While we ________ tennis yesterday, it ________ to rain. [ ]A. played, was starting B. played, started C. were playing, was startingD. were playing, started-九年级英语打印页面

While we ________ tennis yesterday, it ________ to rain. [ ]A. played, was starting B. played, started C. were playing, was startingD. were playing, started-九年级英语

[db:作者] 2020-01-10 00:00:00 互联网

题文

While we ________ tennis yesterday, it ________ to rain.

A. played, was starting
B. played, started
C. were playing, was starting
D. were playing, started

题型：单选题难度：中档

答案

据专家权威分析，试题“While we ________ tennis yesterday, it ________ to rain. [ ..”主要考查你对一般过去时，过去进行时，状语从句等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：

一般过去时过去进行时状语从句

考点名称：一般过去时

一般过去时:
表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
基本结构：
主语+动词过去式+其他；
否定形式①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词；
一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。

一般过去时句法结构：
肯定形式
主语+动词过去式+其他
例句：She often came to help us in those days.
否定形式
①was/were+not；②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词
例句：I didn't know you like coffee
一般疑问句
①Did+主语+do+其他？ ②Was\Were+主语+表语?
例句：Did I do that?
用表格整理如下：

肯定式	疑问式	否定式	疑问否定式
Iworked	Did I work?	I did not work	Did I not work?
He(She,It) worked	Did he(she,it) work?	He(she,it) did not work	Did he(she,it) notwork?
We worked	Did we work?	We did not work	Did we not work?
You worked	Did you work?	You did not work	Did you not work?
They worked	Did they work?	They did not work	Did they not work?

记忆口诀：
一般过去时并不难，过去动作、状态记心间。
动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。
否定句很简单，didn't 站在动原前，其它部分不要变。
一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动原、其它部分依次站。
特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。
最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记！

一般过去时中动词过去式变化规则：

词

构成

举例

一般情况

词尾+ed

动词原形

过去式和过去分词

look
talk

looked
talked

以不发音字母e结尾

词尾+d

like
arrive

liked
arrived

以“辅以字母+y”结尾

变y为i，再加ed

fly
study

flied
studied

以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母

双写词尾+ed

stop
plan

stopped
planned

结构句型:
1．一般句子
I watched TV last night.
2．一般疑问句
Did you watch TV last night？
3．there be 句型
There was an apple on the table last night.
Was there an apple on the table last night

一般过去时注意事项：
1.注意主句与从句中时态的一致性
如果主句用了过去时，从句中一般也要用过去式，或者过去进行时、过去完成时等。例如：
He believed that he was right. 他相信自己是对的。
I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。
I thought they were with you. 我以为他们和你在一起。

2.在口语中，一般过去时并不一定指真正的过去，而只是表示一种礼貌性语气。例如：
I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favor. 不知你可否帮我一个忙。
I wanted (want) to ask if I could borrow your car. 我想问问可否借用你的车。
I hoped (hope) you could (can) give me some advice. 我希望你能帮我出点主意。
Did (Do) you want to see me? 你想见我吗？

3.used to
used to 是一个词组，表示“过去曾经是……而现在已经停止了”的动作。例如：
I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。(而现在不这样了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(而现在不在早晨散步了)
一般过去式用法：
（1）一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生，也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。
一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去的事情。
句式：主语+动词过去式+宾语+其它
I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟茱莉雅说了几句话。
He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子，抽烟抽得可凶了。

（2）一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：
yesterday,last week ,in the past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等.
（句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时，取决于动作是否对现在有影响）。
Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗？（你现在不饿吗？）
Yes,I have. 是的，我已经吃过了。（已经吃饱了，不想再吃了。）
When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的？（关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。）
I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大约是十分钟以前吃的。）
Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。
I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。
I ate it at 6：45。我在六点四十五分吃了。

（3）带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时。如：
yesterday（昨天）、two days ago…（两天前…… ）、last year…（去年…）、the other day（前几天）、
once upon a time（很久以前）、 just now（刚才）、in the old days（过去的日子里）、before liberation（解放前…）、
When I was 8 years old（当我八岁时…）、at+一个时间点
Did you have a party the other day？前几天，你们开了晚会了吗？
Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷锋是个好战士。
注：在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。

