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根据要求完成句子。1. We publish our school newspaper twice a month. (改为被动语态) Our school newspaper ______ ______ twice a month. 2. The meeting began hal-九年级英语

[db:作者]  2020-01-06 00:00:00  互联网

题文

根据要求完成句子。
1. We publish our school newspaper twice a month. (改为被动语态)
     Our school newspaper ______ ______ twice a month.
2. The meeting began half an hour ago. (同义句)
    The meeting has ______ ______ for half an hour.
3. I heard that she was singing at that time. (改为简单句)
    I heard ______ ______ at that time.
4. My brother gave my mother a present on her birthday. (改为被动语态)
    A present ______ ______ to my mother on her birthday.
5. My friend seems to be very angry. (同义句) 
   ______ seems that my friend ______ very angry.
题型:句型转换  难度:中档

答案

1. is published
2. been on
3. her singing
4. was given
5. It is

据专家权威分析,试题“根据要求完成句子。1. We publish our school newspaper twice ..”主要考查你对  被动语态,人称代词,实义动词的现在分词,动词短语,it 的用法  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:

被动语态人称代词实义动词的现在分词动词短语it 的用法

考点名称:被动语态

  • 语态:
    是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。
    语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
    如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;
    如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。

  • 被动语态的构成:
    被动语态的基本结构:
    主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者)
    ① 一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词
    如:Trees are planted every year.
    ② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词
    如:The road is being repaired. 
    ③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词
    如:The work has been finished.
    ④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
    如:The story was told by him.
    Many birds were killed last year.
    ⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词
    如: The new house was being painted when I got home.
    ⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词
    如: He told me that the work had been finished.
    ⑦一般将来时  will +be + 过去分词
    如:The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
    ⑧ 过去将来时 would/should +be +过去分词
    如: He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.
    ⑨情态动词的被动语态
    情态动词+ be +过去分词    
    如:The problem must be solved soon.
    Children should be taught to love animals.

  • 被动语态使用注意:
    1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 如:happen, break down, come out......
    What will happen in 100 years.
    The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
    2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如: write, sell, ride.....
    This pen writes well.
    This new book sells well.
    3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带“to”,但变为被动语态时,须加上“to”。
    例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
    see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
    A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
    The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
    4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
    He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
    He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
    My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
    5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
    We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.
    He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
    The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
    构成be+done.

  • 主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤:
    ①把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
    ②把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词,并注意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持不变。
    ③原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格),如不需要则可省略。
    ④其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。

    不用于被动语态的情形:
    ①不及物动词没有被动语态
    这类动词有take place, happen, come about, break out, appear, disappear, last,  arise等。
    例如:A fire broke out during the night.
    ②某些静态动词不用于被动语态
    这类动词有have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble等。 
    例如:My shoes do not fit me.
    ③宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态
    例如:We should help each other.

    关于主动形式表示被动意义:
    ①系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式。
    例如:The building looks very beautiful.
    ②当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如:The book sells well.
    ③有的动词本身含有被动意味,通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。
    例如:Her eyes filled with tears.
    ④不定式to blame, to let用作表语时,通常要用主动表被动。
    例如:Who is to blame?
    ⑤某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如:The book is difficult to understand.
    ⑥不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如:Do you have time to help us?
    ⑦在too...to do sth.和...enough to do sth. 这两个结构中,若主语与其后不定式为to do sth.被动关系,则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用 被动式)。
    例如:The writing is too faint to read.
    ⑧be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。
    例如:This movie is worth seeing.
    ⑨在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如:The house needs cleaning.

    表示“据说”的三类被动句型:
    ①It is said that...句式
    例如:It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number.
    ②There is said that...句式 
    例如:There is said to be plenty of oil off our coast.
    ③sb./sth.is said that...句式
    例如:Mr. Brown is said to have died of liver cancer.

