句型转换。1.Simon does his homework in his bedroom every night.(改为否定句) Simon ________________ his homework in his bedroom every night. 2.Millie plays ba-七年级英语
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题文
句型转换。
1.Simon does his homework in his bedroom every night.(改为否定句) Simon ________ ________ his homework in his bedroom every night. 2.Millie plays badminton for an hour every day.(写出同义句) Millie ________ about an hour ________ badminton every day. 3.Simon watches TV every evening.(改为一般疑问句) ________ Simon ________ TV every morning? 4.I’d like the yellow bag. (对划线部分进行提问) ________ ________ would you like? 5.There is a bottle of juice on the table. (对划线部分进行提问) How ________ bottles of juice ________ there on the table?
题型:句型转换 难度:中档
答案
1. doesn’t do 2. spends playing 3. Does watch 4. Which bag 5. many are.
据专家权威分析,试题“句型转换。1.Simon does his homework in his bedroom every ni..”主要考查你对 实义动词,不定代词,疑问代词,动名词,一般疑问句 等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
实意动词使用方法: 及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如: I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。 “How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?” Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。 Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。
不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如: Birds fly.鸟会飞。 It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。 My watch stopped.我的表停了。 She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。
兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况 a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较: Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词) She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词) When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词) They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如: Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。 Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?
英汉实意动词用法比较: 与汉语的比较,有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况: a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,listen听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如: We arrived at the railway station at noon. 我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去) (比较:We reached the railway station at noon.) Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest. 每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去) (比较:We all heard the lecture.) Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)
b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。 Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly. 我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务 用于be动词之后,实义动词之前。
不定代词用法例举: ①一般用于肯定句中的不定代词:some, someone, somebody, something 例如:They can speak some Japanese. ②一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中的不定代词:any, anyone, anybody, anything 例如:Is there anyone at home? ③一般用于句中表示否定意义的不定代词:no, no one, nobody, nothing 例如:I have no watch. There is nothing wrong with the machine. ④不定代词one指代可数名词,既可指人,亦可指物,它可以代替上文中出现的单数可数 名词,指代复数名词时可以用ones。 例如:I do not have a pen, can you lend me one? I like small cars better than large ones. ⑤none通常只用作名词,在句中作主语、宾语等。意为“没有任何(人或物)”,既可指人,亦可指物。 none后常跟of短语,其后用复数可数名词或不可数名词。 例如:None of them knows the answer to the question. ⑥both, all both指两个人、物或群体; all指三个以上的人、物或群体或泛指一切事物。 例如:My parents are both teachers. All of my friends are football fans. ⑦every, each each一般用于指两个或两个以上的人或物,侧重个别; every用于指三个或三个以上的人或物,侧重全体。而且each所指对象在上下文中已十分明确。 例如:Each student went to see that films. (学生至少二人) Every student went to the park.(学生至少三人) ⑧other, the other, others, the others, another other具有名词和形容词性质,既可指人,亦可指物。other常与定冠词the连用。 不定冠词an与other连用则组成another。other只作形容词或代词,表示“其他的,别的”,不可单独使用。 例如:Do you have any other questions? the other作形容词或代词,特指两者中或两部分的另一个或另一部分。 例如:The bookshop is on the other side of the street. others相当于“other+名词”,泛指“别的人或物”,只有名词性用法。 例如:Some are planting trees, others are watering them. the others相当于“the other+名词”,表示“剩下的,其余的”,特指除此之外的全部 人或物。 例如:There are forty-six students in our class. Two of them are foreign, the others are all Chinese. another作形容词或代词,泛指三个或三个以上不定数目中的“另一个”。 例如:This pen is too expensive, please show me another. ⑨either, neither either指“两者中的任何一个”;neither指“两者中无一”,具有否定意义。 例如:You can take either half. Neither of the books is good. ⑩many, much, most many和much具有名词和形容词的性质,都表示“许多、大量”。 Much一般只能指代或修饰不可数名词,many只能指代或修饰复数可数名词。Most指“大部分、大多数”。 例如:Many boys like playing soccer. We have much homework to do every day. Most students think so. (11)few, a few, little, a little a few 和a little 意为“少数、少量”,其意义是肯定的。 A few指代或修饰复数形式的可数名词,a little指代或修饰不可数名词。 Few 和little意为“几乎一点没有”,具有否定意义。 例如:He has a few friends here. Hurry up! There is little time left.
