句型转换1. Mike feels well and can play football. （改为同义句）Mike feel play football.2. People speak English as the first language in New Zealand.（改为被动-九年级英语
[db:作者] 2020-01-06 00:00:00 零零社区
题文
句型转换
1. Mike feels well and can play football. （改为同义句） Mike feel play football. 2. People speak English as the first language in New Zealand.（改为被动句） English___as the first language in New Zealand. 3. He went to see his grandma every two weeks.（对划线部分提问） did he go to see his grandma? 4. We think that it is our duty.（改为强调句） We_ ____that it is our duty. 5. Parents should allow teenages to practice their hobbies.（改为被动语态） Teenagers should practice their hobbies.
题型：句型转换 难度：中档
答案
1. well enough to 2. is spoken 3. How often 4. do think 5. be allowed to
据专家权威分析，试题“句型转换1. Mike feels well and can play football. （改为同义..”主要考查你对 被动语态，形容词，副词，介词，强调句 等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
被动语态的构成: 被动语态的基本结构： 主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者） ① 一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词 如：Trees are planted every year. ② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词 如：The road is being repaired. ③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词 如：The work has been finished. ④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 如：The story was told by him. Many birds were killed last year. ⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词 如： The new house was being painted when I got home. ⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词 如： He told me that the work had been finished. ⑦一般将来时 will +be + 过去分词 如：The problem will be discussed tomorrow. ⑧ 过去将来时 would/should +be +过去分词 如： He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon. ⑨情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+ be +过去分词 如：The problem must be solved soon. Children should be taught to love animals.
被动语态使用注意: 1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 如：happen, break down, come out...... What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如： write, sell, ride..... This pen writes well. This new book sells well. 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带“to”，但变为被动语态时，须加上“to”。 例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us. He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse. 构成be+done.
不用于被动语态的情形： ①不及物动词没有被动语态 这类动词有take place, happen, come about, break out, appear, disappear, last, arise等。 例如：A fire broke out during the night. ②某些静态动词不用于被动语态 这类动词有have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble等。 例如：My shoes do not fit me. ③宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态 例如：We should help each other.
关于主动形式表示被动意义: ①系动词（如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等）要用主动表被动，因为系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。 例如：The building looks very beautiful. ②当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如：The book sells well. ③有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。 例如：Her eyes filled with tears. ④不定式to blame, to let用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动。 例如：Who is to blame? ⑤某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如：The book is difficult to understand. ⑥不定式用于某些动词（如have, have got, get, want, need等）的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如：Do you have time to help us? ⑦在too...to do sth.和...enough to do sth. 这两个结构中，若主语与其后不定式为to do sth.被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义（有时也可直接用 被动式）。 例如：The writing is too faint to read. ⑧be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。 例如：This movie is worth seeing. ⑨在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如：The house needs cleaning.
表示“据说”的三类被动句型: ①It is said that...句式 例如：It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. ②There is said that...句式 例如：There is said to be plenty of oil off our coast. ③sb./sth.is said that...句式 例如：Mr. Brown is said to have died of liver cancer.
形容词： 简称adj.或a，形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态，和特征的程度好坏与否，形容词在句中作定语，表语，宾语补足语。 她是一个好学生，她学习努力。She is a good student, and she works hard. 这辆自行车很贵。This bike is expensive. 对不起,我现在很忙。I am sorry, I'm busy now. 你为这次会议做好准备了吗? Have you got everything ready for the meeting?
形容词的语法功能： 一、作定语 He is the greatest writer alive.他是依然健在的伟大的作家。 Somewone else has done it.别人已经做了这事。 二、作补语 形容词做主语补足语和宾语补足语时,可以表示其现状、状态，也可以表示某一动作的结果，并常用在表示“认为，看待”的动词如believe，prove，consider等候。例如： The news made her sad.这消息使他感到非常悲伤。 Don't marry young.不要早婚。 三、作状语 形容词或形容词短语可作状语，形容词作状语时，可以看作是“being+形容词”结构的省略，可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、强调或伴随状况等意义。例如： Enthusiastic，they are co-operative.热心的时候他们是很合作的。 Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems.不管是穷人还是富人，不管是年轻人还是老人，我们都有问题。 四、做表语 The ship was adrift on unknown seas．那艘船在陌生的海域漂流。 五、做主语 Old and young joined the discussion. Rich or poor meant the same to him.作感叹语 Very good!Say it again. Stupid!He must be crasy.