  • 被动语态各时态构成 :

    时态

    被动语态 

    一般现在时

    am/is/are+过去分词

    一般过去时

    was/were+过去分词

    现在进行时

    am/is/are being+过去分词

    过去进行时

    was/were being+过去分词

    一般将来时

    will be+过去分词

    过去将来时

    would be+过去分词

    现在完成时

    have/has been+过去分词

    过去完成时

    had been+过去分词

    情态动词

    情态动词be+过去分词

  • 情态动词的被动语态:
    一、理解含情态动词的被动语态的概念含情态动词的被动语态说明某个被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。
    初中阶段可用于被动语态的情态动词有“can、may、must、need、should”等,
    分别表示“能够被……”,“可以被……”,“必须被……”,“需要被……“,应该被……”等。

    二、掌握含情态动词的被动语态的不同句式的变换方法含情态动词的被动语态的疑问句、否定句的变化均借助于情态动词完成。
    (一)一般疑问句直接将陈述句被动语态中的情态动词提前。如:
    Mustthisworkbedoneatonce?这项工作必须立即完成吗?
    Shouldyourhomeworkbefinishedbeforesix?你的家庭作业应在六点前完成吗?
    (二)特殊疑问句由疑问词加上一般疑问句被动语态构成。如:
    Whenmustthisworkbedone?这工作必须在什么时候完成?
    Wherecanthelostbookbefound?这本失踪的书能在什么地方被找到?
    (三)反意疑问句借助情态动词构成附加疑问部分。如:
    Thisbridgecanbebuiltnextyear,can'tit?这座桥明年能建成,是吗?
    Thisbookshouldn'tbetakenoutofthelibrary,shouldit?这本书不应被带出图书馆,是吗?
    (四)否定句在情态动词后面加上“not”或“never”即可,但“must”表“必要”时否定式为“needn't”。如:
    Thisworkneedn'tbedoneatonce.这项工作没必要立即做。Thisdustbinshouldn'tbeputhere.这个垃圾箱不应放在这儿。

    三、含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答应保留原情态动词,
    但“must”表“必须”时,其否定回答应用“needn't”、“need”表“必要”时,其肯定回答应用“must”。如:
    —Shouldmyexercisesbefinishedtoday?我的作业应在今天完成吗?
    —Yes,theyshould.是的,应在今天完成。(No,theyshouldn't.不,不应在今天完成。)
    —Musthisexercisebookbehandedinatonce?他的练习本必须立即上交吗?
    —Yes,itmust.是的,必须立即上交。(No,itneedn't.不,不必立即上交。)
    —Needhebeoperatedonatonce?他必须立即手术吗?
    —Yes,hemust.是的,他必须。(No,heneedn't.不,他不必。)

考点名称:人称代词

  • 人称代词:
    人称代词是用来表示人的代词,有单数和复数之分,有主格和宾格之分。人称代词的主格在句中作主语;人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语,也可作动词或介词的宾语。  
    主格:I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主语
    宾格:me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作宾语
    He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一个班级。
    Can you see them in the street? 你能看见他们在街上吗?

  • 人称代词在句中的作用:
    1)主格作主语。如:
    I am Chinese.我是中国人。
    2)宾格作宾语,放在及物动词或介词之后,有时还可以在口语中用作表语。如:
    ①I don't know her.我不认识她。(动词宾语)
    ②What's wrong with it?它怎么了?(介词宾语)
    ③-Open the door,please.
    3)作表语
    作表语一般用主格, 但在口语中也常用宾格
    I saw at once it was her.我一下子看到了她。
    It's me.请开门,是我。(表语)
    4)作同位语
    作同位语是用宾格
    We ,us ,there,will be able to fulfill the task.我们三人就能完成这项任务。

  • 主宾格的替换:
    一、宾格代替主格
    a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not后,多用宾语。
      ---- I like English. --我喜欢英语。
      ---- Me too. --我也喜欢。
      ---- Have more wine? --再来点酒喝吗?
      ---- Not me. --我可不要了。
    b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格。
      He is taller than I/me.
      He is taller than I am.

    二、主格代替宾格
    a.在介词but,except后,有时可用主格代替宾格。
    b.在电话用语中常用主格。
      ---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。
      ---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。
    注意:在动词be或to be后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。
      I thought it was she. 我以为是她。 (主格----主格)
      I thought it to be her. (宾格----宾格)
      I was taken to be she. 我被当成了她。 (主格----主格)
    They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)

  • 人称代词用法:
    一、人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语,往往用在动词或介词后面。
    例:1.Listen to me,Dad.
    2.Peter is sitting behind me.
    3.Let me got here now.
    4.Give me an orange,please.

