tennis/pingpong等。
    ⑤复数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。例如:
    His parents are both workers.他父母都是工人。
    The people in the room are doctors.房间里那些人是医生。
    ⑥季节、节日、星期、月份前不用冠词。例如:
    autumn,winter,Teachers' Day,Children's Day,Sunday,Wednesday,February,October等。
    ⑦表示颜色、语种和国家的名词前不用冠词。例如:
    white,brown,French(法语),Japanese(日语),Australia,America(美国)等。
    ⑧表示称呼语的名词之前以及职务、头衔的名词后也跟有名词时不用冠词。例如:
    What's wrong,Granny?老奶奶,怎么啦?
    Doctor Green is a scientist.格林博士是位科学家。

  •  

考点名称:人称代词

  • 人称代词:
    人称代词是用来表示人的代词,有单数和复数之分,有主格和宾格之分。人称代词的主格在句中作主语;人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语,也可作动词或介词的宾语。  
    主格:I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主语
    宾格:me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作宾语
    He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一个班级。
    Can you see them in the street? 你能看见他们在街上吗?

  • 人称代词在句中的作用:
    1)主格作主语。如:
    I am Chinese.我是中国人。
    2)宾格作宾语,放在及物动词或介词之后,有时还可以在口语中用作表语。如:
    ①I don't know her.我不认识她。(动词宾语)
    ②What's wrong with it?它怎么了?(介词宾语)
    ③-Open the door,please.
    3)作表语
    作表语一般用主格, 但在口语中也常用宾格
    I saw at once it was her.我一下子看到了她。
    It's me.请开门,是我。(表语)
    4)作同位语
    作同位语是用宾格
    We ,us ,there,will be able to fulfill the task.我们三人就能完成这项任务。

  • 主宾格的替换:
    一、宾格代替主格
    a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not后,多用宾语。
      ---- I like English. --我喜欢英语。
      ---- Me too. --我也喜欢。
      ---- Have more wine? --再来点酒喝吗?
      ---- Not me. --我可不要了。
    b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格。
      He is taller than I/me.
      He is taller than I am.

    二、主格代替宾格
    a.在介词but,except后,有时可用主格代替宾格。
    b.在电话用语中常用主格。
      ---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。
      ---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。
    注意:在动词be或to be后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。
      I thought it was she. 我以为是她。 (主格----主格)
      I thought it to be her. (宾格----宾格)
      I was taken to be she. 我被当成了她。 (主格----主格)
    They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)

  • 人称代词用法:
    一、人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语,往往用在动词或介词后面。
    例:1.Listen to me,Dad.
    2.Peter is sitting behind me.
    3.Let me got here now.
    4.Give me an orange,please.

    二、you既是"你"或"你们"的主格,又是它们的宾格;her既是"她"的所有格,又是它的宾格。我们可以根据它们在句子中的位置来判断它们属于主格、所有格还是宾格。

    三、and是一个我们常用来连接两个词的连接词。它虽然与介词with有同样的意思,但它的前后可以是人称代词的主语,也可以是人称代词的宾格,而with只能跟人称代词的宾格。
    如:You and I are going to school.
      You are going to school with me.

    四、第三人称代词单数:er,sie,es 及 复数 sie 可指代人或物以及其它抽象概念等。此时,它们的性,数,格要与被指代的名词一致。

    人称代词用法口诀:

    人称代词分主/宾,只有八对要区分。
    你(们)、它主/宾同一形,其余主/宾须分清。
    谓语之前主格填,动/介之后宾格跟,
    口语运用最灵活,表语也可用宾格。
    人称代词并列现,注意顺序礼貌见,
    二一、三一、二三一,第一人称最谦虚,
    若把错误责任担,第一人称须当先。
    动前主格动后宾,名前形容介后宾;
    如果名词含在内,选用名物代就行。

    人称代词并列用法的排列顺序:
    1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:
    第二人称→第三人称→第一人称
    即:you and I;he/she/itandI;you,he/she/it and I
    2)复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:
    第一人称→第二人称→第三人称
    即:we and you;you and they;we,you and they