（4）表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died.
那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。

（5）表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always，never等连用。
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。
（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。）
比较：
Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。
（说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞）
Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太总是带着一把伞。
（表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦）
I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。
（不涉及到现在，不说明现在是否喝酒）

（6）如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do（过去常常做，而现在不那样做了）
He used to drink alcohol.他过去喝酒。
（意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了）
I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。
（意味着现在不在早晨散步了）
比较：
I took a walk in the morning.我曾经在早晨散过步。
（只是说明过去这一动作）

（7）有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时。
I didn''t know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。
（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.）
I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。
（这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病）
一般过去时三变技巧:
一变：肯定句变为否定句
技巧1.当句中含有情态动词或助动词could，would，should等时，可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如：
I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.
技巧2.当句中含有系动词was，were 时，可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如：
I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me.
技巧3.当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时，在该动词之前加did not / didn't，动词还原，构成否定句。例如：
The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.

二变：陈述句变为一般疑问句
技巧1.移动词语的位置。将was，were, could，would，should等移到句首。例如：
He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?
技巧2.添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时，在主语之前加did，动词还原。例如：
Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old?

三变：陈述句变为特殊疑问句
技巧1.确定疑问词：人who / whom，物what，地点where，时间when / what time，原因why，频率how often，长度how long，距离how far等等。例如：
They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert?
技巧2.辨认结构形式：疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+...? 例如：
The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen?

考点名称：过去进行时

过去进行时：
表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。其形式为was/were+V-ing。
常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：
last night，last Saturday等；
或者与when,while,as引导的过去时间状语连用。
过去进行时的结构：
1. 过去进行时由“主语+was/were + 现在分词”构成
eg: We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。
2. 过去进行时的否定式由“主语+was/were not +现在分词”构成
eg: This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候，杰克不是在看电视，而是在修理自行车。
3. 过去进行时的疑问式由“was/were +主语+ 现在分词”组成
eg: Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 你们在干什么昨天下午的时间啊回答我啊?
过去进行时和一般过去时的区别：
一、二者概念理解
一般过去时叙述旧事，过去进行时描述背景。
A、一般过去时
1.过去状态、动作或事件
He went to Beijing the other day.（带具体时间）
2.过去的习惯
a would ,used to与过去时
would 表间断性不规则的习惯，常带频率时间
used to 表一贯性有规律的习惯
They used to meet and would sometimes exchange one or two words.
He smoked a lot two years ago. （过去行为）
bWould 用于文中不用于句首，只表过去习惯。
Used to 表今昔对比的含义，叙述习惯动作可与would 换用。
When he was a boy , he would often go there . （叙述过去）
She isn't what she used to be. (今昔对比)
c 表示状态时一般只用used to
Tom used to be fat /There used to stand a tree there. (状态)
dwas (were) used to +ving表示“合适于，适应于…..”
He used to work at night . (“习惯”表经常)
He was used to working at night. (习惯表适应)
3.过去的经历，平行动作，依此事件用一般过去时。
He sat there and listened to the radio.(依此发生)
4.客气委婉的语气，用于情态动词，助动词和want , wonder , hope 等
How did you like the film? / Could you help me?

B. 过去进行时
1.在过去某阶段或某一时刻正在发生
What were you doing at 8:30 last night? (过去某时刻正在发生)
2.性动词用过去进行时表示按计划、打算
During that time he was going with us.(表示打算)
3.lways ,often ,usually 等连用表喜爱，讨厌等感情色彩。
He was always Changing his mind.

