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句型转换。1. We'1l soon go to Hawaii for our vacation.I hope it.(合为一句) We hope to____________ Hawaii for our vacation____.2. The book cost me five yuan.(-九年级英语

[db:作者]  2020-01-08 00:00:00  互联网

题文

句型转换。
1. We'1l soon go to Hawaii for our vacation.I hope it.  (合为一句)
      We hope to____  ________   Hawaii for our vacation____.
2. The book cost me five yuan.(改为同义句)
      I____ five yuan ____ the book.
3. You won't catch the bus unless you start right now.  (改为同义句)
     You won't catch the bus ____you____ _______ right now.
4.  I  want to go to France some day.(改为同义句)
     I want to go to France _______  ________.
5.  The shoes are very cheap.(改为同义句)
      The____ of  the  shoes ____ very____.
题型:句型转换  难度:中档

答案

    1. go to, soon
    2. spent, on
    3. if, don't start
    4.  one day
    5. price, is, inexpensive

据专家权威分析,试题“句型转换。1. We'1l soon go to Hawaii for our vacation.I ho..”主要考查你对  动词短语,名词,形容词,时间副词,状语从句  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:

动词短语名词形容词时间副词状语从句

考点名称:动词短语

  • 动词短语:
    由动词和动短语成,或以动词为中心,功能同动词的短语叫动词短语,动词短语是动词的一种固定搭配形式,动词短语的搭配可分为下列四种基本类型。

  • 动词短语搭配形式:
    1.动词+副词
    ①作及物动词,例: 
    He brought up his children strictly.   
    从以上的例句中可以看出,在“动词+副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况:
    宾语如是名词,则可置于副词后面,亦可置于动词和副词之间。
    而如果宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间。   
    ②作不及物动词,例:    
    Something unexpected has turned up. 出现了令人意外的情况。(turn up=appear)   
    ③既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,例:   
    The barrel of gunpowder blew up.(不及物)火药桶爆炸了。   
    The soldiers blew up the bridge.(及物)士兵们把桥炸毁了。

    2.动词+介词 
    动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是在介词后面,例:
    I don’t much care for television.我不很喜欢电视。(care for=like)

    3.动词+副词+介词
    在这类动词短语中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,是动副词组和动介词组的合成体,词义上相当于一个及物动词。
    它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点,但宾语总是位于介词之后,例: 
    We must work hard to make up for lost time.我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。(make up for=compensate)

    4.动词+名词
    这类动词短语中的常见动词是have,take,give,make等,
    后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词,并表达了短语动词的真正意义,例:    
    Let’s have another try.让我们再试一下。(have a try=v.try)  

    5.动词+名词+介词    
    这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度,宾语总是位于介词之后,
     例:Keep an eye on the baby while I am out.我不在家时请照看一下小孩子。   

    6.be+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词    
    这类动词短语也相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后面,形容词是短语动词的真正词义,
    例:I know he is slow at understanding,but you have to be patient with him. 我知道他理解力差,但你得对他耐心些。

  • 动词短语与短语动词:
    <?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />一、短语动词
    (1)短语动词常常是两个词(一个动词+一个副词性小品)构成,如:wake up , get up ,turn out 等。

    (2)同一个动词后面可以有不同的副词性小品词,构成不同意义的短语动词。如:He turn on the radio .Bob turned out smiling.

    (3)短语动词用法普遍,尤其在非正式语言中:

    我们可以说 He awoke late the following morning .但这太正式了。

    我们通常说 He woke up late the following morning .


    短语动词的类型

    Here is a page from Mr Jones` diary :

    Monday ,February 5th.

    *有些短语动词不带宾语:

    The car broke down .Cigarette prices are going up.

    *多数主短语动词可以带宾语,宾语通常在副词性小品词的前或后:

    动词+副词性小品词+宾语 动词+宾语+副词性小品词

    I rang up a garage. I rang a garage up.

    如果宾语较长,则通常放在副词之后:

    I filled in an application form.(不说 I filled an application form in .)

    如果宾语是代词,其结构通常如下:

    动词+代词+副词性小品词

    I put it down.(不说 I put down it .)

    *有些短语动词是由三个词构成的(动词+副词性小品词+介词),这样,宾语就只能放在介词后面:

    I don`t get on with the people at work.

    短语动词由动词加上介词或副词小品词构成。比如:
    1. 由动词break构成的常见短语动词有:
    break away (from) 突然逃离;断绝往来,脱离;改掉,破除
    break down (机器等)坏了;(计划等)失败;(谈话等)中断;(健康等)变坏;感情失去控制
    break in 突然进来,强行进入;插嘴,打岔;训练,使适应
    break into 强行进入;突然…起来;打断,插嘴;占用时间
    break off 停止讲话;暂停,休息;(使)折断
    break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生,爆发
    break through 突破;克服,征服;强行穿过;(太阳等)从云层里出来
    break up 解散,驱散;(学校等)放假;结束,破裂;击碎;绝交
    break with 与…绝交,与…决裂
    2. 又如由bring构成的常用短语动词有:
    bring about 引起,实现,导致
    bring (a)round 使改变观点或看法;使苏醒;顺便把某人带来串门
    bring back 送还;使想起,使恢复
    bring down 击落;打死,打伤;使倒下;降低
    bring forth 产生,引起,结果
    bring in 收获;获利;介绍,引进;聘请;逮捕
    bring off 从船上救出;设法做成
    bring on 带来,引起;促使生长;帮助提高
    bring out 取出,拿出;显示出,使出来;出版
    bring over 说服,使改变(思想等)
    bring through 使度过(困难,危机等)
    bring together 使和解
    bring up 提出,提起;抚养,培养;呕吐

    二、动词短语
    动词短语由动词加上宾语或状语构成。如:
    break a glass 打破一个玻璃杯
    break one’s leg 摔断腿
    break a window 打破窗户
    break the rules 违反规定
    break a bad habit 改掉坏习惯
    break the world record 打破世界记录
    bread easily 容易断
    break to pieces 破成碎片
    bring a book 带来一本书
    bring sb sth 给某人带来某物
    bring sb great satisfaction 给某人带来极大的快慰
    bring death and famine 导致死亡和饥荒

  • 初中英语动词短语整理:
    1. break
    break down破坏,出毛病,拆开
    break off暂停,中断
    break in破门而入, 打断
    break into破门而入,突然…起来
    break out爆发
    break away from打破陈规;奋力挣脱;放弃习惯
    break through 出现,突破
    break up打碎,拆散, 分裂、分解