  • 人称代词的变格形式

    人称

    单数

    复数

    主格

    宾格

    主格

    宾格

    第一人称

    I

    me

    we

    us

    第二人称

    you

    you

    you

    you

    第三人称

    he
    she
    it

    him
    her
    it

    they 

    them

  • 人称代词的形式:
    在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es  
    一、人称代词he,she,it是第三人称单数。如: 
    He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 
    She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 
    It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。 

    二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如: 
    ①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 
    ②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 
    ③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 

    三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: 
    ①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 
    ②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 
    ③That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。 ④The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。 

    四、不定代词someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something等及指示代词this,that作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: 
    ①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 
    ②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 
    ③This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。 
    ④That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。 

    五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如: 
    ①The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 
    ②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 

    六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如: 
    ①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。 
    ②"I" is a letter. "I"是个字母。

考点名称:疑问代词

  • 疑问代词:
    疑问代词在句中起名词的作用,用来构成疑问句。常用的疑问代词有:   
    what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever   
    疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有词性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。 
    what, which, whose还可作限定词。
    Whose books are these on the desk?
    桌上的书是谁的?
    What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?
    美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?
    What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?
    哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?
    疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个:
    指 人: who, whom, whose
    指 物: what
    既可指人又可指物: which

  • 疑问代词说明:
    一、无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如:
    Which girls do you like best?
    你喜欢哪几个姑娘?
    What girls do you like best?
    你喜欢什么样的姑娘?

    二、Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如:
    Who(m) did you meet on the street?
    你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)
    Who(m) are you taking the book to?
    你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)
    To whom did you speak on the campus?
    你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词 后,不能用who取代。)

    三、疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句未,例如:
    For what do most people live and work?大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体)
    What are you looking for?你在找什么?(现代英语)

    四、疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如:
    I can't make out what he is driving at.
    我不知道他用意何在。
    Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?
    你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?
    Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.
    你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。

  • 疑问代词用法:
    1. 疑问代词有who, whom, whose, which和what, 都是用来构成疑问句的:
    Who is calling? 谁打电话来?
    Whom do you want to speak to? 你想找谁接电话?
    作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom,在口语中用who作宾语时也不少:
    Who did you mean? 你指的是谁?
    Who are you talking about? 你们在讲谁?
    直接跟在介词后时只能用whom:
    With whom did you come? 你和谁一道来的?
    (口语中说“Who did you come with?时更多一些。)

    2. 其他三个疑问代词可用作:
    1)主语:
    What’s your address? 你的地址怎样写?
    Whose is better? 谁的好一些?
    Which of these is yours? 哪一本是你的?
    2)宾语:
    What do you mean? 你是什么意思?
    Which do you like better? 哪一个你更喜欢一些?
    Whose have you chosen? 你选了谁的?
    3)表语:
    What’s her name? 她叫什么名字?
    Whose is it? 这是谁的?
    4)定语(这样用时有些字典标作形容词):
    What time does the train leave? 这列火车什么时候离开?
    Which room shall we stay in? 我们住哪间房?
    Whose passport is this? 这是谁的护照?

考点名称:关系代词

  • 关系代词:
    用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。
    关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分,它在先行词和定语之间起纽带作用。
    主要的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which和that。
    ①who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;
    whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语;
    whose在定语 从句中作定语,其先行词既可以是人也可以是物。
    例如:The teacher who/whom you want to see has come.
    ②which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 
    例如:Here is the coat which will be made to you.
    ③that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
    例如:I have eaten bread that/which he gave to me.