不定代词的用法: 不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。 位置 不定代词+形容词 不定代词+to do 作主语 Both of them are teachers.他们两人都是教师。 作宾语 I know nothing about this person.我对这个人一无所知。 作表语 This book is too much for a child.这本书对一个小孩来说太难了。 作定语 There is a little water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一些水。 作状语 I can't find my book anywhere.我在任何地方都不能找到我的书。 修饰不定代词的词,一般情况下要后置。
考点名称:疑问代词
疑问代词: 疑问代词在句中起名词的作用,用来构成疑问句。常用的疑问代词有: what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有词性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。 what, which, whose还可作限定词。 Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的? What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的? What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国? 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个: 指 人: who, whom, whose 指 物: what 既可指人又可指物: which
疑问代词说明: 一、无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如: Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘? What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘?
二、Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如: Who(m) did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语) Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首) To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词 后,不能用who取代。)
三、疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句未,例如: For what do most people live and work?大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体) What are you looking for?你在找什么?(现代英语)
四、疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如: I can't make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。 Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed? 你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗? Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you. 你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。
疑问代词用法: 1. 疑问代词有who, whom, whose, which和what, 都是用来构成疑问句的: Who is calling? 谁打电话来? Whom do you want to speak to? 你想找谁接电话? 作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom,在口语中用who作宾语时也不少: Who did you mean? 你指的是谁? Who are you talking about? 你们在讲谁? 直接跟在介词后时只能用whom: With whom did you come? 你和谁一道来的? (口语中说“Who did you come with?时更多一些。)
2. 其他三个疑问代词可用作: 1)主语: What’s your address? 你的地址怎样写? Whose is better? 谁的好一些? Which of these is yours? 哪一本是你的? 2)宾语: What do you mean? 你是什么意思? Which do you like better? 哪一个你更喜欢一些? Whose have you chosen? 你选了谁的? 3)表语: What’s her name? 她叫什么名字? Whose is it? 这是谁的? 4)定语(这样用时有些字典标作形容词): What time does the train leave? 这列火车什么时候离开? Which room shall we stay in? 我们住哪间房? Whose passport is this? 这是谁的护照?
动名词的结构和形式: 动名词的否定结构: 动名词的否定结构由not 动名词组成。如: Trying without success is better than not trying at all. 实验没有成功也比不实验好。 He hated himself for not having work hard. 他悔恨自己没有用功。 I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before. 很抱歉,没有早给你打电话。 He felt sorry for not having done the work well. 他为没有把工作做好感到难过。 I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going. 我看不去对你倒好了。 (not going 是动名词一般式的否定形式) There is no denying the fact that he si diligent. (no denying 也是动名词一般式的否定)
动名词复合结构: 通常情况下,动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语。如果动名词动作的发出者不失谓语动的主语时,则需要有自己的逻辑主语物主代词或名词所有格加动名词就构成了动名词的复合结构,这种结构在句中可以作主语,宾语等。 (1)逻辑主语是有生命的名词作主语时,必须用名词或代词所有格,作宾语时(尤其在口语中),也可用名词普通个或人称代词宾格。如: Do you think my going there will be of any help? 你看我去会有什么帮助吗?(宾语) The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French. 这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。(主语) Do you mind my(me) smoking ? 你介意我抽烟吗?(宾语) They insist on Mary’s (Mary) going with them there. 他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。(介词宾语) (2)逻辑主语是无生命名词是,通常只用名词普通格。如: Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof? 你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗? Is there any hope of our team winning the match ? 我们对赢得比赛有希望吗? (3) 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this that , somebody , someone , nobody, none, anybody, anyone 时,只用普通格。如: She was woken up by somebody shouting outside. 她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。
动名词的形式(一般式,完成式和被动式): (1) 动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如: We are very interested in collecting stamps. 我们对集邮很感兴趣。 His coming will be of great help to us . 他来对我们大有帮助。 但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词 after, on,upon, 或for之后,常用一般式代替完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。如: I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。 On hearing that bad news , the mother couldn’t help crying. 一听到这个糟糕的消息,母亲就禁不住哭了起来。 Excuse me for coming late. 我来晚了,请原谅。 Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。 (2) 动名词的完成式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。 He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他后悔没有参加这项工作。 We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。 (3)动名词的被动式:当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时,用被动语态。如: I like being given harder work. 我喜欢接受难点的工作。 She is proud of being admitted into the university. 她为被大学录取而感到自豪。 The meeting was put off without his having been consulted. 会议延期并未和他商量。 He doesn’t mind having been criticized. 他不介意过去受到的批评。
动名词与现在分词的关系: 动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。 这两种形式的另一个相同之处是: 它们都是由动词变化而成的,它们都保留了动词的某些特征,它们都能带自己的宾语、状语,而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。 例如: Speaking in the public,he will surely be very cheerful . (现在分词短语,作状语)他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。 She hates speaking in the public. (动名词短语,作宾语)她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。