    2. call
    call at a place (车船等)停靠;到某地拜访。
    call away 叫走,叫开…;转移(注意力等)。
    call back唤回; 回电话;
    call for需要,要求
    call for sth (sb) 喊着叫某人来,喊着叫人取来某物
    call in 叫进,请进; 找来,请来;来访;收回
    call off取消; 叫走,转移开
    call (up)on sb 拜访或看望某人
    call sb sth 为某人叫某物
    call (up)on sb to do sth
    叫(请)某人做某事
    call up给…打电话;  想起,回忆起; 召集,应召入伍   
    call out大喊,高叫; 叫出去

    3. come
    come down下跌,落,降,传下来   
    come in进来  
    come out出版,结果是
    come on来临/ 快点   
    come along一道来,赶快
    come over走过来   
    come up发芽,走近     
    come back回来   
    come from来自,源自

    4. cut
    cut down砍倒,削减  
    cut up连根拔除,切碎

    5. die
    die of死于(疾病,饥饿,寒冷,情感原因)
    die from死于(外界原因)    
    die out绝种

    6. fall
    fall behind落后 
    fall down掉下,跌倒
    fall into 落入;陷入
    fall off 从。。。掉下
    fall out与。。。争吵

    7. go
    go along沿着。。。。走
    go through通过,经受
    go over复习,检查                  
    go up(价格)上涨,建造起来               
    go against违反  
    go away离开
    go by时间过去                      
    go down降低,(日、月)西沉
    go on(with)继续进行                  
    go out外出,熄灭                  
    go off发出响声

    8. get
    get down下来,记下,使沮丧         
    get on进展,进步,穿上,上车           
    get off脱下,下车
    get away逃跑,逃脱,去休假
    get over克服,从疾病中恢复  
    get along with进展,相处
    get up起床                              
    get into (trouble) 陷入困境中              
    get back取回,收回                      
    get out 出去
    get to 到达。。。

    9. give
    give away赠送,泄露,出卖        
    give out发出,疲劳,分发,      
    give in (to sb.) 屈服
    give up放弃,让(座位)

    10. hand
    hand in交上,提交
    hand out分发    

    11.hold
    hold on to…继续,坚持
    hold up举起,使停顿
    hold on别挂电话,等,坚持     

    12. keep       
    keep up with跟上
    keep out 不使。。。进入              
    keep from克制,阻止
    keep away from避开,不接近,
    keep on继续,坚持下来
    keep down 使。。。处于低水平                 

    13.knock
    knock at/on敲
    knock into撞到某人身上                   

    14. look
    look up查找,向上看 
    look through翻阅,浏览     
    look after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找
    look out(for)当心                                  
    look about / around/round四下查看
    look forward to盼望                           

    15. make
    make up编造,打扮,组成           
    make into / of / from 制成           

    16.pass     
    pass by经过              
    pass down(on)…to传给

    17. pay
    pay back还钱,报复 
    pay for付钱,因…得到报应  

    18. pick
    pick up拾起,接人,站起,收听,
    pick out挑选,辨认,看出  

    19. put
    put up张贴,举起,   
    put out伸出,扑灭            
    put off推迟               
    put into放进,翻译
    put away放好,存钱           
    put down记下,平息
    put on穿戴,上映,              
    put aside放到一边         
    put back放回

    20. stand
    stand out 突显,引人注目
    stand up 起立,站起来
    38.其它常用词组
    wake up 醒,唤醒,弄醒
    stay up 不睡觉;熬夜
    depend on依靠;取决于
    worry about为。。。担忧
    laugh at嘲笑。。。
    begin with以。。。开始
    mix up混合、搀和
    major in 主修
    grow up成长
    open up 打开,张开;开发
    end up到达或来到某处; 达到某状态
    throw away 丢弃。。。
    ask for要求。。。
    wait for等待。。。
    agree with同意。。。
    find out(经研究或询问)获知某事
    send out 发出,放出,射出
    search for 搜索,搜查
    chop down 砍到
    have.. on 穿着。。。
    step out of 跨步走出
    drop out of 从。。。掉出
    happen to 发生在。。。
    belong to属于
    arrive in /at到达。。。
    try on试穿。。。
    vote on对。。。进行投票
    strech out伸展。。。
    hang out闲逛
    leave for离开前往
    sell out 卖完、售完
    show up 出席;露面

    21. run
    run after追逐,追捕   
    run away逃跑  
    run off跑掉,迅速离开       
    run out of用完

    22. set
    set up建立       
    set off 激起,引起      

    23. take
    take after 与…相像
    take off脱掉,起飞  
    take away拿走  
    take up从事,占用(时间空间)   
    take down记录,取下       
    take back收回
    take pride in以… ……为自豪,
    take the place of 代替

    24. think
    think of想起,考虑,对…看法   
    think out(自然)想出办法  
    think up想出(设计出、发明、编造)
    think about考虑      
    think over仔细考虑      

    25. turn
    turn off / on打开                  
    turn to翻到,转向,求助
    turn down调低,拒绝               
    turn back返回,转回去
    turn round转过身来                 
    turn up向上翻,出现,音量调大                     

    26. care
    care about 担心,关心;在乎,介意
    care for 关心,关怀,照顾

    27. clean
    clean up 把…打扫干净,把…收拾整齐
    clean out 清除;把…打扫干净

    28.learn
    learn about 获悉,得知,认识到
    learn from  从/向。。。学习

    29. fight
    fight for..争取获得…
    fight against 争取克服、战胜…
    fight with…与。。。搏斗/战斗

    30. dream
    dream of梦想,想橡
    dream about 梦到。。。

    31. work
    work for 为。。工作
    work out 产生结果;发展;成功

    32. argue
    argue with …与。。。争论
    argue about..争论。。。

    33. complain
    complain to 向。。抱怨
    complain about抱怨。。。

    34. hear
    hear of 听说,得知
    hear about听到。。。的事,听到。。的话
    hear from接到。。。的信

    35. talk
    talk about 讨论。。。
    talk with/to..和。。。讨论

    36. live
    live in 住在。。。
    live on 以。。。为主食

  •  

考点名称:名词

  • 名词:
    是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。
    名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。