    二、you既是"你"或"你们"的主格,又是它们的宾格;her既是"她"的所有格,又是它的宾格。我们可以根据它们在句子中的位置来判断它们属于主格、所有格还是宾格。

    三、and是一个我们常用来连接两个词的连接词。它虽然与介词with有同样的意思,但它的前后可以是人称代词的主语,也可以是人称代词的宾格,而with只能跟人称代词的宾格。
    如:You and I are going to school.
      You are going to school with me.

    四、第三人称代词单数:er,sie,es 及 复数 sie 可指代人或物以及其它抽象概念等。此时,它们的性,数,格要与被指代的名词一致。

    人称代词用法口诀:

    人称代词分主/宾,只有八对要区分。
    你(们)、它主/宾同一形,其余主/宾须分清。
    谓语之前主格填,动/介之后宾格跟,
    口语运用最灵活,表语也可用宾格。
    人称代词并列现,注意顺序礼貌见,
    二一、三一、二三一,第一人称最谦虚,
    若把错误责任担,第一人称须当先。
    动前主格动后宾,名前形容介后宾;
    如果名词含在内,选用名物代就行。

    人称代词并列用法的排列顺序:
    1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:
    第二人称→第三人称→第一人称
    即:you and I;he/she/itandI;you,he/she/it and I
    2)复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:
    第一人称→第二人称→第三人称
    即:we and you;you and they;we,you and they

  • 人称代词的变格形式

    人称

    单数

    复数

    主格

    宾格

    主格

    宾格

    第一人称

    I

    me

    we

    us

    第二人称

    you

    you

    you

    you

    第三人称

    he
    she
    it

    him
    her
    it

    they 

    them

  • 人称代词的形式:
    在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es  
    一、人称代词he,she,it是第三人称单数。如: 
    He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 
    She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 
    It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。 

    二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如: 
    ①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 
    ②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 
    ③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 

    三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: 
    ①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 
    ②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 
    ③That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。 ④The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。 

    四、不定代词someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something等及指示代词this,that作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: 
    ①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 
    ②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 
    ③This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。 
    ④That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。 

    五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如: 
    ①The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 
    ②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 

    六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如: 
    ①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。 
    ②"I" is a letter. "I"是个字母。

考点名称:实义动词的现在分词

  • 现在分词具有双重性,一面具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语;
    另一面具有形容词和副词的特征,可以充当表语,定语,状语,补足语,可以表示主动或正在进行的动作,是非谓语动词的一种。

  • 实意动词现在分词变化规则:
    ①一般情况下在动词后加ing,如:
    study—studying,work—working
    ②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加ing,如:
    write—writing,move—moving
    ③以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾的重读音节结尾的动词,要双写末尾一个辅音字母, 再加ing,如:
    get—getting,begin—beginning 
    ④以ie结尾的动词,一般将ie改为y,再加ing,如:
    lie—lying,die—dying,tie—tying
    注:
    a 以字母l结尾动词,若末尾一个音节为重读音节,则必须双写l再加ing,如control / controlling,
    但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节,则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语),如travel / travel(l)ing。 
    b 名词变复数、形容词和副词变比较级和最高级、动词变过去式和过去分词等都有“改y规则”,“把y变成i再……”但动词的现在分词没有“改y规则”。 


  • 在变为现在分词时须双写最后一个字母的常用动词有:
    begin 开始    
    cut 切割   
    dig 挖   
    drop 掉    
    forget 忘记
    get 使、得到   
    hit 击中   
    let 让   
    prefer 更喜欢 
    put 放
    run 跑      
    sit 坐    
    shop 买东西  
    stop 停止  
    swim 游泳
    refer参考

    以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,去掉y加-ies变为第三人称单数形式,加-ied变为过去式和
    过去分词的常用动词有:
    carry 携带   
    copy 抄     
    cry 哭   
    fry 油煎  
    hurry 快走
    spy 侦探    
    study 学习   
    try 试   
    tidy 整理  
    worry 担忧

考点名称:动词短语

  • 动词短语:
    由动词和动短语成,或以动词为中心,功能同动词的短语叫动词短语,动词短语是动词的一种固定搭配形式,动词短语的搭配可分为下列四种基本类型。

  • 动词短语搭配形式:
    1.动词+副词
    ①作及物动词,例: 
    He brought up his children strictly.   
    从以上的例句中可以看出,在“动词+副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况:
    宾语如是名词,则可置于副词后面,亦可置于动词和副词之间。
    而如果宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间。   
    ②作不及物动词,例:    
    Something unexpected has turned up. 出现了令人意外的情况。(turn up=appear)   
    ③既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,例:   
    The barrel of gunpowder blew up.(不及物)火药桶爆炸了。   
    The soldiers blew up the bridge.(及物)士兵们把桥炸毁了。