形容词的几个特殊用法： most 同形容词连用而不用 the, 表示 " 极,很,非常, 十分"。 It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了这件事，太难了。
"The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..." 表示 " 越... 就越..."。 The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。 The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。 The more, the better. 越多越好。
" 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。 It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了. It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。 The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。 The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。
主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。 This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。 I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。
the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。 I like to have a talk with the young. 我喜欢同年轻人谈话。 The rich sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。 The police led the old man across the street. 警察领老人横过马路。
以-ly结尾的形容词 1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错） She sang lovely. （错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） Her singing was lovely. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.
too+adj.+to句型 “太…而不能” He is too young to go to school. =He isn’t old enough to go to school. =He is so young that he can’t go to school.
形容词的位置: 1.形容词一般放在名词前作定语? 单个形容词修饰名词时，一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。例如：? a red flower一朵红花? an interesting story一个有趣的故事? six blind men 六个盲人? my own house我自己的房子? 如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定，越密切的形容词越靠近名词。 如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面，音节多的形容词放在后面。 2.当形容词所修饰的词是由some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时，形容词必须置于名词之后。例如：? She has something new to tell me.?她有一些新的情况告诉我。? I have nothing important to do today.?今天我没有重要的工作要做。? Do you know anybody else here??这儿你还有认识的人吗？? 3.形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时，形容词必须置于名词之后。例如：? It is a problem difficult to work out.?这是一道难以解决的问题。? Edison is a student difficult to teach.?爱迪生是个很难教的学生。? This is a kind of flowers easy to grow.?这是一种易栽的花。? 4.用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。例如：? All people,young or old,should be strict with themselves.? 所有的人，无论老少，都应该严格要求自己。? We are building a new school, modern and super.? 我们正在建一所现代化的高档次的新型学校。? All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的国家，无论穷富都应该互相帮助。? 5.有少数形容词，如enough和possible，既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：? Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare?你有足够的时间做准备吗？? Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或许它将成为一次可能的机遇。 6.有些形容词，置于名词之前与之后，含义不尽相同。例如：? the writer present 出席的作者? the present writer 现在的作者? 7.表示长，宽，高，深，及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。 This river is about 100 metres wide. The building is more than 50 metres tall. He is less than 40 years old. 8. enough修饰名词时，在名词前后都可以。 They said that they had enough food.= They said that they had food enough. enough 修饰形容词和副词，位于其后。 He is old enough to join the army. He isn’t old enough to go to school. 9.形容词else通常放在疑问代词，疑问副词或不定代词后 what/who/where/when/when else something/anything/nothing…else What else did you do? Do you have anything else to say? 10.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。 This is the book easy to read. 这是一本容易读的书。
形容词知识拓展: 名词化的形容词： 有些形容词可以和定冠词连用，表示一类人或事物，这时，它相当于一个名词，可作主语或宾语； 表示一类人时，看作复数，表示一类事物时，通常看作单数。 Robin Hooh(罗宾汉) hated the rich and loved the poor. The old are taken good care of in American. the+形容词，常见的短语有： the old/the young/the sick/the white/ the black/the rich/the poor/the dead(死者)
复合形容词的类型： (1)名词+过去分词 man-made satellite 人造卫星 (2)形容词+现在分词 a good-looking man (3)形容词+名词 second-hand cars (4)数词+名词-ed three-legged chairs三条腿的椅子 (5)数词+名词 400- metre race (6)副词+现在分词 hard-working students (7)副词+过去分词 well-known writers (8)形容词+形容词 a dark-red jacket (9)形容词+过去分词 ready-made clothes 成品服装
含有形容词的常用句型： (1) It’s+adj. of sb. to do sth. (good/ kind/nice/polite/clever/foolish… ) It’s very kind of you to help me. (2) It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth. (difficult/easy/hard/dangerous/usefulinteresting/important…) It’s important for us to learn English well. (3)下列形容词后常跟动词不定式 表示情感或情绪的形容词：glad,pleased,sorry,sad,afraid,thankful… I'm glad to see you. 表示能力，意志或推测的形容词：ready,able,sure,certain… I’m sorry to hear that.