  • 名词分类:
    一、按意义分类
    1.专有名词
    表示具体的人,事物,地点,团体或机构的专有名称(第一个字母要大写)。
    例:China(中国)、Asia(亚洲) Beijing(北京)、the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)。
    专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。
    如:the Great Wall(长城)。
    姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)。
    如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。
    2.普通名词
    表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。
    例如:teacher 老师、tea 茶、 reform 改革。 
    普通名词又可进一步分为五类:
    ①个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示单个的人和事物。
     (car 汽车 room 房间 fan 风扇photo 照片)
    ②集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示一群人或一些事物的名称。
      ( people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队 government政府 group 集团 )
    ③复合名词:两个或两个以上名词连在一起构成的名词
     (boy-friend男友 passer-by过路人 brother-in-law内兄)
    ④物质名词(Material Nouns):表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。
      ( fire 火 steel 钢 air 空气 water 水 milk牛奶 )
    ⑤抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。
      ( labour 劳动 health 健康 life 生活 friendship友情 patience耐力 )

    二、按是否可数分类
    名词又可分为可数名词(Countable Nouns)和不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)
    1、不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西;
    它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an。抽象名词,物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词
    2、可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;因此它有复数形式。

  • 名词易混点举例:
    一.有些名词既是可数名词,又是不可数名词,但意义有所不同。如:
    work(工作) ——a work (著作);                     
     glass(玻璃)——a glass (玻璃杯);            
     aper(纸) ——a paper(报纸;文件;试卷)
    tea(茶) ——a tea (一种茶)(表示种类);     
    wood(木头) ——a wood (小树林);        
    room(空间) ——a room (房间)

    二.容易混淆的名词
    1.work/job
    work是不可数名词,有体力或脑力劳动的意思,又有作为职业概念的工作的意思。
    job作为工作,其实有两层含义:一个是干活零工”;一个作为职业的”,是可数名词。 
    job意思是a piece of work,指已做或要做、应做的具体的某种工作,实际含义是“职业”,
    而work通常指抽象意义上的工作,是不可数名词,也可指“工作场所”。如:
    I’m busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.

    2. wish / hope
     wish之后可以跟含有动词不定式的复合宾语(wish sb. to do sth.),hope不可以这样用。例如:
    I wish you to be happy.我希望你快乐。
     hopewish都可以跟从句。hope之后的从句的谓语动词用一般将来时或一般现在时,所表达的愿望可以实现;
    wish
    之后的从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气(以后学),表达的愿望无法实现。例如:
    I hope you like the flowers.我希望你喜欢这些花。
    I wish I were a bird.我希望我是一只小鸟。(虚拟语气)
    hopewish都可以跟动词不定式(hope/wish to do sth.)wish比较正式,口气比较强烈;
    而用hope所表达的愿望容易实现。例如:
    I hope (wish) to go to college.我希望上大学。
    wish可接双宾语表示祝愿、祝福,hope却没有这种用法。例如:
    I wish you success.我祝愿你成功。

    3.silly/stupid/foolish
    三个词都含有的意思,但略有不同。
    stupid所表达的程度最强,指智力、理解力和学习能力差;
    silly
    指头脑简单、傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有一定的感情色彩;
    foolish
    是普通用语,尤其是在口语中广泛使用。如:
    He is stupid in learning math.
    他学数学很笨。
    Stop asking such silly questions.
    别再问这样傻的问题了。
    You are foolish to throw away such a good chance.
    你真蠢,丢掉这么好的一个机会。<?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

    4.instead/instead of

    instead/instead of

    instead是副词,一般放在句首或句末。
    instead of 是介词短语,表示代替, 含有对比的意思,其后常跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。如:

    Jack didn’t study law. Instead, he decided to become an actor.

    杰克没有学法律,而是决定作一名演员。

    If you can’t go to the meeting, I can go instead.

    如果你不去开会, 我可以(代替你)去。

    Could I have tuna instead of ham?

    我能否要金枪鱼而不是火腿?

    Miss Wang is ill. I’ll teach you instead of her.

    王老师病了,我代替她给你们上课。

    We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.

    我们走着下楼梯而没有乘电梯。


    5.frightened/afraid/terrible

    frightened/afraid/terrible

    frightened是由过去分词转化的形容词,常指突如其来的震惊,可用very修饰,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。

    afraid只能做表语,多用于习惯经常地惧怕某事物, 泛指一种恐惧心理”;
    后接名词、代词、动名词等时,用介词of;接动词时,用带to的不定式;接从句用连词that (可省略)

    terrible指极端的恐怖,令人痛苦或不知所措。


    6.learn/study

    learn/study

    二者都作学、学习,有时可以互换。如:

    When did you begin to study/learn English?

    你是什么时候开始学习英语的?

    study侧重学习的过程;learn侧重学习的结果,常译作学到、学会 :

    He studied hard and at last learned the language.

    他努力学习,终于学会了这门语言。

    study用于较高深或周密的研究;
    learn多用于初级阶段的学习或带有模仿性的操作技艺等。如:

    He is studying the math problem.

    他正在研究这个数学问题。

    He learns English on the radio.

    他通过广播学英语。

    The baby is learning to speak.

    这个婴儿正在学说话。


    7.there be/have/own

    there be/have/own

    there be表示某处(或某时)""(某人或某物),表示客观存在之

    have是常用词,表示所属关系,所有

    own指合法地拥有某物,强调具有法律上的所有权。


    8.answer/reply

    answer/reply

    这两个词都可作回答,但用法有所区别。
    reply为正式用语,多指经过考虑的、有针对性的、详细的回答,常用作不及物动词,和介词to连用,其宾语为名词或代词,这时可以与answer互换;
    answer
    既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,常指口头或书面的回答,是一般用语。如:

    The old man smiled before he replied to my question.

    老人在回答我的问题前笑了笑。

    I cannot answer you now. 我现在不能回答你。

    How shall I answer? 我该怎样回答?