    2.动词+介词 
    动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是在介词后面,例:
    I don’t much care for television.我不很喜欢电视。(care for=like)

    3.动词+副词+介词
    在这类动词短语中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,是动副词组和动介词组的合成体,词义上相当于一个及物动词。
    它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点,但宾语总是位于介词之后,例: 
    We must work hard to make up for lost time.我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。(make up for=compensate)

    4.动词+名词
    这类动词短语中的常见动词是have,take,give,make等,
    后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词,并表达了短语动词的真正意义,例:    
    Let’s have another try.让我们再试一下。(have a try=v.try)  

    5.动词+名词+介词    
    这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度,宾语总是位于介词之后,
     例:Keep an eye on the baby while I am out.我不在家时请照看一下小孩子。   

    6.be+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词    
    这类动词短语也相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后面,形容词是短语动词的真正词义,
    例:I know he is slow at understanding,but you have to be patient with him. 我知道他理解力差,但你得对他耐心些。

  • 动词短语与短语动词:
    <?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />一、短语动词
    (1)短语动词常常是两个词(一个动词+一个副词性小品)构成,如:wake up , get up ,turn out 等。

    (2)同一个动词后面可以有不同的副词性小品词,构成不同意义的短语动词。如:He turn on the radio .Bob turned out smiling.

    (3)短语动词用法普遍,尤其在非正式语言中:

    我们可以说 He awoke late the following morning .但这太正式了。

    我们通常说 He woke up late the following morning .


    短语动词的类型

    Here is a page from Mr Jones` diary :

    Monday ,February 5th.

    *有些短语动词不带宾语:

    The car broke down .Cigarette prices are going up.

    *多数主短语动词可以带宾语,宾语通常在副词性小品词的前或后:

    动词+副词性小品词+宾语 动词+宾语+副词性小品词

    I rang up a garage. I rang a garage up.

    如果宾语较长,则通常放在副词之后:

    I filled in an application form.(不说 I filled an application form in .)

    如果宾语是代词,其结构通常如下:

    动词+代词+副词性小品词

    I put it down.(不说 I put down it .)

    *有些短语动词是由三个词构成的(动词+副词性小品词+介词),这样,宾语就只能放在介词后面:

    I don`t get on with the people at work.

    短语动词由动词加上介词或副词小品词构成。比如:
    1. 由动词break构成的常见短语动词有:
    break away (from) 突然逃离;断绝往来,脱离;改掉,破除
    break down (机器等)坏了;(计划等)失败;(谈话等)中断;(健康等)变坏;感情失去控制
    break in 突然进来,强行进入;插嘴,打岔;训练,使适应
    break into 强行进入;突然…起来;打断,插嘴;占用时间
    break off 停止讲话;暂停,休息;(使)折断
    break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生,爆发
    break through 突破;克服,征服;强行穿过;(太阳等)从云层里出来
    break up 解散,驱散;(学校等)放假;结束,破裂;击碎;绝交
    break with 与…绝交,与…决裂
    2. 又如由bring构成的常用短语动词有:
    bring about 引起,实现,导致
    bring (a)round 使改变观点或看法;使苏醒;顺便把某人带来串门
    bring back 送还;使想起,使恢复
    bring down 击落;打死,打伤;使倒下;降低
    bring forth 产生,引起,结果
    bring in 收获;获利;介绍,引进;聘请;逮捕
    bring off 从船上救出;设法做成
    bring on 带来,引起;促使生长;帮助提高
    bring out 取出,拿出;显示出,使出来;出版
    bring over 说服,使改变(思想等)
    bring through 使度过(困难,危机等)
    bring together 使和解
    bring up 提出,提起;抚养,培养;呕吐

    二、动词短语
    动词短语由动词加上宾语或状语构成。如:
    break a glass 打破一个玻璃杯
    break one’s leg 摔断腿
    break a window 打破窗户
    break the rules 违反规定
    break a bad habit 改掉坏习惯
    break the world record 打破世界记录
    bread easily 容易断
    break to pieces 破成碎片
    bring a book 带来一本书
    bring sb sth 给某人带来某物
    bring sb great satisfaction 给某人带来极大的快慰
    bring death and famine 导致死亡和饥荒

