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一 I _____to make a decision for myself. What should I do? 一 If I _____you, I'd talk with my parents. [ ]A. don't allow; am B. won't allow; was C. am-九年级英语
[db:作者]  2020-01-06 00:00:00  零零社区

题文

一 I _____ to make a decision for myself. What should I do?
一 If I _____ you, I'd talk with my parents.

[     ]

A. don't allow; am
B. won't allow; was
C. am not allowed; were
D. weren't allowed; be
题型：单选题  难度：中档

答案

C

据专家权威分析，试题“一 I _____to make a decision for myself. What should I do?..”主要考查你对  被动语态，虚拟语气句  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：

被动语态虚拟语气句

考点名称：被动语态

  • 语态：
    是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。
    语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
    如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；
    如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。

  • 被动语态的构成:
    被动语态的基本结构：
    主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者）
    ① 一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词
    如：Trees are planted every year.
    ② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词
    如：The road is being repaired. 
    ③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词
    如：The work has been finished.
    ④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
    如：The story was told by him.
    Many birds were killed last year.
    ⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词
    如： The new house was being painted when I got home.
    ⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词
    如： He told me that the work had been finished.
    ⑦一般将来时  will +be + 过去分词
    如：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
    ⑧ 过去将来时 would/should +be +过去分词
    如： He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.
    ⑨情态动词的被动语态
    情态动词+ be +过去分词    
    如：The problem must be solved soon.
    Children should be taught to love animals.

  • 被动语态使用注意:
    1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 如：happen, break down, come out......
    What will happen in 100 years.
    The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
    2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如： write, sell, ride.....
    This pen writes well.
    This new book sells well.
    3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带“to”，但变为被动语态时，须加上“to”。
    例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
    see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
    A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
    The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
    4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
    He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
    He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
    My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
    5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
    We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.
    He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
    The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
    构成be+done.

  • 主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
    ①把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
    ②把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
    ③原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。
    ④其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。

    不用于被动语态的情形：
    ①不及物动词没有被动语态
    这类动词有take place, happen, come about, break out, appear, disappear, last,  arise等。
    例如：A fire broke out during the night.
    ②某些静态动词不用于被动语态
    这类动词有have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble等。 
    例如：My shoes do not fit me.
    ③宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态
    例如：We should help each other.

    关于主动形式表示被动意义:
    ①系动词（如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等）要用主动表被动，因为系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。
    例如：The building looks very beautiful.
    ②当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如：The book sells well.
    ③有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。
    例如：Her eyes filled with tears.
    ④不定式to blame, to let用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动。
    例如：Who is to blame?
    ⑤某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如：The book is difficult to understand.
    ⑥不定式用于某些动词（如have, have got, get, want, need等）的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如：Do you have time to help us?
    ⑦在too...to do sth.和...enough to do sth. 这两个结构中，若主语与其后不定式为to do sth.被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义（有时也可直接用 被动式）。
    例如：The writing is too faint to read.
    ⑧be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。
    例如：This movie is worth seeing.
    ⑨在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如：The house needs cleaning.

    表示“据说”的三类被动句型:
    ①It is said that...句式
    例如：It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number.
    ②There is said that...句式 
    例如：There is said to be plenty of oil off our coast.
    ③sb./sth.is said that...句式
    例如：Mr. Brown is said to have died of liver cancer.

  • 被动语态各时态构成 ：

    时态

    被动语态 

    一般现在时

    am/is/are+过去分词

    一般过去时

    was/were+过去分词

    现在进行时

    am/is/are being+过去分词

    过去进行时

    was/were being+过去分词

    一般将来时

    will be+过去分词

    过去将来时

    would be+过去分词

    现在完成时

    have/has been+过去分词

    过去完成时

    had been+过去分词

    情态动词

    情态动词be+过去分词

  • 情态动词的被动语态：
    一、理解含情态动词的被动语态的概念含情态动词的被动语态说明某个被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。
    初中阶段可用于被动语态的情态动词有“can、may、must、need、should”等，
    分别表示“能够被……”，“可以被……”，“必须被……”，“需要被……“，应该被……”等。

    二、掌握含情态动词的被动语态的不同句式的变换方法含情态动词的被动语态的疑问句、否定句的变化均借助于情态动词完成。
    （一）一般疑问句直接将陈述句被动语态中的情态动词提前。如：
    Mustthisworkbedoneatonce？这项工作必须立即完成吗？
    Shouldyourhomeworkbefinishedbeforesix？你的家庭作业应在六点前完成吗？
    （二）特殊疑问句由疑问词加上一般疑问句被动语态构成。如：
    Whenmustthisworkbedone？这工作必须在什么时候完成？
    Wherecanthelostbookbefound？这本失踪的书能在什么地方被找到？
    （三）反意疑问句借助情态动词构成附加疑问部分。如：
    Thisbridgecanbebuiltnextyear，can'tit？这座桥明年能建成，是吗？
    Thisbookshouldn'tbetakenoutofthelibrary，shouldit？这本书不应被带出图书馆，是吗？
    （四）否定句在情态动词后面加上“not”或“never”即可，但“must”表“必要”时否定式为“needn't”。如：
    Thisworkneedn'tbedoneatonce．这项工作没必要立即做。Thisdustbinshouldn'tbeputhere．这个垃圾箱不应放在这儿。