    值得注意的是,answer可引申为应答之类的意义,这时不能用reply来代替。如:

    answer the door  (门铃响了)去开门

    answer the telephone  接电话

  • 名词的语法功能: 
    名词在句中作主语,宾语,介词宾语,宾语补足语,表语以及名词短语作状语。
    1.主语:The bagis in the desk.书包在桌子里边。
    2.宾语:I washed my clothes yesterday. 昨天我洗了我的衣服。
    3.表语:This is a good book. 这是一本好书。
    4.宾语补足语We selected him our monitor.我们选他为我们的班长。
    5.介词宾语Mary lives with her parents.玛丽和她的父母住在一起。
    6.定语:She is a Partymember. 她是一位党员。

    名词口诀:
    一、人和事物各有名,万千名目可辨清。表示名称即名词,具体抽象有不同。
      时间空间和地点,方向位置有专称。主宾定表都可作,名词具有多功能。
    二、可数名词不可分,若要分离变性质。不可数名词可分离,一分再分仍原物。

  • 英语名词特殊用法:
    1.family指“家庭”时,强调全体;指“家里人”时强调个体,与住房无关
    home指“家”,表示同一家庭共同生活的地方,具有感情色彩
    Kate has left home for school.可作副词也可作名词,意思是“在家”
    house指“住宅”、“住房”The Greens live in a big house.

    2.man总称“人”、“人类”,用单数
    people泛指“人们”,表示复数概念:People often work in the day.
    指“人”的个体,但只表示复数概念:There are five people in my family.
    前面加定冠词指“人民”,表示复数概念:Let’s work for the people.
    指“民族”时,有单、复数之分:The Chinese people is a hardworking people.
    person强调“人”的个体,有单、复数之分:There are five persons in my family.

    3.police总称“警察”,表示复数概念:
    policeman强调“警察”的个体,有单、复数之分:My father is a policeman.

    4.universe指“宇宙万物”,强调物质概念:
    When we talk about the universe,we mean the earth, the sun,the moon and many other stars.
    space指“太空”、“宇宙空间”,强调空间概念:
    Many countries have sent up the satellites into space.
    “空间”、“余地”、“空地”:There is no space on the bus.

    5.不同国家的人的单复数:

    名称

    总称(谓语用复数)

    一个人

    两个人

    中国人

    the Chinese 

    a Chinese

    two Chinese

    瑞士人

    the Swiss

    a Swiss 

    two Swiss

    澳大利亚人

    the Australians

     an Australian 

    two Australians

    俄国人

    the Russians 

    a Russian 

    two Russians

    意大利人 

    the Italians 

    an Italian 

    two Italians

    希腊人

    the Greek 

     a Greek

     two Greeks

    法国人

    the French 

    a Frenchman 

    two Frenchmen

    印度人

     the Indians 

    an Indian 

    two Indians

    加拿大人

    the Canadians 

     a Canadian 

    two Canadians

    德国人

     the Germans

     a German 

    two Germans

    英国人

     the English 

    an Englishman 

    two Englishmen

    瑞典人

     the Swedish 

    a Swede 

    two Swedes

    日本人

     the Japanese 

    a Japanese 

    two Japanese

    美国人

    the Americans

     a American 

    two Americans

考点名称:形容词

  • 形容词
    简称adj.或a,形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏与否,形容词在句中作定语,表语,宾语补足语。
    她是一个好学生,她学习努力。She is a good student, and she works hard.
    这辆自行车很贵。This bike is expensive.
    对不起,我现在很忙。I am sorry, I'm busy now.
    你为这次会议做好准备了吗? Have you got everything ready for the meeting?

  • 形容词的语法功能:
    一、作定语
    He is the greatest writer alive.他是依然健在的伟大的作家。
    Somewone else has done it.别人已经做了这事。
    二、作补语
    形容词做主语补足语和宾语补足语时,可以表示其现状、状态,也可以表示某一动作的结果,并常用在表示“认为,看待”的动词如believe,prove,consider等候。例如:
    The news made her sad.这消息使他感到非常悲伤。
    Don't marry young.不要早婚。
    三、作状语
    形容词或形容词短语可作状语,形容词作状语时,可以看作是“being+形容词”结构的省略,可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、强调或伴随状况等意义。例如:
    Enthusiastic,they are co-operative.热心的时候他们是很合作的。
    Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems.不管是穷人还是富人,不管是年轻人还是老人,我们都有问题。
    四、做表语
    The ship was adrift on unknown seas.那艘船在陌生的海域漂流。
    五、做主语
    Old and young joined the discussion.
    Rich or poor meant the same to him.作感叹语
    Very good!Say it again.
    Stupid!He must be crasy.

  • 形容词的几个特殊用法:
    most 同形容词连用而不用 the, 表示 " 极,很,非常, 十分"。
    It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。
    I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了这件事,太难了。

    "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..." 表示 " 越... 就越..."。
    The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。
    The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。
    The more, the better. 越多越好。

    " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。
    It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了.
    It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。
    The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。
    The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。

    主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。
    This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。
    This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。
     I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。

    the + 形容词 表示某种人。
    He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。
    I like to have a talk with the young. 我喜欢同年轻人谈话。
    The rich sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。
    The police led the old man across the street. 警察领老人横过马路。

    以-ly结尾的形容词
    1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,brotherly,仍为形容词。
    改错:(错) She sang lovely.             (错) He spoke to me very friendly.
       (对) Her singing was lovely.  (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
    2)有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词,也为副词。
    daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early
    The Times is a daily paper.
    The Times is published daily.

    too+adj.+to句型   “太…而不能”
      He is too young to go to school.
     =He isn’t old enough to go to school.
     =He is so young that he can’t go to school.

  • 形容词的位置:
    1.形容词一般放在名词前作定语?  
    单个形容词修饰名词时,一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。例如:?  
    a red flower一朵红花?
    an interesting story一个有趣的故事?  
    six blind men 六个盲人?
    my own house我自己的房子?
    如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定,越密切的形容词越靠近名词。
    如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面,音节多的形容词放在后面。  
    2.当形容词所修饰的词是由some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时,形容词必须置于名词之后。例如:?  
        She has something new to tell me.?她有一些新的情况告诉我。?  
        I have nothing important to do today.?今天我没有重要的工作要做。?  
        Do you know anybody else here??这儿你还有认识的人吗??  
    3.形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时,形容词必须置于名词之后。例如:?  
        It is a problem difficult to work out.?这是一道难以解决的问题。?  
        Edison is a student difficult to teach.?爱迪生是个很难教的学生。?  
        This is a kind of flowers easy to grow.?这是一种易栽的花。?  
    4.用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。例如:?  
        All people,young or old,should be strict with themselves.?  
        所有的人,无论老少,都应该严格要求自己。?  
        We are building a new school, modern and super.?  
        我们正在建一所现代化的高档次的新型学校。?  
        All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的国家,无论穷富都应该互相帮助。?  
    5.有少数形容词,如enough和possible,既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如:?   
    Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare?你有足够的时间做准备吗??   
    Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或许它将成为一次可能的机遇。
    6.有些形容词,置于名词之前与之后,含义不尽相同。例如:?  
    the writer present 出席的作者?  
    the present writer 现在的作者?
    7.表示长,宽,高,深,及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。
    This river is about 100 metres wide.
    The building is more than 50 metres tall.
     He is less than 40 years old.
    8. enough修饰名词时,在名词前后都可以。
    They said that they had enough food.= They said that they had food enough.
     enough 修饰形容词和副词,位于其后。
     He is old enough to join the army.
     He isn’t old enough to go to school.
    9.形容词else通常放在疑问代词,疑问副词或不定代词后
     what/who/where/when/when else
     something/anything/nothing…else
     What else did you do?
     Do you have anything else to say?
    10.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。
    This is the book easy to read.
    这是一本容易读的书。