二、区别
A. 进行时表某一行为的“片断”一般时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。
I was reading the book at that time. (未读完，“读”的片段)
I read the book yesterday. (已读完，表整个“读”)
B、一般持续时间状语多与进行时连用
It was raining all night.(优先用was raining ,rained 为持续动词，故也可使用)
He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暂动词与持续时间连用，表反复，连续发生，不可用一般过去时)
C、while 时间状语从句中用短暂动词时只能用进行时。
例：He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down.
D、While 所在主从句动作大致持续相等时主从句一般都用进行时，但若是持续动词可都用一般过去时，两个动作一长一短时短的用一般时，长的用进行时。
I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.(平行)
I cooked the dinner while he played the piano.
I saw him while I was walking to the station.
过去进行时的基本用法:
过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。如：
He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。　　
2. 用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。如：
I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。　　
【注】一般过去时也有类似用法，但比较而言，用过去进行时显得更客气，更不肯定。　　
3. 过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、
厌恶等感情色彩，也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。如：
They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。　　
4. 动词be的过去进行时动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。　　
比较：He was friendly. 他很友好。(指过去长期如此) 　　
He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现)

特殊用法
1、当句子意思很清楚时，我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时
We listened carefully when the teacher read the text. 老师读课文时，我们都仔细地听着。
2、表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。
用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置转移的动词时，也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。
如：He told me that he was going soon. 他告诉我他很快就要走了。
3、表示故事发生的背景。
It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.
那支医疗小组往前线行进时，天正下着雪。
4、表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。
过去进行时可用来引出一个新的动作，这种用法颇有点儿像镜头转换。
Five minutes later,he stood in the doorway smoking a cigarette.
5分钟后，他已站在门口抽着烟。
5、过去进行时还可和when结构遥相呼应，含有意外之意。
I was walking in the street when someone called me.
我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
6、用来陈述原因或用作借口。
She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.
她昨天去看病了。她患了很严重的心脏病。
7、与always,constantly等词连用，表示感情色彩。
The girl was always changing her mind.
这女孩老是改变主意。

考点名称：状语从句

状语从句：
指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。
状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。
从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
状语从句分类:
1、时间状语从句
常用引导词：
when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词：
the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
I didn't realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

2、地点状语从句
常用引导词：
where
特殊引导词：
wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.

3、原因状语从句
常用引导词：
because, since, as, for
特殊引导词：
seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, as much as, so much as
My friends dislike me because I'm handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come, let's begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.

4、目的状语从句
常用引导词：
so that, in order that
特殊引导词：
lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.

5、结果状语从句
常用引导词：
so that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引导词：
such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It's such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn't sleep last night.

6、条件状语从句
常用引导词：
if, unless,
特殊引导词：
as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that
We'll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.

7、让步状语从句
常用引导词：
though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词：
as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can't agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won't listen whatever you may say.

8、比较状语从句
常用引导词：
as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：
the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。