  • 关系代词的基本用法:
    (1)引导定语从句
    关系代词代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,例如:
    The girl whom I spoke to is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。
    (该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语。)
    This is the pencil whose point is broken.这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。
    (whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)
    He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他重新回来都忘记了他的那本书。
    (which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)
    (2)which为其先行词。例如:
    He said he saw me there, which was a lie.他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言。
    (3)其他用法
    关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略, 例如:
    I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.我过去懂拉丁语,现在大都忘了。
    He's changed. He's not the man he was.他变化很大,已不是过去的他了。
    注释:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,that在从句中作表语时也可省略。
    非限定性定语从句中,不能用that作关系代词。

  • 关系代词的语法注意:
    1.常用that 不用which的情况:
    ①先行词为all, anything, everything, nothing, something等时。
    I will do all (that) I can to help you.
    ②先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very等所修饰时。
    He was the only person that joined the army in his village that year.
    ③先行词既有人,又有物时
    They talked about the people and the things (that)they remembered in the school.
    ④当主句是以who 或which开头的疑问句时, 定语从句用that 引导, 以避免重复。
    Who is the boy that was here just now?
    2. 若被修饰的名词充当从句介词宾语时
    介词可提前于引导词之前,此时的引导词只能用whom 或which.
    The pencil with which he was writing broke.
    3. 当先行词为way时
    其后的定语从句用in which或 that引导,也可不用引导词。
    I don’t like the way (in which/that) he talks to me.

    used to/be used to的分别:
    ①used to + do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。
    Mother used not to be so forgetful.
    ②be used to + doing: 对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。
    Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)
    ③used to 的用法 (否定式简写为usedn't) 过去经常,以前常常
    This used to be a shabby house. (此房年久失修)
    used to,would这两个词语都可以表示过去常做某事,有时可以换用。
    used to do 强调过去习惯性的行为或状态,但是现在没有这种行为或状态了。因此,这个短语的内涵是今昔对比。

  • 关系代词的用法:
    一、不用that的情况
    在引导非限定性定语从句时 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
    介词后不能用We depend on the land from which we get our food.

    二、只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
    a.在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。
    b.在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
    c.先行词有the only, the very.(恰恰,正好).any. few. little. no. all 修饰时,只用that。
    d.先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。
    e.先行词既有人,又有物时。
    Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

    三、不能用关系代词Which 的几种情况
    1.当先行词为all, little, much, few, everything, none 等不定代词时关系代词用that而不用which.
    There are few books that you can read in this book store.
    2.当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用that, 不用which.
    He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.
    3.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用that, 而不用which.
    Guilin is one of the most beautiful cities that I have ever visited.
    4.当先行词有序数词修饰时,关系代词用that, 不用which.
    The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him.
    5.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.
    It is the only book that he bought himself.
    6.当先行词被all, every, any, much, little, few, no等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.
    There is no clothes that fit you here.
    7.当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时,定语从句关系代词一般用that而不用which.
    Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?
    8.在强调句型" It is ... that ..." 中,只用that,不用which.
    It is in this room that he was born twenty years ago.
    9.在" such (the same) ... as ..." 句型中,关系代词要用as, 而不用which.
    We need such materials as (not which) can bear high temperature.
    10.表示" 正如... 那样 "," 正象..." 之意时,用as, 不用which.
    Mary was late again, as had been expected.
    11.As 引导的定语从句可以放在主句前面,也可以放在主句后面或主句中间,而由 which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面。
    As we all know, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.

    关系代词可以省略的情况:
    1.关系代词which,whom,who,that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
    Here is the man (who/that/whom)you're been looking for.
    2.当that在从句中作补语时可以省略。
    She is all (that) a teacher should be.
    3.在there be 结构中出现定语从句,或在定语从句中出现there be 时,用作主语的关系代词也可省略。
    This is the best dictionary (that) there is in the library.
    4.状语的省略
    (1)当先行词是reason,而且定语从句中作原因状语时,关系代词可用why,that,也可以省略。
    That is the reason (why) I did it.
    (2)当先行词是way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时,关系代词可用in which,that,也可以省略。
    I don't know the way that/ which leads to the top of the mountains.
    (3)当先行词是time时,关系代词可用when,that 或省略。
    I don't know the exact time (when/that) the sports meet will take place.
    注意:关系代词作宾语有时也不能省略。

    关系代词不能省略情况:
    1.在介词+whom与介词+which中,whom,which不能省略。
    That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.
    2.在非限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。
    The elephant is like a spear,as anybody can see.
    3.在the same ...as,such...as,as...as,the same...that中,as,that即使作宾语,也不能省略I have bought the same bicycle as you have (bought). (指同类用as)
    This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday. (that指同一个)
    4.当由and,but,or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时,第一个关系代词可省,但第二,第三个不可省略。
    This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I find very interesting.