  • 形容词知识拓展:
    名词化的形容词:
    有些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或事物,这时,它相当于一个名词,可作主语或宾语;
    表示一类人时,看作复数,表示一类事物时,通常看作单数。
    Robin Hooh(罗宾汉) hated the rich and loved the poor.
    The old are taken good  care of in American.
    the+形容词,常见的短语有:
    the old/the young/the sick/the white/
    the black/the rich/the poor/the dead(死者)

    形似副词的形容词:
    以-ly结尾的词通常是副词,但是下列词为形容词。
    friendly  lonely (孤独的) ;lively (活着的);lovely(可爱的)

    复合形容词的类型:
    (1)名词+过去分词  man-made satellite 人造卫星
    (2)形容词+现在分词  a good-looking man
    (3)形容词+名词  second-hand cars
    (4)数词+名词-ed   three-legged chairs三条腿的椅子
    (5)数词+名词  400- metre race
    (6)副词+现在分词  hard-working students
    (7)副词+过去分词  well-known writers
    (8)形容词+形容词  a dark-red jacket
    (9)形容词+过去分词  ready-made clothes 成品服装

    含有形容词的常用句型:
    (1) It’s+adj. of sb. to do sth.
    (good/ kind/nice/polite/clever/foolish… )
    It’s very kind of you to help me.
    (2) It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.
    (difficult/easy/hard/dangerous/usefulinteresting/important…)
    It’s important for us to learn English well.
    (3)下列形容词后常跟动词不定式
     表示情感或情绪的形容词:glad,pleased,sorry,sad,afraid,thankful…
     I'm glad to see you.
    表示能力,意志或推测的形容词:ready,able,sure,certain…
     I’m sorry to hear that.

    某些现在分词和过去分词可作形容词
    the moving story 令人感动的故事
    a moved boy   一个被感动的男孩
    a frightened child 一个被吓到的孩子
    a frightening film 一个恐怖电影

考点名称:时间副词

  • 常见的时间副词
    now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early, today, tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just 等。
    例如:He went to Paris recently.
                He has just left for school.

  • 常见时间副词用法:
    A 、afterwards,eventually,lately,now,recently,soon,then,today,tomorrow等和表示时间的副词短语:at once,since then,till 。
    上述副词和词组通常位于句首或句末,在祈使句中及与till短语连用时常放在句末:
    Eventually he came./He came eventually.
    他终于来了。
    Then we went home./We went home then.
    然后我们回家。
    Write today.
    今天就写。
    I’ll wait till tomorrow.
    我等到明天。
    动词为复合时态时afterwards,eventually,lately,now,recent-ly,soon可位于助动词之后:
    We’ll soon be there.
    我们马上会到那里。

    B、 before,early,immediately和late位于句末:
    He came late.
    他来晚了。
    I’ll go immediately.
    我马上就走。
    但before和immediately用做连词引导一个从句时,应位于从句的句首:
    Immediately the rain stops we’ll set out.
    雨一停我们就走。

    C、 since和ever since与完成时连用:
    since位于助动词之后或否定句及疑问句的句末,ever since(副词)位于句末。
    带有since和ever since的短语和从句常位于句末,有时放在句首也是可以的:
    He’s been in bed since his accident/since he broke his leg.
    自从他出了车祸/摔伤了腿,他一直躺在床上。

    D、 yet和still(时间副词):
    yet常常位于动词或动词+宾语之后:
    He hasn’t finished(his breakfast)yet.
    他还没吃完(他的早饭)。
    如果宾语由许多词组成,yet也可位于动词之前:
    He hasn’t yet applied for the job we told him about.
    他还没去申请我们跟他说的那个工作。
    still位于be动词之后或其他动词之前:
    She is still in bed.
    她还在睡觉。
    yet的含义是“到说话的时候为止”。它主要用于否定句或疑问句。
    still强调动作在继续延续,主要用于肯定句或疑问句,但可用于否定句以强调否定意义的动作仍在延续:
    He still doesn’t understand.
    他仍然不懂。(“不懂”这一否定意义的动作在延续。)
    He doesn’t understand yet.
    他还没有弄懂。(“懂得”这一肯定意义的动作还没开始。)
    still和yet重读时表示惊讶、讨厌或不耐烦。它们都可以当做连词使用。

    E 、just作为时间副词跟复合时态连用:
    I’m just coming.
    我正要来。

  • 时间副词用法特点:
    1.时间副词表示时间或期间,如:
    today(今天),tomorrow(明天),yesterday(昨天),now(现在),soon(不久),then(那时),recently(近来),lately(近来),afterwards(后来)等
    2.时间副词用在句尾。
    I went to the bar yesterday.
    我昨天去酒吧了。
    3.时间副词用在句首以加强语气。
    Tomorrow I shall attend a meeting.
    明天我将参加会议。
    4.句中若出现多个时间副词,短时间在前,长时间在后。
    It took place at 4 o'clock on the 4th of May, 1896.
    它发生于一八九六年五月四日四点钟。
    5.表示时间的副词或副词短语前不加介词或定冠词。
    中文:他下星期一回来。
    (误)He will be back on next Monday.
    (误)He will be back the next Monday.
    (正)He will be back next Monday.
    6.still (还,仍然),yet(还,仍然)等是特殊的时间副词,一般用于强调某种时态。

考点名称:状语从句

  • 状语从句:
    指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
    根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。
    状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。
    从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

  • 状语从句分类:
    1、时间状语从句
    常用引导词:
    when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until
    特殊引导词:
    the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
    I didn't realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
    While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
    The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.
    No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
    Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

    2、地点状语从句
    常用引导词:
    where
    特殊引导词:
    wherever, anywhere, everywhere
    Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
    Wherever you go, you should work hard.