  • 初中英语动词短语整理:
    1. break
    break down破坏,出毛病,拆开
    break off暂停,中断
    break in破门而入, 打断
    break into破门而入,突然…起来
    break out爆发
    break away from打破陈规;奋力挣脱;放弃习惯
    break through 出现,突破
    break up打碎,拆散, 分裂、分解

    2. call
    call at a place (车船等)停靠;到某地拜访。
    call away 叫走,叫开…;转移(注意力等)。
    call back唤回; 回电话;
    call for需要,要求
    call for sth (sb) 喊着叫某人来,喊着叫人取来某物
    call in 叫进,请进; 找来,请来;来访;收回
    call off取消; 叫走,转移开
    call (up)on sb 拜访或看望某人
    call sb sth 为某人叫某物
    call (up)on sb to do sth
    叫(请)某人做某事
    call up给…打电话;  想起,回忆起; 召集,应召入伍   
    call out大喊,高叫; 叫出去

    3. come
    come down下跌,落,降,传下来   
    come in进来  
    come out出版,结果是
    come on来临/ 快点   
    come along一道来,赶快
    come over走过来   
    come up发芽,走近     
    come back回来   
    come from来自,源自

    4. cut
    cut down砍倒,削减  
    cut up连根拔除,切碎

    5. die
    die of死于(疾病,饥饿,寒冷,情感原因)
    die from死于(外界原因)    
    die out绝种

    6. fall
    fall behind落后 
    fall down掉下,跌倒
    fall into 落入;陷入
    fall off 从。。。掉下
    fall out与。。。争吵

    7. go
    go along沿着。。。。走
    go through通过,经受
    go over复习,检查                  
    go up(价格)上涨,建造起来               
    go against违反  
    go away离开
    go by时间过去                      
    go down降低,(日、月)西沉
    go on(with)继续进行                  
    go out外出,熄灭                  
    go off发出响声

    8. get
    get down下来,记下,使沮丧         
    get on进展,进步,穿上,上车           
    get off脱下,下车
    get away逃跑,逃脱,去休假
    get over克服,从疾病中恢复  
    get along with进展,相处
    get up起床                              
    get into (trouble) 陷入困境中              
    get back取回,收回                      
    get out 出去
    get to 到达。。。

    9. give
    give away赠送,泄露,出卖        
    give out发出,疲劳,分发,      
    give in (to sb.) 屈服
    give up放弃,让(座位)

    10. hand
    hand in交上,提交
    hand out分发    

    11.hold
    hold on to…继续,坚持
    hold up举起,使停顿
    hold on别挂电话,等,坚持     

    12. keep       
    keep up with跟上
    keep out 不使。。。进入              
    keep from克制,阻止
    keep away from避开,不接近,
    keep on继续,坚持下来
    keep down 使。。。处于低水平                 

    13.knock
    knock at/on敲
    knock into撞到某人身上                   

    14. look
    look up查找,向上看 
    look through翻阅,浏览     
    look after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找
    look out(for)当心                                  
    look about / around/round四下查看
    look forward to盼望                           

    15. make
    make up编造,打扮,组成           
    make into / of / from 制成           

    16.pass     
    pass by经过              
    pass down(on)…to传给

    17. pay
    pay back还钱,报复 
    pay for付钱,因…得到报应  

    18. pick
    pick up拾起,接人,站起,收听,
    pick out挑选,辨认,看出  

    19. put
    put up张贴,举起,   
    put out伸出,扑灭            
    put off推迟               
    put into放进,翻译
    put away放好,存钱           
    put down记下,平息
    put on穿戴,上映,              
    put aside放到一边         
    put back放回

    20. stand
    stand out 突显,引人注目
    stand up 起立,站起来
    38.其它常用词组
    wake up 醒,唤醒,弄醒
    stay up 不睡觉;熬夜
    depend on依靠;取决于
    worry about为。。。担忧
    laugh at嘲笑。。。
    begin with以。。。开始
    mix up混合、搀和
    major in 主修
    grow up成长
    open up 打开,张开;开发
    end up到达或来到某处; 达到某状态
    throw away 丢弃。。。
    ask for要求。。。
    wait for等待。。。
    agree with同意。。。
    find out(经研究或询问)获知某事
    send out 发出,放出,射出
    search for 搜索,搜查
    chop down 砍到
    have.. on 穿着。。。
    step out of 跨步走出
    drop out of 从。。。掉出
    happen to 发生在。。。
    belong to属于
    arrive in /at到达。。。
    try on试穿。。。
    vote on对。。。进行投票
    strech out伸展。。。
    hang out闲逛
    leave for离开前往
    sell out 卖完、售完
    show up 出席;露面