  • 关系代词格式:
    关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。that的用法最广,that可指人也可指物。
    见表:

     

    限定性
    指人

    非限定性
    指物

    限定性
    指人或指物

    主格

    who

    which

    that

    宾格

    whom

    that

    that

    属格

    whose

    of  which
    whose

    of  which
    whose

  • 特殊关系代词的用法:
    关系词通常是用来引导定语从句的,但as,than和but这三个词却与which, who, that, where, when和why等典型的关系词不同。
    三者本身具有常见的字面意义,前面有名词作先行词,但后面的定语从句却不像典型的定语从句。
    这些既像连接词又像关系词的词,我们就姑且称它们为准关系词。
    一、 as作为准关系代词出现在the same ... as, such ... as, 和as ... as等结构中。
    这时, as前面通常要有名词;
    as后面的从句意义上不像是通常的定语从句;
    as需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
    1. the same ... as
            1) as在从句中作主语
      She is the same person as came here last Sunday. 她就是上星期天来这儿的那个人。
      2) as在从句中作宾语
      This is the same watch as I lost while I was doing the sightseeing in Shanghai three months ago. 这块表跟我三个月前在上海观光时丢失的那块一样。
      3) as在从句中作be动词的表语
      China is not the same country as it used to be. 中国已今非昔比。
      4) as在从句中作行为方式状语
      You should learn to do housework in the same way as your mother does it. 你应该学会像你母亲那样做家务活。
    2. such ... as
      1) as在从句中作主语
      Let children read such books as tend to make them better and brighter. 让孩子看那些容易让他们变得更好更聪明的书。
      2) as在从句中作宾语
      This is not such an interesting book as you just talked about. 这不是你们刚才谈到的那种有趣的书。
      3) as在从句中作be动词的表语
      Such a bad man as he is will be punished. 像他这样的坏人一定会受到惩罚。
    3. as ... as
      1) 第二个as在从句中作主语
      He has as much money as is required. 他要多少钱就有多少钱。
      2) 第二个as在从句中作宾语
      I have as many friends as you (do). 我的朋友和你的朋友一样多。
      3) 第二个as在从句中作be动词的表语
      As is known to all, Taiwan is one of the Chinese provinces。众所周知,台湾是中国的一个省。

    二、than作为准关系词 出现在more ... than, less ... than, fewer ... than等结构中。这时, than前面要有名词; than本身有比较意义,而且需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
      1. than在从句中作主语
      Take it easy, I have more money than is needed. 放心,我的钱比所需要的还要多。
      2. than在从句中作宾语
      I have more/fewer books than you (do). 我的书比你的多/少。
      3. than在从句中作be动词的表语
      He is a better boy than you (are). 他是一个比你更好的男孩。
    三、but作为准关系词 本身含有否定意义,它前面的主句还有另一个否定意义。这时but在意义上相当于“who ... not ...”或“which/that ... not ...”。
      1.定语从句中有be动词,并将其改为含but的复合句时, be动词后面不能再有not
      There is no one who is not conccrned about his future. (= There is no one but is concerned about his future.) 没有人不关心自己的未来?
      2. 定语从句中有can, will, shall, must, may, should, ought to等助动词或情态动词,在将其改为含but的复合句时,这些助动词或情态动词后面不能再有not
      There is nothing that she can’t do. (= There is nothing but she can do.) 没有她做不到的事?
      3. 定语从句中有助动词do, does, did, 在将其改为含but的复合句时,应去掉do, does, did, 还原其后动词的时态及人称变化
      There is no one who doesn’t wish to make great achievements. (= There is no one but wishes to make great achievements.) 谁都希望自己将来能有所成就。
    四、which的先行词:关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子
      He said he saw me there, which was a lie。他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言。
    说明:关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略
      I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew。 我过去懂拉丁语,现在大都忘了。  



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