句型转换。1. You'll find the flowers somewhere.(改为否定句) You ______find the flowers______.2. He didn't have an umbrella at that time.l didn't either.-八年级英语
[db:作者] 2020-01-04 00:00:00 零零社区
题文
句型转换。
1. You'll find the flowers somewhere.(改为否定句) You ______ find the flowers______. 2. He didn't have an umbrella at that time.l didn't either.(同义句转换) ______ of ______ had an umbrella at that time. 3. He had some bread for breakfast.(改为一般疑问句) ______ he______ bread for breakfast? 4. They take buses to go to work.(对画线部分提问) ______ ______ they go to work? 5. I'm staying in Shanghai for two months.(对画线部分提问) ______ ______ are you staying in Shanghai?
题型:句型转换 难度:中档
答案
1. won't; anywhere 2. Neither; us 3. Did; have any 4. How do 5. How long
据专家权威分析,试题“句型转换。1. You'll find the flowers somewhere.(改为否定句..”主要考查你对 情态动词,不定代词,地点副词,疑问副词,一般疑问句 等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
情态动词不定代词地点副词疑问副词一般疑问句
考点名称:情态动词
情态动词: 是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或与语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。 无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 “not”。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气, 时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。 情态动词有四类: ①只做情态动词:must, can(could),may(might)…… ②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need, dare ③具有情态动词特征:have(had, has) to, used to ④情态动词表猜测 注:mustn't代表强烈禁止 must表示主观,have to表示客观。 常用的有:can may could must have use .
情态动词特点: 情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。 He could be here soon.他很快就来。 We can't carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。 I'm sorry I can't help you.对不起,我帮不上你。
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是: 基本助动词本身没有词义,而情态助动词则有自己的词义,能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法,或表示主观设想: What have you been doing since? (构成完成进行体,本身无词义) I am afraid I must be going. (一定要) You may have read some account of the matter. (或许已经)
除此之外,情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征: 1) 除ought和used以外,其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话,那么,所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式: We used to grow beautiful roses.我们过去常常种这种漂亮的玫瑰花 I asked if he would come and repair my television set.我问他是否来修我的电视机 2) 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一: They need not have been punished so severely. 3) 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候,没有词形变化,即其词尾无-s形式: She dare not say what she thinks. 4) 情态动词没有非限定形式,即没有不定式和分词形式,也没有相应的动名词: Still,she needn't have run away. 5)情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合,情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间: Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something? She told him he ought not to have done it. 6) 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的,即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词,但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用: You should have washed the wound. Well,you shouldn't be reading a novel. 7)情态动词must一般疑问句否定回答用needn't Must I read books every day、 No,you needn't
常见情态动词用法: 1.can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。 2.Must 必须,应该,一定,准是,表示说话人认为有必要做某事,命令,要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。 must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。 must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。 must 和 have to 的区别:must 表示说话人的主观思想,have to 表示客观需要。 3.need 是一个情态动词,他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样,但 need 还可当作实义动词使用,这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。 needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。 4.dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。 5.ought 应当,应该。后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。 ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。 ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。 6.will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式, will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。 7.Shall、should 表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议,惊奇。 8.have to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此,而must 则表示主观思想。
情态动词功能: 助动词主要有两类:基本助动词和情态助动词。 基本助动词有三个:do,have和be; 情态助动词基本的有十四个:may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是,在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时,具有作用词的功能: 1) 构成否定式: He didn't go and neither did she. The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock. 2) 构成疑问式或附加疑问式: Must you leave right now? You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you? 3) 构成修辞倒装: Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister. Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 4) 代替限定动词词组: A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle? B: Tom can. A: Shall I write to him? B: Yes, do.