    三、含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答应保留原情态动词，
    但“must”表“必须”时，其否定回答应用“needn't”、“need”表“必要”时，其肯定回答应用“must”。如：
    —Shouldmyexercisesbefinishedtoday？我的作业应在今天完成吗？
    —Yes，theyshould．是的，应在今天完成。（No，theyshouldn't．不，不应在今天完成。）
    —Musthisexercisebookbehandedinatonce？他的练习本必须立即上交吗？
    —Yes，itmust．是的，必须立即上交。（No，itneedn't．不，不必立即上交。）
    —Needhebeoperatedonatonce？他必须立即手术吗？
    —Yes，hemust．是的，他必须。（No，heneedn't．不，他不必。）

考点名称：虚拟语气句

  • 虚拟语气:
    用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
    虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

  • 初中阶段主要学习在条件句中的虚拟语气。
    条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。

    时间

    条件从句 

    主句 

    例句 

    与现在事实相反

    If+主语+过去式（系
    动词be多用were）

    would
    主语+should+V原 
    could

    见①②句

    与过去事实相反

    If+主语+had+过去分词

    Would
    主语+should+have+过    
    去分词 
    could

    见③④句

    与将来事实相反

    过去式    
    If+主语+ should+V原 
    were to+V原

    would
    主语+should+V原 
     could 
     

    见⑤⑥句

    例句：
    ① If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
    ② If I won a million dollars, I would give it to charities.
    ③ If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed.
    ④ If I had known that earlier, I wouldn’t have done it. 
    ⑤ If he should go to Tsinghua University, he would make full use of his time.
    ⑥ If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.

  • 虚拟语气误区:
    1.混合条件句的主从句时态不会灵活变化；
    2.省略if时，句子调整不正确；
    3.不会去找意思中的“应该”含义；
    4.陷在虚拟中出不来，把真实条件句当成虚拟条件句。

    省略虚拟条件:
    1.省略连词if
    有时可将条件从句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒装句型，即把从句中的were,should,had 等提到句首：
    Were I Tom,I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。
    Should it be necessary,I would go. 假若有必要，我会去的。
    Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。
    【注】
    ① 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成Weren’t,Shouldn’t,Hadn’t而置于句首。
    ② 有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词：
    Had I time,I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…)

    2.省略主语和动词be
    若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略：
    If repaired earlier,the tractor would not have broken down.
    要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)

    3.省略“it+be”
    If necessary,I would send more farmhands to help you.
    如果需要的话，我会派更多的人去帮你。(=If it was necessary,…)

    4.省略条件从句
    这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，即省略条件从句后，所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的：
    I might see her personally. It would be better.
    我可以亲自去看她，这样好一些。(=If I saw her personally,it would be better.)

    含蓄条件句中
    (1) 条件暗含在短语中。如：
    We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
    我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。（暗含条件是otherwise）
    Without your help,we wouldn’t have achieved so much.
    没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。
    （暗含条件是介词短语without your help）
    But for your help,I would not have succeeded in the experiment.
    如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。（暗含条件是but for your help）
    It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately.
    不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障。
    （暗含条件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately）
    (2) 条件暗含在上下文中。如：
    I would not have done it that way.
    我是不会那么做的。（可能暗含if I were you）
    I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you.
    我那天很忙。否则我会来帮你的。（可能暗含if I hadn’t been so busy.）
    You might come to join us in the discussion.
    你可以参加我们的讨论。（可能暗含if you wanted to）
    I would have bought the DVD player.
    我是会买下那台影碟机的。（可能暗含if I had the money）
    But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.
    要不是碰到暴雨，我们还会早些到。（可能暗含if it had not been for the storm）。