    3、原因状语从句
    常用引导词:
    because, since, as, for
    特殊引导词:
    seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, as much as, so much as
    My friends dislike me because I'm handsome and successful.
    Now that everybody has come, let's begin our conference.
    The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
    Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.

    4、目的状语从句
    常用引导词:
    so that, in order that
    特殊引导词:
    lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
    The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
    The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.

    5、结果状语从句
    常用引导词:
    so that, so… that, such … that,
    特殊引导词:
    such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
    He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
    It's such a good chance that we must not miss it.
    To such an degree was he excited that he couldn't sleep last night.

    6、条件状语从句
    常用引导词:
    if, unless,
    特殊引导词:
    as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that
    We'll start our project if the president agrees.
    You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
    Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.

    7、让步状语从句
    常用引导词:
    though, although, even if, even though
    特殊引导词:
    as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
    Much as I respect him, I can't agree to his proposal.
    尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议。
    The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
    No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
    He won't listen whatever you may say.

    8、比较状语从句
    常用引导词:
    as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
    特殊引导词:
    the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
    She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
    The house is three times as big as ours.
    The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
    Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。

    9、方式状语从句
    常用引导词:
    as, as if, how
    特殊引导词:
    the way
    When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
    She behaved as if she were the boss.
    Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.

  • 状语从句用法:
    时间状语从句
    (1) when引导的时间状语从句
    ①.when引导的时间状语从句,其动词既可以是延续性动作的动词,也可以是瞬间性动作的动词,而且可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生,或者从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。如:
    when you apply for a job, you must present your credentials.
    当你申请工作时,你必须递交你的有关证件。(同时)
    when the students heard the teacher’s footsteps, they all atopped talking.
    当学生们听到老师的脚步声时,他们都停止了讲话。(从句动作发生在前)
    ② when还可表示just then(正在那时,突然)的意思,此时其所引导的从句只放在主句之后。如:
    we were about to start when it began to rain.
    我们正要动身,突然天下起雨来。
    The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining.
    比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。
    (2) as引导的时间状语从句
    as引导的时间状语从句其动词的动作是延续性的,而且侧重表示主句和从句的动作并相发生:
    We were having breakfast as she was combing her hair.
    她梳头时我们在吃早饭。
    It will warm up a little bit on Sunday as the cold front passes.
    寒流一过,星期日就会有点暖意了。
    (3) while引导的时间状语从句
    while表示“在某一段时间里”或“在……期间”,其所引导的从句的动作是延续性的,并侧重表示和主句的动作同时发生。如:
    When the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listened attentively and took notes.
    当老师用英语解释课文时,学生们聚精会神地听并做着笔记。
    I can learn while I work.
    我可以边工作边学习。
    (4) before引导的时间状语从句
    ① before“在……之前”
    I have finished my dissertation before my supervisor went abroad.
    在我的导师出国之前,我已完成了我的学位论文。
    I’ll be back before you have left.
    你离开之前我就会回来。
    ② before“……之后才”
    It may be many years before we meet again.
    可能要过许多年我们才能再见了。
    It was three days before I came back.
    他三天后才回来。
    (5) as soon as/once/directly/the instant等引导的时间状语从句
    as soon as 是最常见的表示“一……就”的从属连词,其他连词还有once,directly,immediately,instantly,the instant (that),the minute(that) ,the moment(that)等,它们通常都可与as soon as换用。如:
    As soon as we got home, the telephone rang.
    我们一到家,电话就响了。
    I recognized her immediately I saw her.
    我一看见她就认出她来了。
    Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet.
    老师一进来,大家就静了下来。
    (6) hardly...when/no sooner...than引导的时间状语从句
    关联从属连词hardly/barely/scarcely...when和no sooner...than的意思是“刚……就”,它们所引导的从句中的谓语动词通常为过去完成时。如:
    He had no sooner (no sooner had he)arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
    他刚一到家,就又要他出另一次差。
    No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.
    这些话刚一出口,他就意识到自己应该保持沉默。
    (7) since引导的时间状语从句
    在含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,从句的谓语动词通常为一般过去时,主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时、过去完成时和一般现在时:
    We’ve never met since we graduated from the college.
    大学毕业后我们就再没见过面。
    Great changes have taken place since you left.
    你走了以后,这里发生了巨大变化。
    (8) till/until引导的时间状语从句 till和until同义,作“直到……时(为止)”解,till多用于非正式文体,until多用于句首。如:
    Donald will remain in college until(till) he finishes his Ph.D course.
    唐纳德将留在学校直到完成他的博士学位课程。
    I won’t go with you until(till) I finished my homework.
    等我做完作业我才和你一起去。
    (9) whenever/each time/every time引导的时间状语从句
    whenever在引导时间状语从句时作“每当;每次”解,each time和every time与whenever同义,通常可以与它换用。如:
    The roof leaks whenever it rains.
    每逢下雨屋顶就漏雨。
    Whenever certain chemicals are mixed together,heat is produced.
    某些化学物质被混到一起时,就会产生热。
    Whenever/ Every time/ Each time I met her, she was studying.
    我每次看见她时,她总是在学习。

    状语从句 - 地点状语从句
    (1) when引导的时间状语从句
    从属连词where“在(或到)……的地方”
    Where there is a will, there is a way.
    有志者事竟成。
    Put it where you found it.
    把它放在原来的地方。
    ① where 在地点状语从句中,除指地点外,还可指处境等。如:
    He said he was happy where he was.
    他说他对自己的处境很满意。
    It’s your fault that she is where she is.
    她今天落到这个地步都怪你。
    ② 有时地点状语从句中的某些词可以省略。如:
    Fill in the blanks with the given phrases. Change the form where necessary.
    用所给的短语填空,必要的地方可以改变其形式。
    Avoid structure of this kind where possible.
    只要可能,就要避免这种结构。
    (2) wherever引导的地点状语从句
    从属连词wherever“在(或到)……的各个地方”:
    You can go wherever(anywhere) you like these days.
    这些天你可以去你想去的地方。
    Where (Everywhere) they went, the experts were warmly welcomed.
    专家每到一处, 都受到热烈的欢迎。
    Sit down wherever you like.
    你喜欢坐哪儿就坐哪儿。