某些现在分词和过去分词可作形容词 the moving story 令人感动的故事 a moved boy 一个被感动的男孩 a frightened child 一个被吓到的孩子 a frightening film 一个恐怖电影
副词分类: 1、时间副词有三类：always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实之前义动词 1）表示发生时间的副词： It’s beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了！ 2）表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实之前义动词: She often changes her mind. 她常改变主意。 3）还有一些其他表示时间的副词： He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。 2、地点副词： 1）有不少表示地点的副词： She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。 2）还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形，跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词： ①用作介词：Stand up! 起立！ ②用作副词：A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。 3）以where 构成的副词也是地点副词： It’s the same everywhere. 到处都一样。 3、方式副词: carefully, properly(适当地), anxiously(焦虑地), suddenly, normally(正常地), fast, well, calmly(冷静地), politely(有礼貌地), proudly(自豪地), softly, warmly ,slowly 4、程度副词: much,little, very,rather(相当),so,too,still, quite, perfectly(完美地), enough, extremely(非常), entirely(整个),almost, slightly(细小地), hardly. 5、疑问副词: how, when, where, why. 6、关系副词: when, where, why.等。 7、 连接副词: therefore(因此),moreover(此外),however,otherwise(另外的),then,when ,where,how,why等。
副词的语法作用： 副词在句中可作状语,表语,补语，定语。 He works hard. （作状语） 他工作努力。 You speak English very well. （作状语） 你英语讲的相当好。 Is she in ? （作表语） 她在家吗? Let's be out. （作表语） 让我们出去吧。 Food here is hardly to get. （here作定语，hardly作状语） 这儿很难弄到食物。 Let him out!（作补语） 让他出去！ 修饰名词的副词放在被修饰词之后 a. The villagers there are busy getting in wheat.
不同类型副词的用法比较： 方式副词： 1）英语中有大量方式副词，说明行为方式（回答how的问题）： How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳的真美。 2）还有相当多的副词，表示某些情绪： She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。 3）还有一些以-ly结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况： He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。
程度副词和强调副词 ： 1）程度副词可修饰动词，表示“到某种程度”： Is she badly hurt? 她伤得重吗？ [说明] 这类副词除修饰动词外，还可修饰形容词（a）或另一副词(b): a. fairly simple 相当简单 quite correct 完全正确 b. wonderfully well 好极了 do it very quickly 干得很快 2）much 是一个特殊的程度副词，它可以： a. 修饰形容词等： I’m not much good at singing. 我唱歌不太好。 b. 修饰比较级： You sing much better than me. 你比我唱的好多了。 Their house is much nicer than ours. 他们的房子比我们的好多了。
疑问副词和连接副词： 1）疑问副词：疑问副词用来引导特殊问句： how: How is your grandmother? 你奶奶身体好吗？ where: Where does she come from? 她是哪儿人？ when: When can you come? 你什么时候能来？ why: Why was he so late? 他为什么来得这么晚？ 2）连接副词：连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样，但都引导从句或与不定式连用： how: Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗？ where: I don’t know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。（引导宾语从句） when: Tell me when you’ll be ready. 告诉我你什么时候准备好。（引导宾语从句） why: That’s why I came round. 这就是我来的原因。（引导表语从句）
一些其它类型的副词，如表示方向的副词： Let’s go inside. 咱们到里面去。 Take two steps forward. 向前走两步。
副词的位置： 1、实义动词前，be动词、情态动词之后。 I am also Bush. I can also do that. I also want to play that games. I get up early in the morning everyday. 我每天早早起床。 He gave me a gift yesterday. 他昨天给了我一件礼物。 She didn't drink water enough. 她喝的水不够。 The train goes fast. 火车跑得快。 We can go to this school freely. 我们可以免费到这家学校学习。 They left a life hardly then. 当时他们的生活很艰难。 He has a new hat on today. 他今天戴了一顶新帽子。 I have seen this film twice with my friends. 这部电影我和朋友看过两次。
2、副词修饰形容词,副词时,副词在前面,而被修饰的词在后面。 It's rather easy, I can do it. 这很容易,我能做到。 He did it quite well. 他做得相当好。 It's rather difficult to tell who is right.很难说谁是对的。 It's so important that I must tell my friends. 这件事太重要了，我得告诉我的朋友。 It's much better. 好多了。
3、频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和助动词的后面。 I often help him these days. 这些日子我经常帮助他。 I always remember the day when I first came to this school. 我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天。 You mustn't always help me. 你不能老是帮助我。 He seldom comes to see us. 他很少来看我们。 We usually go shopping once a week. 我们通常一周买一次东西。 The new students don't always go to dance. 新学生并不时常去跳舞。
4、疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面。 When do you study everyday? 你每天什么时间学习? Can you tell me how you did it? 你能告诉我你如何做的吗? First, let me ask you some questions. 先让我来问几个问题。 How much does this bike cost? 这辆车子多少钱？ Either you go or he comes. 不是你去就是他来。 The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 当老师进教室时，学生们正在读书。
5、时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面时间副词在后面。 We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday. 昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了. What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午你在教室里干什么？ The accident took place in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago. 一小时前十一号大街发生了一场事故。
6、否定副词在句首，句子要倒装，如： Never have I felt so excited!