9、方式状语从句
常用引导词：
as, as if, how
特殊引导词：
the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
状语从句用法:
时间状语从句
(1) when引导的时间状语从句
①.when引导的时间状语从句，其动词既可以是延续性动作的动词，也可以是瞬间性动作的动词，而且可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或者从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。如：
when you apply for a job, you must present your credentials.
当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证件。（同时）
when the students heard the teacher’s footsteps, they all atopped talking.
当学生们听到老师的脚步声时，他们都停止了讲话。（从句动作发生在前）
② when还可表示just then（正在那时，突然）的意思，此时其所引导的从句只放在主句之后。如：
we were about to start when it began to rain.
我们正要动身，突然天下起雨来。
The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining.
比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。
(2) as引导的时间状语从句
as引导的时间状语从句其动词的动作是延续性的，而且侧重表示主句和从句的动作并相发生：
We were having breakfast as she was combing her hair.
她梳头时我们在吃早饭。
It will warm up a little bit on Sunday as the cold front passes.
寒流一过，星期日就会有点暖意了。
(3) while引导的时间状语从句
while表示“在某一段时间里”或“在……期间”，其所引导的从句的动作是延续性的，并侧重表示和主句的动作同时发生。如：
When the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listened attentively and took notes.
当老师用英语解释课文时，学生们聚精会神地听并做着笔记。
I can learn while I work.
我可以边工作边学习。
(4) before引导的时间状语从句
① before“在……之前”
I have finished my dissertation before my supervisor went abroad.
在我的导师出国之前，我已完成了我的学位论文。
I’ll be back before you have left.
你离开之前我就会回来。
② before“……之后才”
It may be many years before we meet again.
可能要过许多年我们才能再见了。
It was three days before I came back.
他三天后才回来。
(5) as soon as/once/directly/the instant等引导的时间状语从句
as soon as 是最常见的表示“一……就”的从属连词，其他连词还有once，directly，immediately，instantly，the instant (that)，the minute(that) ，the moment(that)等，它们通常都可与as soon as换用。如：
As soon as we got home, the telephone rang.
我们一到家，电话就响了。
I recognized her immediately I saw her.
我一看见她就认出她来了。
Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet.
老师一进来，大家就静了下来。
(6) hardly...when/no sooner...than引导的时间状语从句
关联从属连词hardly/barely/scarcely...when和no sooner...than的意思是“刚……就”，它们所引导的从句中的谓语动词通常为过去完成时。如：
He had no sooner (no sooner had he)arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
他刚一到家，就又要他出另一次差。
No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.
这些话刚一出口，他就意识到自己应该保持沉默。
(7) since引导的时间状语从句
在含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，从句的谓语动词通常为一般过去时，主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时、过去完成时和一般现在时：
We’ve never met since we graduated from the college.
大学毕业后我们就再没见过面。
Great changes have taken place since you left.
你走了以后，这里发生了巨大变化。
(8) till/until引导的时间状语从句 till和until同义，作“直到……时(为止)”解，till多用于非正式文体，until多用于句首。如：
Donald will remain in college until(till) he finishes his Ph.D course.
唐纳德将留在学校直到完成他的博士学位课程。
I won’t go with you until(till) I finished my homework.
等我做完作业我才和你一起去。
(9) whenever/each time/every time引导的时间状语从句
whenever在引导时间状语从句时作“每当；每次”解，each time和every time与whenever同义，通常可以与它换用。如：
The roof leaks whenever it rains.
每逢下雨屋顶就漏雨。
Whenever certain chemicals are mixed together，heat is produced.
某些化学物质被混到一起时，就会产生热。
Whenever/ Every time/ Each time I met her, she was studying.
我每次看见她时，她总是在学习。

状语从句 - 地点状语从句
(1) when引导的时间状语从句
从属连词where“在（或到）……的地方”
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
Put it where you found it.
把它放在原来的地方。
① where 在地点状语从句中，除指地点外，还可指处境等。如：
He said he was happy where he was.
他说他对自己的处境很满意。
It’s your fault that she is where she is.
她今天落到这个地步都怪你。
② 有时地点状语从句中的某些词可以省略。如：
Fill in the blanks with the given phrases. Change the form where necessary.
用所给的短语填空，必要的地方可以改变其形式。
Avoid structure of this kind where possible.
只要可能，就要避免这种结构。
(2) wherever引导的地点状语从句
从属连词wherever“在（或到）……的各个地方”：
You can go wherever(anywhere) you like these days.
这些天你可以去你想去的地方。
Where (Everywhere) they went, the experts were warmly welcomed.
专家每到一处，都受到热烈的欢迎。
Sit down wherever you like.
你喜欢坐哪儿就坐哪儿。