    21. run
    run after追逐,追捕   
    run away逃跑  
    run off跑掉,迅速离开       
    run out of用完

    22. set
    set up建立       
    set off 激起,引起      

    23. take
    take after 与…相像
    take off脱掉,起飞  
    take away拿走  
    take up从事,占用(时间空间)   
    take down记录,取下       
    take back收回
    take pride in以… ……为自豪,
    take the place of 代替

    24. think
    think of想起,考虑,对…看法   
    think out(自然)想出办法  
    think up想出(设计出、发明、编造)
    think about考虑      
    think over仔细考虑      

    25. turn
    turn off / on打开                  
    turn to翻到,转向,求助
    turn down调低,拒绝               
    turn back返回,转回去
    turn round转过身来                 
    turn up向上翻,出现,音量调大                     

    26. care
    care about 担心,关心;在乎,介意
    care for 关心,关怀,照顾

    27. clean
    clean up 把…打扫干净,把…收拾整齐
    clean out 清除;把…打扫干净

    28.learn
    learn about 获悉,得知,认识到
    learn from  从/向。。。学习

    29. fight
    fight for..争取获得…
    fight against 争取克服、战胜…
    fight with…与。。。搏斗/战斗

    30. dream
    dream of梦想,想橡
    dream about 梦到。。。

    31. work
    work for 为。。工作
    work out 产生结果;发展;成功

    32. argue
    argue with …与。。。争论
    argue about..争论。。。

    33. complain
    complain to 向。。抱怨
    complain about抱怨。。。

    34. hear
    hear of 听说,得知
    hear about听到。。。的事,听到。。的话
    hear from接到。。。的信

    35. talk
    talk about 讨论。。。
    talk with/to..和。。。讨论

    36. live
    live in 住在。。。
    live on 以。。。为主食

  •  

考点名称:it 的用法

  • “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配,是英语语法的重点、难点,又是近几年考试的热点,因此在复习中应给予足够的重视。

  • It 句型归纳:
    1. It is +adj.(+for sb./sth.) + to do sth.
    用于此句型的形容词有:easy, hard, difficult,possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。如:
     It is necessary to change your job.
     It was very hard for them to walk such a long way in the snow.
    2.It is +n.(+for sb./sth.) + to do sth.
    用于此句型的名词有: pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。如:
     It is a pity for you to have missed such a wonderful play.
     It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.
    3.It is +adj.+of sb.+to do sth.
    此句型中的形容词主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有: kind, nice, wise,
    silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。如:
     How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!
     It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house.
    4.It is +adj.(+n.)+doing sth.
    此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有:no/little use, no/much good, useless等。如:
     It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
    5.It takes sb.+一段时间+to do sth. 表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”。如:
    It took us half an hour to ride to the town by the sea.
    6.It is +及物动词的过去分词+that从句
    此句型中常见的及物动词的过去分词有:said, told, known, reported, recorded, thought, believed, considered等。如:
    It is reported that the Russian President will visit China next week.
    7.It +不及物动词+that从句
    此句型中不及物动词常见的有:seem, happen, appear, matter等。如:
     It seems that there will be a heavy snow tomorrow.
     It happened that I met my good friends in the museum yesterday.
    8.强调句型:It is+被强调部分+that/who从句
    在使用强调句型时要注意,指人时可以用who或that,其它情况一律用that。如:
     It was under the bed that my brother hid the ball this morning.
     It is Mr Bell who/that often comes and looks after the old man.
    9.It is/has been+一段时间+since从句。如:
    It is /has been three years since we saw each other last.
    10.It is (high) time that sb. did sth.
    该句型表示“某人现在该做某事了”,从句常用过去时(虚拟语气)说明现在应该做的事情。如:
     It’s six o’clock.It is high time that we went home now.

