用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. What are you ______ (do) now? 2. You must ______ (wash) your clothes by yourself. 3. How many ______ (present) did you receive -八年级英语
[db:作者] 2020-01-08 00:00:00 零零社区
题文
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. What are you ______ (do) now? 2. You must ______ (wash) your clothes by yourself. 3. How many ______ (present) did you receive last year? 4. There are many ______ (visit) are there in Beijing every year? 5. My mother asks me ______ (know) about more about traditional life
过去分词构成形式: 1.规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则: (1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。(然而要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式) work---worked---worked , visit---visited---visited (2)、以不发音的“ e ” 结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,try---tried---tried,fry---fried---fried.[1] (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped (5)、以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ed, picnic→picnicked ,traffic→trafficked 2 、不规则动词:见不规则动词表
分词用法: 1、分词作状语 分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。 分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。 当现在分词表示的动作发 生在谓语动词之前时, 则用现在分词的完成式,且所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生, 则用现在分词的一般式。 完成或被动关系用过去分词。 ①现在分词: The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. ②过去分词: Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
2、“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)+分词”结构 现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when, once, although, until, if等连词。 ①现在分词: When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work…… ②过去分词: Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well. Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
3、分词作定语 分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。 现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。 We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund. This is really an exhausting day to all of us! We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day. More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries
4、分词作宾语补足语 现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及 have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补语的成分。 例:I see him passing my house every day. I caught him stealing things in that shop. I smelt something burning.
5、分词作表语 分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。 过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,主语多为人。现在分词表示主语的性质,而且主语多为物; ①过去分词: We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning. She felt confused, and even frightened. ②现在分词: He was very amusing. That book was rather boring. 很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语: exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.
情态动词: 是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或与语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。 无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 “not”。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气, 时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。 情态动词有四类: ①只做情态动词:must, can(could),may(might)…… ②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need, dare ③具有情态动词特征:have(had, has) to, used to ④情态动词表猜测 注:mustn't代表强烈禁止 must表示主观,have to表示客观。 常用的有:can may could must have use .
情态动词特点: 情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。 He could be here soon.他很快就来。 We can't carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。 I'm sorry I can't help you.对不起,我帮不上你。
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是: 基本助动词本身没有词义,而情态助动词则有自己的词义,能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法,或表示主观设想: What have you been doing since? (构成完成进行体,本身无词义) I am afraid I must be going. (一定要) You may have read some account of the matter. (或许已经)
除此之外,情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征: 1) 除ought和used以外,其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话,那么,所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式: We used to grow beautiful roses.我们过去常常种这种漂亮的玫瑰花 I asked if he would come and repair my television set.我问他是否来修我的电视机 2) 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一: They need not have been punished so severely. 3) 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候,没有词形变化,即其词尾无-s形式: She dare not say what she thinks. 4) 情态动词没有非限定形式,即没有不定式和分词形式,也没有相应的动名词: Still,she needn't have run away. 5)情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合,情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间: Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something? She told him he ought not to have done it. 6) 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的,即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词,但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用: You should have washed the wound. Well,you shouldn't be reading a novel. 7)情态动词must一般疑问句否定回答用needn't Must I read books every day、 No,you needn't
常见情态动词用法: 1.can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。 2.Must 必须,应该,一定,准是,表示说话人认为有必要做某事,命令,要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。 must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。 must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。 must 和 have to 的区别:must 表示说话人的主观思想,have to 表示客观需要。 3.need 是一个情态动词,他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样,但 need 还可当作实义动词使用,这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。 needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。 4.dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。 5.ought 应当,应该。后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。 ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。 ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。 6.will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式, will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。 7.Shall、should 表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议,惊奇。 8.have to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此,而must 则表示主观思想。
情态动词功能: 助动词主要有两类:基本助动词和情态助动词。 基本助动词有三个:do,have和be; 情态助动词基本的有十四个:may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是,在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时,具有作用词的功能: 1) 构成否定式: He didn't go and neither did she. The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock. 2) 构成疑问式或附加疑问式: Must you leave right now? You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you? 3) 构成修辞倒装: Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister. Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 4) 代替限定动词词组: A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle? B: Tom can. A: Shall I write to him? B: Yes, do.
情态动词表推测的用法小结 (一)情态动词表推测的三种句式 1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定),may(可能),might /can, could(也许,或许)。 (1)He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。 (2)It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. 屋里很冷,他们肯定把暖气关了。 2. 否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not (可能不)。 (1)It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 这不可能是校长,他去美国了。 (2)He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。 3. 疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。 (1)Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗? (2)Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗? 注:以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。
(二)情态动词表推测的三种时态 1. 对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。 (1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5: 00 前她一定/可能/也许到。 (2)She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone. 她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。 2. 对现在或一般情况的推测,用“情态动词 + be”,“情态动词 +be doing”或 “情态动词 + 动词原形”。 (1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。 (2)He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time. 这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。 (3)Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ? 布什先生一向准时,这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢? 3.对过去情况的推测,用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。 (1)It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet. 地湿了,昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。 (2)The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home . 门锁着,他不可能/可能不在家。 (3)Can / Could he have gotten the book? 难道他找到书了吗? 注:情态动词 should /ought to表推测时,意为“想必会,理应……”但与“have +过去 分词”连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。 例如: (4)It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment. 现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达。(推测) (5)She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. (虚拟) 她本该出席你的生日晚会的,可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。 (6)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. (虚拟) 汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意。
不定式的用法: 1、不定式作主语 例如:To remember this is very important. 注意:为了避免头重脚轻,在许多情况下,通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后部,而在句首主语位置使用形式主语it。 例如:It is very important to remember this. 2、不定式作表语 例如:He seems to be ill. 注意:不定式作表语主要有三种情况,一是用于seem, appear, prove等系动词之后的不 定式(尤其是to be), 二是像My job is to sweep the floor. 这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形, 三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等,如: You are to come when I call. 3、不定式作宾语 例如:I can not afford to buy a car. 注意: ①不定式不仅用作动词的宾语,还可用作个别介词(but, except)的宾语。 例如:I had no choice but to wait. ②当作宾语的不定式后跟有宾语补足语时,通常要用形式宾语it代替不定式,并将真正的宾语不定式置于宾语补足语之后 例如:I find it difficult to learn Japanese well. 4、不定式作宾语补足语 例如:Who taught you to drive? 5、不定式作定语 例如:I have a question to ask you. 注意:有的名词(如way, chance, right等)后用作不定式可换成of doing sth. 如:It is the best way to do (of doing) it. 但是以下名词后接不定式作定语时通常不能换成of doing sth. attempt courage decision effort fortune failure invitation wish 6、不定式作状语 例如:I went to France to learn French.