动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是: ①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如: My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换) ②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如: The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story. 2.动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于: 动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。试比较: ①a swimming boy和a swimming suit 前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”,即a boy who is swimming,现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作; 而后者的意思是“游泳衣”,即a suit for swimming,动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。 ②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car 前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”,即a child who is sleeping,现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态; 而后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”,即 a car which is used for sleeping,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途。
动名词的用法: 一、动名词作主语 1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如: Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2. 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如: It is no use telling him not to worry. 常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。 注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。 3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如: There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。 4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如: No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). (禁止吸烟) No parking. (禁止停车) 5. 动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构 (这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。 动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如: Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
二、动名词作宾语 1.作动词的宾语 某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有: admit, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走,说个不停。 I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。 Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。 2.作介词的宾语 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。 Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活? 3.作形容词的宾语 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。
三、动名词作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。 表语、动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。 (Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
四、动名词作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如: a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping
动名词使用注意事项: 1) 动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数 2) 在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词 3) 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语 例:I would appreciate you calling back this afternoon. 4) 有些词后只能接动名词 acknowledge;admit; advise;advocate;allow;appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... 5) 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法 it’s no good; it’s no/little/hardly any/ use; it’s not/hardly/scarcely use; it’s worthwhile; spend money/time; there’s no; there’s no point in; there’s nothing worse than; what’s the use/point 6) 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可 remember,forget,try,stop,go on,continue,stop,regret,cease,mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意义截然不容。 例:remember to do/doing: ①I remembered to post the letters.(指未来/过去未来将要做的动作) ②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.(我记得做过这个动作) forget与remember的用法类似。 regret的用法: ①I regret to inform you that…(我很遗憾地通知你……) ②I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.(为了“二十年前的离开”而遗憾。) try to(努力)与try +–ing(试验): ①You really must try to overcome your shyness. ②Try practicing five hours a day.
考点名称:一般疑问句
一般疑问句: 是疑问句的一种。通常用yes,no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。口语中若无特殊含义,句末用升调。 其结构是:系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分? 通常回答为: 肯定:Yes+主语+提问的助动词 否定:No+主语+提问的助动词+not 例如: Are you from Japan? Yes, I am./No, I'm not. Do you live near your school? Yes, I do./No, I don't. Can you speak French? Yes, I can./No, I can't.
一般疑问句的特性: 1.将陈述句变为一般疑问句时,如句中有be 动词(am/ is/ are)时,可直接将它们提至主语前。 如主语为第一人称,应将其改为第二人称。如: I'm in Class 2Grade 1. →Are you in Class 2Grade 1﹖ We're watching TV. →Are you watching TV﹖ 2.陈述句中有情态动词(can、may、must …)时,也可直接将它们提至主语前,即可成为一般疑问句。如: He can swim now. →Can he swim now﹖ The children may come with us. → May the children come with us﹖ 3.陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时,变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does主语后的实义动词用原形。如: I like these animals. →Do you like these animals﹖ She wants to go to the movies. → Does she want to go to the movies﹖ 4.一般疑问句一般读升调(↑) 5.一般疑问句有时不用yes或 no 回答。如: Are they in town now﹖ I think so. May I sit here﹖ Certainly. Does he like soccer﹖ Sorry I don't know. 6. 一般疑问句的第一单词总是虚词,读的时候要读轻声。
陈述句变为一般疑问句技巧: 根据一般疑问句不同的家族,可以用不同的方法将陈述句变为相应的一般疑问句。 1、第一家族:含be动词或情态动词的句子 秘诀:一调二改三问号 一调:即把句中的be或情态动词调到主语前; 二改:改换主语称谓,即将句中的主语I\my \mines\we\our\ours等。第一人称分别改为相应的第二人称you\your\ yours等; 三问号:句末的句号改为问号。如: Eg. I am an English teacher. → Are you an English teacher? Eg. We can speak English fluently. → Can you speak English fluently?
2、第二家族:含行为动词(或称为实义动词)的句子 秘诀:一加二改三问号 一加:即在句首加助动词Do或Does; 二改:1、把谓语动词改为原形;2、改换主语称谓(同第一家组); 三问号:句末的句号改为问号。 Eg. We read English every morning. → Do you read English every morning? Eg. Tom’s father listens to English on the radio every evening. →Does Tom’s father listen to English on the radio every evening? 特别注意:对于第二家族一定要注意动词的还原,因为时态与数的变化已经体现在助动词上了。