    It 常用的固定搭配:
    1. make it
    (1)在口语当中相当于succeed,表示:成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达
    例  It's hard to make it to the top in show business.
    (2)在口语中相当于fix the date for,表示“约定好时间”
    例  —Shall we meet next week?
    —OK. We just make it next Saturday.
    2. as it is
    (1)相当于in fact,in reality表示“事实上,实际情况是……”
    例  We had planed to finish the task today,but as it is we probably won't finish it until next week.
    (2)相当于方式状语从句,表示“照原样”
    例  Leave the table as it is.
    3. as it were
    相当于as one might say,that is to say,表示“也就是说,可以说,换句话说”
    例  He is,as it were,a modern Sherlock Holmes.
    4. if it weren't for…/if it hadn't been for…
    用来引导虚拟语气,相当于without,or but for,表示“如果不是……,要不是……”
    例  If it weren't for Tom,I wouldn't be alive today.
    5. that's it
    (1)相当于That's all. That's so much. 表示“至此为止,没有别的了”
    例  You can have one more sweet,and that's it.
    (2)相当于 That's right.表示“对啦”
    例  — I guess the key to the problem is thechoice “A”
    —That's it.
    6. catch it
    在口语中,相当于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示“因做错事而挨骂,受责备,受批评,受惩罚”
    例  We'll really catch it form our teacher if we're late for class again.
    7. have it
    (1)相当于say,insist表示“说,主张,表明,硬说”
    例  Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.
    (2)相当于get to know something,表示“了解,知道,获悉”
    例  I had it from John that she was going abroad.
    8. have what it takes
    在口语中,相当于be well qualified for,表示“具有成功的条件”
    例  You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star.
    9. so it seems / appears.
    10. Keep at it!(Don't give up!)
    相当于go on,表示“继续做,不放弃”
    例  My teacher asked me to keep at it.
    11. Go it!(Go on!)拼命干,莽撞
    12. Now you have done it!(You have done sth. wrong.)
    13. Now you'll catch it!(You'll be punished.)
    14. As it happened,…
    在口语中,相当于it's a pity that…,表示“真不凑巧,真遗憾”
    例  As it happened,they were out.
    15. As it turned out,…
    在口语中,相当于it was found to be in the end,表示“最后被证明是”
    例  As it turned out,his statement was false.
    16. Such as it is(they are)
    在口语中,相当于although it may not be worth much,表示“虽然没有多大价值”
    例  You can borrow my exam notebook,such as it is.
    17. Take it/things easy.
    相当于Don't worry or don't hurry. 用来劝告别人,表示“不要慌,别担心,存住气”
    例  Take it easy! He will do it well.
    18. Take it from me.
    在口语中,相当于believe me what I say.表示“请相信我的话,我敢担保”
    例  You can take it from me that he will make it this time.
    19. For what it is worth…
    在口语中,相当于although I'm not sure it's of value,表示“不管其价值如何”
    例  Here is the article I promise you,for what it's worth.
    20. Worth it
    在口语中,相当于useful,表示“有好处,值得做”
    例  Don't hesitate about it! It's worth it.
    21. Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”
    例  Believe it or not,Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday.
    22. Take it or leave it. v. 要么接受要么放弃
    例  That is my last offer. You can take it or leave it.
    23. It all depends/that all depends
    在口语中,相当于it hasn't been decided yet,表示“那得看情况,还没有定下来”
    例  —Are you going to the countryside for holiday?
    —It/That all depends.
    24. It's up to sb.
    在口语中,相当于it's decided by sb. 表示“由……决定,由……负责,取决于……”
    例  —Shall we go out for dinner?
    —It's up to you.

  • it用法小结:
    It用作实词
    表达以下概念:
    指代前文提到的事物,前文中的this, that;
    替代前文中的内容;
    指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人;
    指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事;
    指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象。

    一、it 作人称代词的用法
    1. 指事物
    作为人称代词,it 可以除人以外的一切事物或动物。如:
    I dropped my watch and it broke. 我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。
    It’s hard work, but I enjoy it. 工作很辛苦,可是我乐意干。
    “Where is the dog?” “It’s in the bedroom. ” “狗在哪?”“在卧室里”。
    2. 指人
    it 指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如:
    Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩?
    There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 有人在敲门,一定是邮递员。
    【说明】在答语中,常用来指本人,如说 It’s me。
    3. 代替某些代词
    代词 it 还可用于代替指示代词this, that 以及复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing等。如:
    “What’s this?” “It’s a new machine. ” “这是什么?”“是一种新机器”。
    Nothing is wrong, is it? 没出什么问题,是吗?