情态动词表推测的用法小结 (一)情态动词表推测的三种句式 1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定),may(可能),might /can, could(也许,或许)。 (1)He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。 (2)It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. 屋里很冷,他们肯定把暖气关了。 2. 否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not (可能不)。 (1)It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 这不可能是校长,他去美国了。 (2)He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。 3. 疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。 (1)Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗? (2)Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗? 注:以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。
(二)情态动词表推测的三种时态 1. 对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。 (1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5: 00 前她一定/可能/也许到。 (2)She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone. 她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。 2. 对现在或一般情况的推测,用“情态动词 + be”,“情态动词 +be doing”或 “情态动词 + 动词原形”。 (1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。 (2)He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time. 这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。 (3)Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ? 布什先生一向准时,这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢? 3.对过去情况的推测,用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。 (1)It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet. 地湿了,昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。 (2)The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home . 门锁着,他不可能/可能不在家。 (3)Can / Could he have gotten the book? 难道他找到书了吗? 注:情态动词 should /ought to表推测时,意为“想必会,理应……”但与“have +过去 分词”连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。 例如: (4)It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment. 现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达。(推测) (5)She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. (虚拟) 她本该出席你的生日晚会的,可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。 (6)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. (虚拟) 汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意。
不定代词用法例举: ①一般用于肯定句中的不定代词:some, someone, somebody, something 例如:They can speak some Japanese. ②一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中的不定代词:any, anyone, anybody, anything 例如:Is there anyone at home? ③一般用于句中表示否定意义的不定代词:no, no one, nobody, nothing 例如:I have no watch. There is nothing wrong with the machine. ④不定代词one指代可数名词,既可指人,亦可指物,它可以代替上文中出现的单数可数 名词,指代复数名词时可以用ones。 例如:I do not have a pen, can you lend me one? I like small cars better than large ones. ⑤none通常只用作名词,在句中作主语、宾语等。意为“没有任何(人或物)”,既可指人,亦可指物。 none后常跟of短语,其后用复数可数名词或不可数名词。 例如:None of them knows the answer to the question. ⑥both, all both指两个人、物或群体; all指三个以上的人、物或群体或泛指一切事物。 例如:My parents are both teachers. All of my friends are football fans. ⑦every, each each一般用于指两个或两个以上的人或物,侧重个别; every用于指三个或三个以上的人或物,侧重全体。而且each所指对象在上下文中已十分明确。 例如:Each student went to see that films. (学生至少二人) Every student went to the park.(学生至少三人) ⑧other, the other, others, the others, another other具有名词和形容词性质,既可指人,亦可指物。other常与定冠词the连用。 不定冠词an与other连用则组成another。other只作形容词或代词,表示“其他的,别的”,不可单独使用。 例如:Do you have any other questions? the other作形容词或代词,特指两者中或两部分的另一个或另一部分。 例如:The bookshop is on the other side of the street. others相当于“other+名词”,泛指“别的人或物”,只有名词性用法。 例如:Some are planting trees, others are watering them. the others相当于“the other+名词”,表示“剩下的,其余的”,特指除此之外的全部 人或物。 例如:There are forty-six students in our class. Two of them are foreign, the others are all Chinese. another作形容词或代词,泛指三个或三个以上不定数目中的“另一个”。 例如:This pen is too expensive, please show me another. ⑨either, neither either指“两者中的任何一个”;neither指“两者中无一”,具有否定意义。 例如:You can take either half. Neither of the books is good. ⑩many, much, most many和much具有名词和形容词的性质,都表示“许多、大量”。 Much一般只能指代或修饰不可数名词,many只能指代或修饰复数可数名词。Most指“大部分、大多数”。 例如:Many boys like playing soccer. We have much homework to do every day. Most students think so. (11)few, a few, little, a little a few 和a little 意为“少数、少量”,其意义是肯定的。 A few指代或修饰复数形式的可数名词,a little指代或修饰不可数名词。 Few 和little意为“几乎一点没有”,具有否定意义。 例如:He has a few friends here. Hurry up! There is little time left.
不定代词的用法: 不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。 位置 不定代词+形容词 不定代词+to do 作主语 Both of them are teachers.他们两人都是教师。 作宾语 I know nothing about this person.我对这个人一无所知。 作表语 This book is too much for a child.这本书对一个小孩来说太难了。 作定语 There is a little water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一些水。 作状语 I can't find my book anywhere.我在任何地方都不能找到我的书。 修饰不定代词的词,一般情况下要后置。
考点名称:地点副词
地点副词: 表示地点的副词和表示位置关系的副词统称为地点副词。常见的这类副词有: 表示地点的: here, there, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, abroad, elsewhere等。 表示位置关系的: above, below, down, up, out, in, across, back, along, over, round, around, away, near, off, on, inside, outside, past等。 在表示位置关系的副词中,有些副词也可用作介词(如:above, over, beyond, around, below, down, up, in, along, near, off, on, past等),在没有宾语时就是副词,有宾语时就是介词,如: Come in, please. (副词) They live in the next room. (介词) Let's take along. (副词) Let's walk along this street. (介词) She looked around. (副词) They sat around the table. (介词) Let's go on with the work...(副词) What subject will you speak on? (介词)
地点副词在句中的位置: 地点副词常放在动词后面,如果是及物动词,一般就放在宾语后面。如: I remember having seen him somewhere. Wuxia films are popular in China. 地点副词和时间副词并列使用时,一般要把地点副词放在时间副词之前。如: We had a meeting here yesterday. He did the work carefully here yesterday. 如果地点状语很长时,也可以放在时间状语之后。如: He was born in 1940 in a small village at the foot of Mount Tai. 地点副词常可以用作表语: 副词可以用作表语,主要是地点副词,时间副词和其他副词有时也可以用作表语。如: They are inside. 他们在里面。 How long will she be away? 她要离开多久? When will you be back? 你什么时候回来? You haven't been around much. 你很少到这边来。 He'll be round in an hour. 他一个小时内就到。 Now autumn is in. 秋天来了。 I must be off now. 我得走了。 We are behind in our plan. 我们落在计划后面了。
2.疑问副词用在句首。 How long have you been staying in America? 你在美国待多久了?