  • 条件状语从句用法及动词形式:
    1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：
    从句：If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were)
    主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do
    eg：　
    1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella.
    如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）
    2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.
    如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）
    3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.
    如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)
    4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.
    如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没有带钱）
    5．If he studied harder,he might pass the exam.
    如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力）
    6．she looked at me as if I had been a stranger.
    她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。（事实：我并非陌生人）　
    2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
    从句：If 主语+had+done
    主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done
    eg：
    1．If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）
    2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）
    3、表示对将来情况的主观推测
    主句：主语+should+do　
    从句：
    ①if+主语+were to do
    ②if+主语+should/would/could/might+do
    ③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were
    eg：
    1．If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
    如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）
    2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.
    如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：下雪可能性很小）
    3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.
    如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小）
    4、 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。
    ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
    eg：
    If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.
    如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了
    If they had informed us,we would not come here now.
    如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
    ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：
    If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.
    如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。
    If he knew her,he would have greeted her.
    要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
    5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。eg：
    Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.
    要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
    Were she here,she would agree with us.
    如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
    Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.
    如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
    6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…，but for…等　　
    eg：
    But for his help,we would be working now.
    要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
    Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.
    要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
    We didn't know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.
    我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。
    7、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
    ①省略从句
    He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
    You could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。
    ②省略主句
    If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
    If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。
    8.注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。
    eg：If I were you,I would go to look for him.
    如果我是你，就会去找他。

  • 虚拟语气的其他用法:
    1、一想要( desire )
    一宁愿( prefer )
    一坚持( insist )
    二命令( order , command )
    三建议( advise , suggest , propose/recommend)
    四要求( demand , require , request , ask)中，
    无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用："should + do"。should可以省略。
    eg：
    He suggested that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
    He insisted that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
    He demand that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
    He ordered that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
    insist 意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持某种观点，某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。eg：
    He insists he is a student.
    他坚持说他是个学生。
    这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。
    suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。
    eg：
    His face suggests that he looks worried .
    他的表情暗含着他很担心。
    这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。
    2、表情绪、观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气。如：
    necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity ,the shame ,no wonder等。
    句型：It is.......that +主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型或 只用动词原型。
    eg:
    Do you think it is necessary that he (should)not be sent to Lingbao.
    It is strange that such a person should be our friend.
    奇怪的是这样一个人会成为我们的朋友。
    注：这一点还没有准确的说法，希望善心人能把这点补充完全。
    3、 在even if,even though 所引导的让步状语从句中用may/might+动词原形，may/might可以省略，表示与现在相反的情况；
    从句用过去完成时，表示与过去相反的情况，类似的词有though/even though/whatever/however/so long as; 主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。
    eg：
    Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do.
    即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。（事实：他没来）
    Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.
    即使华佗在世也救不了他。（事实：华佗不在世）
    4、 在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever,wherever，however,no matter wh-等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：指现在或将来：may +do。
    eg：
    We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.
    不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。
    We will find him wherever he may be.
    无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。
    I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.
    不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。
    指过去：may +have done 。
    eg：
    You mustn't be proud whatever great progress you may have made.
    不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。
    We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made.
    不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。
    5、一般would rather,had rather,would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
    过去 had + done　
    现在 过去时(be 用were )
    将来 过去时(be 用were ) （would rather 将来情况用一般过去时）
    eg：
    I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday.
    我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
    I'd rather you were here now.
    我倒想你现在在这儿。
    We'd rather you went here tomorrow.
    我们倒想你明天去那儿
    注：注意would rather，had rather，would sooner的细微差别，可以百度一下查查。
    6、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：
    It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do（优先使用动词过去式） ，即从句用虚拟过去式。
    It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.
    我该去学校接我的女儿了。
    It is high time you should go to work.
    你早该上班了。
    7、 简单句中的虚拟语气
    （1） 说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should +do。
    eg：
    Would you mind me shutting the door?
    你介意我把门关起来吗？
    You should always learn this lesson by heart.
    你要把这个教训牢记于心。
    I should agree with you.
    我本该同意你的观点。（委婉的不同意）
    （2）表示“祝愿”时，常用may + 主语+ do。
    eg：
    May you have a good journey!
    祝你一路顺风。
    May your youth last forever!
    祝你青春永驻。
    （3）表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用do。
    eg：God bless us. 上帝保佑。
    （4）习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。
    ① 提出请求或邀请。eg：
    Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?
    今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？
    Could I use your bike now?
    我可以用一下你的单车吗？
    ② 陈述自己的观点或看法。eg：
    I should be glad to meet you.
    见到你我会很高兴。
    I would try my best to help you.
    我会尽力帮助你。
    ③提出劝告或建议。eg：
    You'd better ask your father first.
    你最好先问一问你的父亲。
    You should make a full investigation of it first.
    你应该先全面调查一番。
    ④ 提出问题。eg：
    Do you think he could get here on time
    你认为他能按时来吗？
    Do you expect he would tell us the truth?
    你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？
    ⑤表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：情态动词 + have done。
    eg：
    You should have got here earlier. 你早该到这里了。
    You should have returned it to him. 你早该把它还给他了。
    8、虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。详见百度百科之方式状语从句词条。
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