兼有两种形式的副词： 1) close与closely close意思是"近"； closely 意思是"仔细地" He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.
2) late 与lately late意思是"晚"； lately 意思是"最近" You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?
3) deep与deeply deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地" He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film.
4) high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.
5) wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方" He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.
6) free与freely free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地" You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like. 副词有加a或ly的 区别在于通常加a 的副词描述一种状态，而加ly 的副词则倾向于感觉。
介词at, in, on的区别: 1. 表示时间，注意以下用法： (1) 表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用 at。如： I get up at six in the morning. 我早上六点钟起床。 He got married at the age of 25. 他 25 岁结婚。 (2) 泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间，一般用 in。如： We watch TV in the evening. 我们晚上看电视。 He went to Japan in 1946. 他于 1946 去了日本。 (3) 若表示星期几或某一特定的日期，则用 on。如： He left here on the fifth of May. 他于 5 月 5 日离开这儿。
2. 表示地点、场所、位置等，注意以下用法： (1) 表示某一点位置，用 at。如： We live at No 87 Beijing Road. 我们住在北京路 87 号。 The hospital is at the end of the street. 医院在这条街的尽头。 与名词所有格连用表示地点，也用 at。如： at my sister’s 在我姐姐家 at the doctor’s 在医务室 (2) 表示空间或范围，用 in。如： What’s in the box? 这盒子里有什么? He lives in Paris with his wife. 他同他妻子住在巴黎。 但有时两者可换用。如： The meeting was held at [in] the hotel. 会议在宾馆举行。 (3) at 与 in 的另一个区别是：at 用于指较小的地方，而 in 用于指较大的地方。如： in Shanghai 在上海 at the station 在车站 但是，大与小是相对的，有时随着说话者的着眼点不同，大地方也可能用 at(比如把一个大地方看作一个点时)。如： Our plane refuelled at London. 我们的飞机在伦敦加油。 We stopped for an hour at Moscow on our way to Paris. 我们在去巴黎的途中在莫斯科停了 1 个小时。 (4) 介词 on 用于地点，主要指在某物的表面。如： What’s on the table? 桌上有什么? There’s a wallet lying on the ground. 地上有个钱包。 注：在少数搭配中，也用介词 on。如： He works on a farm. 他在农场工作。
3. 在某些搭配中，三者的区别与英国英语和美国英语有关： in the street (英) / on the street (美) 在街上 in the road (英) / on the road (美) 在路上 in the team (英) / on the team (美) 在这个队 at the weekend (英) / on the weekend (美) 在周末 at weekends (英) / on weekends (美) 在周末 4. 有时三者的差别与搭配习惯和用法有关： in bed / on the bed 在床上 in the tree (多指树外之物) / on the tree (多指树本身之物) 在树上
介词besides,but,except的用法区别： 1. 三者都可表示“除外”，但 besides 表示一种累加关系，意指“除了什么之外，还有……”； 而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有……”。如： Besides his wife，his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。 Nobody went to see him except [but] his wife. 除他妻子外，没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。 注：在否定句中，besides 也表示“除……之外不再有…… ”，与but, except 同义。如： No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外，没一个人通过考试。
2. 关于 but 与 except： (1) 两者都可表示“除……外不再有……”，但含义上略有差别： but侧重指意义的几乎完整性，而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分。比较： All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。 All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。 (2) 在现代英语中，but 的介词用法十分有限，一般说来，它只能用在下列词语之后： ① no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等 ② any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等 ③ every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等 ④ all, none 等 ⑤ who, what, where 等 Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。 I haven’t told anybody but you. 除你之外，我没告诉任何人。 No one but he [him] showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。 一般说来，若没有出现上述词汇，就不宜使用介词 but，否则可能造成错句。但是 except 却没有以上限制。比较： 正：The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外，这扇窗户从不打开。 误：The window is never opened but in summer. (3) but 一定不能用于句首，except 通常不用于句首： 除我之外每个人都累了。 正：Everyone is tired but (except) me. 正：Everyone but (except) me is tired. 误：But (Except) me, everyone is tired. 注：except for 可用于句首，表示 except 的意思： 正：Except for me, everyone is tired.