    状语从句 - 原因状语从句
     (1) because引导的原因状语从句
    because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由,着重点在从句,其所引导的从句,为全句句意的中心所在。
    通常用于回答why引出的疑问句,语气最强,除特别强调外,该从句一般位于主句后面。
    I didn’t go abrord with her because I couldn’t afford it.
    我没有和她一起出国是因为费用太高。
    Don’t scamp your work because you are pressed for time.
    不要因为时间仓促而马马虎虎。
    (2) as引导的原因状语从句
    as引导的原因状语从句所传递的通常是已知信息,从句多位于主句之前,通常可以和since换用。如:
    As I didn’t know the way,I asked a policeman.
    我不认识路,因而问警察。
    As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain.
    由于在下雪,我们不去爬山了。
    (3) since引导的原因状语从句
    since引导的原因状语从句所传递的通常是已知信息,从句多位于主句之前,通常可以和as换用。如:
    Since traveling by air is much faster,they decided to take a plane.
    既然乘飞机旅行快得多,他们就决定坐飞机。
    Since you won’t help me ,I’ll ask someone else.
    你既然不帮我,那我就请别人帮忙。
    (4) now(that)引导的原因状语从句
    now(that)“因为;既然”,通常可以和since换用。其中that可省去,用来表示一种新的情况,再加以推论。如:
    Now(that) you?蒺ve passed your test you can drive on your own.
    你既已考试合格,就可以独自开车了。
    I do remember,now (that) you mention it.
    你这一提,我倒的确想起来了。
    (5) seeing (that)引导的原因状语从句
    Seeing (that)“鉴于;由于”,通常用于非正式文体。如:
    Seeing (that) the weather is bad,we’ll stay at home.
    天气不好,我们还是呆在家里吧。
    Seeing that he’ s ill,he’s unlikely to come.
    (6) in that引导的原因状语从句
    in that“因为;基于……的理由”,可以和because换用,多用于正式文体,它所引导的原因状语从句总是位于主句之后。如:
    Advertisement is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.
    广告不同于其他交际形式,因为登广告的人要为其所提供的信息付费。
    I’m in a slightly awkward position, in that he’s not arriving until 10th.
    我的处境有点难堪,因为他要十号才来。

    状语从句 - 目的状语从句
     (1) in order that引导的目的状语从句
    in order that“为了;以便”。多用于正式文体,通常可以与so that换用。如:
    You stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake.
    他们在杭州停了下来,以便游览西湖。
    The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand.
    专家讲得很慢,以便人人听得懂。
    (2) so (that)引导的目的状语从句
    so that“为了;以便”。so that通常可以与in order that换用,它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后,在非正式文体中,常省略that。如:
    Speak clearly so that they may understand you.
    你要讲得清楚,他们才听得懂。
    She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight.
    她要七点钟备好茶点,这样她八点以前就可以出门了。
    (3) in case/for fear (that)/lest等引导的目的状语从句
    in case,for fear(that)和lest这三个从属连词都表示否定目的,意思是“以免”,“以防”。
    in case多用于英国英语,它所引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是陈述语气形式,也可以是虚拟语气形式;
    for fear(that)引导的从句中的谓语带有may,might,should等情态动词;
    lest用于正式文体,它所引导的从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。如:
    Take your umbrella with you,lest it should rain.
    带上你的伞,以防下雨。
    Take your umbrella in case it rains.
    带上你的伞,以防下雨。
    He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain.
    他带了一把伞,以防下雨。
    状语从句 - 结果状语从句
    (1) so that引导的结果状语从句
    ① so that引导的结果状语从句只能位于主句之后,中间可以有逗号。如:
    Suddenly it began to rain heavily,so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving.
    突然下起了大雨,几乎无法继续开车。
    Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I know she was safe and sound.
    琳达到达后给我打了电话,因而我知道她平安无事。
    ②“so that”既可引导结果状语从句也可引导目的状语从句。
    究竟是引导的结果状语从句还是目的状语从句,除了根据句意来判断外,还可根据结构形式来加以判断。
    若从句前有逗号,一般为结果状语从句,如果从句中有情态动词,通常则为目的状语从句。如:
    They started out early, so that they didn’t miss the train.
    他们早早就出发了,所以没误火车。(结果状语从句)
    They started out early so that they would not miss the train.
    他们早早出发是为了不误火车。(目的状语从句)
    (2) so...that引导的结果状语从句
    so...that“如此……以致”,that在非正式文体中可以省略,so后面接形容词或副词。如:
    She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying.
    她说话如此之快竟没有人听出来她在讲什么。
    There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it latter.
    现在剩下的时间不多了,我只好以后再给你讲这件事。
    (3) such...that引导的结果状语从句
    引导结果状语从句的such...that的具体内容是:such+a/an+形容词+名词+that从句。
    其中的名词可以是可数名词的单数或复数,也可以是不可数名词。
    such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从句可换成so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句。如:
    The Japanese student made such rapid progress that he soon began to write article in Chinese.
    那个日本留学生进步很快,不久就开始用中文写文章了。
    The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed.
    (=The professor told us so funny a story that all the students laughed.)
    教授讲了个很有趣的故事,(以致于)所有的学生都笑了起来。
    (4) such that引导的结果状语从句
    such that引导的结果状语从句多用于正式文体,主句为“主—系—表”句型。如:
    The force of the explosion was such that it blew out all the windows.
    爆炸的力量很大,所有的窗户都被炸掉了。
    His anger was such that he lost control of himself.
    他气得不能克制自己的感情。