    二、it 作非人称代词的用法
    1. 基本用法
    it 作非人称代词的用法,主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。如:
    It’s too late to go there now. 现在去那儿已经太迟了。
    It rained all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。
    It can get very hot here. 这里有时会很热。
    2. 用于某些句型
    It’s time for sth. 该做某事了。
    It’s time to do sth. 该做某事的时候了。
    It’s time for sb to do sth. 某人该干某事了。
    It’s (about / high) time + that-从句. 某人该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去式,有时也用“should+动词原形”)
    It’s first (second) time + that-从句. 某人第几次干某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)
    It’s + 时间段 + since-从句. 自从……有一段时间了。
    It’s + 时间段 + before-从句. 过多长的时间才……

    三、it用作形式主语
    1. 基本用法
    当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时,为保持句子平衡,通常把真正的主语放在句末,而在句首使用形式主语it。如:
    It’s very important to remember this. 记住这一点很重要。
    It’s hard work climbing mountains. 爬山是费劲的事。
    It’s unknown when he will come. 他什么时候来还不知道。
    2. 用作形式主语的的重要句型
    (1) It + be + adj. for (of) sb to do sth 某人做某事……
    It is hard for him to make up his mind. 他很难下定决心。
    It was foolish of her to say such a thing. 她说那样的话,真是太蠢了。
    【说明】介词 of 与 for 的区别是:
    of 用于指某人的性格、属性、特征等,介词for表示对象,意为“对……来说” 。
    (2) It takes sb + 时间段 + to do sth. 某人做某事花了……时间
    It takes years to master a new language. 要花多年的时间才能掌握一门新的语言。
    【说明】此句型可以有以下多变种变体:It took me an hour to write the letter.
    =The letter took me an hour (to write). =I took an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了一个小时
    (3) It is up to sb to do sth. 该由某人做某事
    It’s up to you to to make the choice. 得由你来作选择。
    (4) it look (seem, appear, happen, occur) that [as if]… 似乎……
    It seemed as though he didn’t recognize me. 他似乎没认出我来。
    It happened that I was out when he called. 他打电话时我碰巧不在家。
    (5) If it were not for… / If it hadn’t been for… 若不是因为……
    If it were not for their help, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. 要不是他们帮助,这些困难我们不克服不了的。

    四、it用作形式宾语
    1. 基本用法
    当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时,通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末。
    其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。如:
    I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。
    I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。
    We think it no use complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。
    2. 用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构
    (1) 动词+ it + that-从句。如:
    I like it that you came. 你来了,我很高兴。
    I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。
    You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。
    Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传闻,国防部长不久就要辞职。
    【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有 have, take, put, like 等。
    (2) 动词 + it + when (if)-从句。如:
    I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。
    We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了,我们十分感激。
    I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作,好就太好了。
    【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有 enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。
    (3) 动词 + prep + it + that-从句。如:
    See to it that you’re not late again. 注意千万不要再迟到。
    Look to it that this doesn’t happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。
    You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you. 你放心,他会来接你的。
    I can’t answer for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。
    【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等。
    (4) 动词 + it + 介词短语+ that-从句。如:
    I owe it to you that I am still alive. 多亏有你我才仍然活着。
    I took it for granted that he would help us. 我认为他会帮助我们的。
    【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sb’s attention, owe it to sb 等。

    it在强调句中的使用
    It is+被强调部分+that(who)+其他
    在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点:
    1. 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句 
    2. 在强调原因状语从句时,只能强调由because所引导的从句。
    3. 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上。
    4. 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别。
    5. 不管被强调部分是单数还是复数,其前一律用It is / It was,而不能用They are / There were之类的。
    6. 被强调部分是指人时,被强调部分后可用that / who,被强调部分指物时,被强调部分后只能用that。
    7. 被强调部分是指时间或地点时,被强调部分后通常用that,一般不用when,where之类的。例:
    It is I who am right. 是我对。
    It was you that were wrong. 是你错了。
    It was in the Japan that he died. 他是死于日本。
    It was yesterday that he got married. 他是昨天结婚的。
    It was a computer that he bought last week. 他上个星期买的是一台电脑。
    Where was it that she lived? 她是住在什么地方?
    When was it that he left for Japan? 他是什么时候离开去日本的?
    Who is it that teaches you English? 是谁教你们英语?



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