3. 关于 except 与 except for： except 主要用来谈论同类的东西，而 except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西，有时含有惋惜之意。如： All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外，其他的作文都写得很好。 His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误。 注：若用于句首，则 except for 与 except 同义(但 except 通常不用于句首)。
4. 关于 except for 与 but for： except for 主要表示排除，but for 主要表示一种虚拟条件(与虚拟语气连用)。如： Except for me, everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外，大家都通过了考试。 But for my help, she would not have passed the exam. 若不是我的帮助，她就不会通过考试。 But for the atmosphere plants would die. 如果没有大气，植物就会死亡。 5. besides 除用作介词外，还用作副词，其意为“此外”、“而且”，可用于分句句首(通常用逗号隔开)或句尾。如： I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired. 我不想去，而且我也太累了。 This car belongs to Smith, and he has two others besides. 这部车是史密斯的，此外他还有两部。
强调句: 所谓强调就是通过语音、语调、词汇、语法、修辞、标点符号、字体变化等手段来突出重要的内容，使自己的思想更好地被听者或读者理解。 初中常考的强调方式： 1. 用助动词do (does/did)+动词原形 例如：He does know the place. 2. 用It be+被强调部分+that (who)…表示强调 例如：It was in the office that he was killed.
常见到的强调形式，共有以下七类： 1.用do\does\did + V可表强调 Some people do believe that nuclear power poses a threat to the world peace. 2.adv或adj可表强调：Never \ only\ Very This is the very question that deserves careful analysis. 3.双重否定可表强调 Taking part-time jobs is never without drawbacks. 4.what引导的主从可表强调 What really matters is cooperation. 5.倒装可表强调(凡是倒装都可以表示强调) Littlie do people take into account the seriousness of this problem. 6.比较状语从句可表强调 Nothing is more imperative than to learn from the past. 7.强调句型可表强调 It is \was +被强调部份+ that \ who +原句剩余部份 It is stability that destroys people’s ambition and barricades people’s steps.
常用句型: 1. 陈述句的强调句型 It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分。 例子 It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 2. 一般疑问句的强调句型 同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。 例子 Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? 3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型 被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分？ 例子 When and where was it that you were born? 4.not … until … 句型的强调句 A. 句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分 普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. B. 注意： 此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用； 因为句型中It is/ was not ... 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。 5.谓语动词的强调 A. It is/ was ... that ... 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did Do sit down. 务必请坐。 Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！ B. 注意： 此种强调只用do/ does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。
强调形式: 常见到的强调形式，共有以下七类： 1.用do\does\did + V可表强调 Some people do believe that nuclear power poses a threat to the world peace. 2.adv或adj可表强调：Never \ only\ Very This is the very question that deserves careful analysis. 3.双重否定可表强调 Taking part-time jobs is never without drawbacks. 4.what引导的主从可表强调 What really matters is cooperation. 5.倒装可表强调(凡是倒装都可以表示强调) Littlie do people take into account the seriousness of this problem. 6.比较状语从句可表强调 Nothing is more imperative than to learn from the past. 7.强调句型可表强调 It is \was +被强调部份+ that \ who +原句剩余部份 It is stability that destroys people’s ambition and barricades people’s steps.
语法结构: 强调句的十种结构： 1．用助动词“do（does／did）＋动词原形”来表示强调： Do write to me when you get there．你到那儿后务必给我来信。 2．用形容词very，only，single，such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气： How dare you buy such expensive jewels？你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢？ 3．用ever，never，very，just等副词和badly，highly，really等带有－l y的副词来进行强调： I really don’t know what to do next．我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。 4．用in the world，on earth，at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）： Where in the world could he be？他到底会在哪儿？ 5．用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感： How interesting a story it is！这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！ 6．用重复来表示强调： Why！why！The cage is empty！啊！啊！箱子是空的。 7．用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气： On the table were some flowers．桌上摆着一些花。（强调地点） 8．用强调句型：“It is（was）＋被强调的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿： It was on Monday night that all this happened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。 9．用If来表示强调： 1）If从句＋I don’t know who／what，etc．does／is／has，etc． 主语部分也可以用nobody does／is／has，etc．或everybody does／is／has，et c．来代替（这里的if从句往往是正话反说，反话正说）： If he can’t do it，I don’t know who can．要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。（强调只有他能做） If Jim is a coward，everybody is．要是吉姆是个胆小鬼，那么人人都是胆小鬼。（强调吉姆不是胆小鬼） 2）if从句＋it be主句（此用法可看成是第8中强调句型的变形，即把所要强调的内容放在it be的后面，把其它内容放在由if引导的从句中）： If anyone knew the truth，it was Tom．如果说谁了解事实的真相，那便是汤姆。 10．用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气： It’s because of hard work—ten years of hard work．那是因为艰苦的工作--十年艰苦的工作！ He began the work in late May．他在五月底开始的这项工作。（强调时间）