    状语从句 - 条件状语从句 
    (1) if引导的条件状语从句
    if可引导非真实条件状语从句(见“虚拟语气”)和真实条件状语从句。如:
    If he said that,he can’t be telling the truth.
    如果他说了那样的话,他不可能是说实话。
    (2) unless引导的条件状语从句
    unless引导的是否定条件状语从句,在意义上相当于if...not,而且语气较强,一般不用于虚拟语气。如:
    You’ll be late unless you hurry.
    你会迟到的,如果不赶快的话。
    (3) if only引导的条件状语从句
    if only在引导条件状语从句时意为“只要;如果”。如:
    I’ll let you use the car if only you keep it in good condition.
    只要你把车保养好,我就让你用。
    (4) as/so long as引导的条件状语从句
    as/so long as意为“只要;如果”。如:
    As long as it doesn’t rain, we can play.
    只要不下雨我们就能玩。
    (5) provided (that)/providing (that)引导的条件状语从句
    provided (that)/providing (that)意为“如果;只要”。如:
    I will agree to go provided’ providing (that my expense are paid.)
    假如为我负担费用,我就同意去。
    Providing you promise not to tell anyone else I’ll explain the secret.
    状语从句 - 让步状语从句
    (1) although/though引导的让步状语从句
    although和though,都作“虽然;尽管”解,通常可以换用,although的语气较重。
    如果要强调“但是”语气,可使用yet,still或nevertheless来表示“但是”、“依然”或“然而”之意。
    Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him.
    虽然和她谈了半天,他还是不能让她信任自己。
    (2) even if引导的让步状语从句
    even if “即使,纵然”,从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。如:
    Even if it rains tomorrow,we won’t change our plan.
    即使明天下雨,我们也决不改变计划。
    Even if I failed again, I will not give up the experiment.
    即使我再次失败,我也决不会放弃实验。
    (3) even though引导的让步状语从句
    even though“虽然,尽管”,从句所表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的情况,通常可以和although/though换用。如:
    Even though I didn’t understand a word,I kept smiling.
    即使我一个字也不懂,我还是保持微笑。
    Even though you say so,I do not believe it.
    即使你这样说,我也不信。
    (4) much as引导的让步状语从句
    much as“虽然,尽管”,通常可以和although/though换用:
    Much as I’d like to,I can’t come.
    我虽然很想来,但是来不了。
    Much as I admire his courage,I don’t think he acted wisely.
    我虽然佩服他的勇气,但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。
    (5) while引导的让步状语从句
    while“虽然,尽管”,多用于正式文体,通常可换作although/though。如:
    While I understand your point of view,I do not share it.
    我虽了解你的观点,但不敢苟同。
    While I sympathize,I really can’t do very much to help.
    虽然我很同情,但我确实帮不了什么忙。
    (6) whatever/No matter what引导的让步状语从句
    whatever和no matter what用法相同,都作“无论什么”解,后者多用于非正式文体。如:
    Whatever/No matter what he says,don’t go.
    不管他说什么,你都不要走。
    We are determined to fulfill the task,whatever/no matter what happens.
    不管发生什么了,我们决心完成任务。
    (7) whichever/no matter which引导的让步状语从句
    whichever和no matter which用法相同,都作“无论哪个”解,后者多用于非正式文体。如:
    Whichever/No matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee.
    不论你买哪个,都有六个月的保修期。
    Whichever/No matter which of the two men had stolen her purseBarbara was determined to find them.
    不管这两个人是谁偷了她的钱包,芭芭拉决心找到他们。
    (8) whoever/no matter who引导的让步状语从句
    whoever和no matter who用法相同,都作“无论谁”解,后者多用于非正式文体。如:
    You can’t come in, whoever you are.
    不管你是谁,都不能进来。
    Whoever/No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell him I’m busy.
    不管谁要我接电话, 就说我现在正忙着呢。
    (9) whereverno matter where引导的让步状语从句
    wherever和no matter where用法相同,都作“无论在(或到)哪里”解,后者多用于非正式文体。如:
    Wherever/No matter where you go, I’m Right Here Waiting fo ryou.
    无论你到哪里,我都依然在这里等着你。
    (10) however/no matter how引导的让步状语从句
    however和no matter how用法相同,都作“无论如何……”解,后者多用于非正式文体。
    However much you regret doing that, there is nothing you can do about it now.
    无论你可能多么懊悔你曾经做过的事,现在也无济于事了。
    However high it may be,it can’t reach the sky.
    它不论有多高,也高不到天上去。
    (11) whenever/no matter when引导的让步状语从句
    whenever和no matter when用法相同,都作“无论何时”解,后者多用于非正式文体。如:
    Whenever I’m unhappy,he cheers me up.
    每当我不高兴时,他就给我鼓劲儿。
    (12)(no matter) whether...or引导的让步状语从句
    whether...or和no matter whether...or用法相同,都作“不论……还是”解,后者的语气强一些。如:
    When It Rains or not, we’re playing football on Sunday.
    无论下不下雨,我们星期天一定踢足球。
    (13) as引导的让步状语从句
    as在引导让步状语从句时作“虽然;尽管”和“即使”解,但是它不位于句首,在它前面的可以是形容词、名词、副词等。如:
    Strong as you maybe, you cannot lift it.
    虽然你可能很有力气,你却无法把它提起来。
    Late as it was, they continued to study.
    时间尽管不早了,他们仍继续学习。

    状语从句 - 方式状语从句
    (1) as引导的方式状语从句
    as在引导方式状语从句时意为“以……方式;如同……那样”,从句有时是省略句。如:
    Do as I say. 要照我说的做。
    I did just as you told me. 我正是照你说的办的。
    Air is to man as water is to fish. 空气之于人犹如水之于鱼。
    (2) as if/as though引导的方式状语从句
    as if和as though的用法相同,都作“好像,仿佛”解。如:
    二者引导的状语从句往往用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反。as if比as though更为常用。
    但也可用陈述语气,表示所说的情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。如:
    They looked at me as if ‘as though I were mad.
    他们瞧着我好像我发疯了似的。
    They look as if/as though they know each other.
    他们看来好像互相认识。

    状语从句 - 比较状语从句
    (1) as...as 引导的比较状语从句
    as...as表示同级比较,主句中用形容词或副词的原级形式,从句常常为省略句。如:
    We were as fortunate as them (they were)
    我们和他们一样幸运。
    I hope she will make as much progress as you (have done).
    我希望她将取得和你同样的进步。
    (2) not so/as...as 引导的比较状语从句
    not so/as...as表示同级比较,主句中用形容词或副词的原级形式,从句常常为省略句。如:
    That’s not so/as simple as it sounds.
    那件事情不像听起来那么简单。
    (3) than引导的比较状语从句
    than引导的比较状语从句表示同等比较,主句中用形容词或副词的比较级形式,从句常常为省略句。如:
    He has lived here longer than I(has lived).
    他在这儿住的时间比我长。
    They love the girl than(they love) him.
    他们爱这个女孩而不爱他。
    (4) the..., the...引导的比较状语从句
    The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.
    英语听得越多就越容易。



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