3.疑问副词在句中引导名词子句。 I want to know where she has gone. 我想知道她去哪里了。
4.疑问副词后接不定词构成的名词片语,在句中可以作主词、受词或主词补语。 How to solve the problem gives him a bad headache. 如何解决这个问题使他伤透脑筋。 (How to solve the problem作主词。) I don't know how to answer the question. 我不知道如何回答这个问题。 (how to answer the question作受词。) The patient is in urgent need the medicine, but the problem is where to get it. 这个病人急需这种药,但问题是哪里能找到。 (where to get it作主词补语。)
5.疑问副词引导的名词子句可作主词、受词或主词补语。 When we are to start the competition hasn't fixed yet. 我们什么时候开始比赛还没有定下来。 (When we are to start the competition作主词。) She asked her husband where he had been. 她问她丈夫去哪里了。 (where he had been 作受词。) The question is when we can finish our work. 问题是我们何时能完成我们的工作。 (when we can finish our work作主词补语。)
疑问代词与疑问副词的区别: 1. 疑问代词做对陈述句的主语,宾语或定语提问,即做句子的主语,宾语或定语,如what, who/ whom, whose. eg. Who is talking ? What can you see? Whose shirt is this? 2.疑问副词对时间,地点,方式等状语提问,如when, where, how 等. eg. When is your birthday? Where are you going? How do you know? 常见的疑问代词:what who which whom(只做宾语) 疑问副词:how where when 还有whether是疑问连接词。
考点名称:一般疑问句
一般疑问句: 是疑问句的一种。通常用yes,no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。口语中若无特殊含义,句末用升调。 其结构是:系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分? 通常回答为: 肯定:Yes+主语+提问的助动词 否定:No+主语+提问的助动词+not 例如: Are you from Japan? Yes, I am./No, I'm not. Do you live near your school? Yes, I do./No, I don't. Can you speak French? Yes, I can./No, I can't.
一般疑问句的特性: 1.将陈述句变为一般疑问句时,如句中有be 动词(am/ is/ are)时,可直接将它们提至主语前。 如主语为第一人称,应将其改为第二人称。如: I'm in Class 2Grade 1. →Are you in Class 2Grade 1﹖ We're watching TV. →Are you watching TV﹖ 2.陈述句中有情态动词(can、may、must …)时,也可直接将它们提至主语前,即可成为一般疑问句。如: He can swim now. →Can he swim now﹖ The children may come with us. → May the children come with us﹖ 3.陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时,变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does主语后的实义动词用原形。如: I like these animals. →Do you like these animals﹖ She wants to go to the movies. → Does she want to go to the movies﹖ 4.一般疑问句一般读升调(↑) 5.一般疑问句有时不用yes或 no 回答。如: Are they in town now﹖ I think so. May I sit here﹖ Certainly. Does he like soccer﹖ Sorry I don't know. 6. 一般疑问句的第一单词总是虚词,读的时候要读轻声。
陈述句变为一般疑问句技巧: 根据一般疑问句不同的家族,可以用不同的方法将陈述句变为相应的一般疑问句。 1、第一家族:含be动词或情态动词的句子 秘诀:一调二改三问号 一调:即把句中的be或情态动词调到主语前; 二改:改换主语称谓,即将句中的主语I\my \mines\we\our\ours等。第一人称分别改为相应的第二人称you\your\ yours等; 三问号:句末的句号改为问号。如: Eg. I am an English teacher. → Are you an English teacher? Eg. We can speak English fluently. → Can you speak English fluently?
2、第二家族:含行为动词(或称为实义动词)的句子 秘诀:一加二改三问号 一加:即在句首加助动词Do或Does; 二改:1、把谓语动词改为原形;2、改换主语称谓(同第一家组); 三问号:句末的句号改为问号。 Eg. We read English every morning. → Do you read English every morning? Eg. Tom’s father listens to English on the radio every evening. →Does Tom’s father listen to English on the radio every evening? 特别注意:对于第二家族一定要注意动词的还原,因为时态与数的变化已经体现在助动词上了。