状语从句 - 原因状语从句
(1) because引导的原因状语从句
because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句，其所引导的从句，为全句句意的中心所在。
通常用于回答why引出的疑问句，语气最强，除特别强调外，该从句一般位于主句后面。
I didn’t go abrord with her because I couldn’t afford it.
我没有和她一起出国是因为费用太高。
Don’t scamp your work because you are pressed for time.
不要因为时间仓促而马马虎虎。
(2) as引导的原因状语从句
as引导的原因状语从句所传递的通常是已知信息，从句多位于主句之前，通常可以和since换用。如：
As I didn’t know the way，I asked a policeman.
我不认识路，因而问警察。
As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain.
由于在下雪，我们不去爬山了。
(3) since引导的原因状语从句
since引导的原因状语从句所传递的通常是已知信息，从句多位于主句之前，通常可以和as换用。如：
Since traveling by air is much faster,they decided to take a plane.
既然乘飞机旅行快得多，他们就决定坐飞机。
Since you won’t help me ，I’ll ask someone else.
你既然不帮我，那我就请别人帮忙。
(4) now(that)引导的原因状语从句
now(that)“因为；既然”，通常可以和since换用。其中that可省去，用来表示一种新的情况，再加以推论。如：
Now(that) you?蒺ve passed your test you can drive on your own.
你既已考试合格，就可以独自开车了。
I do remember，now (that) you mention it.
你这一提，我倒的确想起来了。
(5) seeing (that)引导的原因状语从句
Seeing (that)“鉴于；由于”，通常用于非正式文体。如：
Seeing (that) the weather is bad，we’ll stay at home.
天气不好，我们还是呆在家里吧。
Seeing that he’ s ill，he’s unlikely to come.
(6) in that引导的原因状语从句
in that“因为；基于……的理由”，可以和because换用，多用于正式文体，它所引导的原因状语从句总是位于主句之后。如：
Advertisement is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.
广告不同于其他交际形式，因为登广告的人要为其所提供的信息付费。
I’m in a slightly awkward position, in that he’s not arriving until 10th.
我的处境有点难堪，因为他要十号才来。

状语从句 - 目的状语从句
(1) in order that引导的目的状语从句
in order that“为了；以便”。多用于正式文体，通常可以与so that换用。如：
You stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake.
他们在杭州停了下来，以便游览西湖。
The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand.
专家讲得很慢，以便人人听得懂。
(2) so (that)引导的目的状语从句
so that“为了；以便”。so that通常可以与in order that换用，它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后，在非正式文体中，常省略that。如：
Speak clearly so that they may understand you.
你要讲得清楚，他们才听得懂。
She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight.
她要七点钟备好茶点，这样她八点以前就可以出门了。
(3) in case/for fear (that)/lest等引导的目的状语从句
in case，for fear(that)和lest这三个从属连词都表示否定目的，意思是“以免”,“以防”。
in case多用于英国英语，它所引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是陈述语气形式，也可以是虚拟语气形式；
for fear(that)引导的从句中的谓语带有may，might，should等情态动词；
lest用于正式文体，它所引导的从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。如：
Take your umbrella with you，lest it should rain.
带上你的伞，以防下雨。
Take your umbrella in case it rains.
带上你的伞，以防下雨。
He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain.
他带了一把伞，以防下雨。
状语从句 - 结果状语从句
(1) so that引导的结果状语从句
① so that引导的结果状语从句只能位于主句之后，中间可以有逗号。如：
Suddenly it began to rain heavily，so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving.
突然下起了大雨，几乎无法继续开车。
Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I know she was safe and sound.
琳达到达后给我打了电话，因而我知道她平安无事。
②“so that”既可引导结果状语从句也可引导目的状语从句。
究竟是引导的结果状语从句还是目的状语从句，除了根据句意来判断外，还可根据结构形式来加以判断。
若从句前有逗号，一般为结果状语从句，如果从句中有情态动词，通常则为目的状语从句。如：
They started out early, so that they didn’t miss the train.
他们早早就出发了，所以没误火车。(结果状语从句)
They started out early so that they would not miss the train.
他们早早出发是为了不误火车。(目的状语从句)
(2) so...that引导的结果状语从句
so...that“如此……以致”，that在非正式文体中可以省略，so后面接形容词或副词。如：
She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying.
她说话如此之快竟没有人听出来她在讲什么。
There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it latter.
现在剩下的时间不多了，我只好以后再给你讲这件事。
(3) such...that引导的结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的such...that的具体内容是：such+a/an+形容词+名词+that从句。
其中的名词可以是可数名词的单数或复数，也可以是不可数名词。
such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从句可换成so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句。如：
The Japanese student made such rapid progress that he soon began to write article in Chinese.
那个日本留学生进步很快，不久就开始用中文写文章了。
The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed．
(＝The professor told us so funny a story that all the students laughed.)
教授讲了个很有趣的故事，(以致于)所有的学生都笑了起来。
(4) such that引导的结果状语从句
such that引导的结果状语从句多用于正式文体，主句为“主—系—表”句型。如：
The force of the explosion was such that it blew out all the windows.
爆炸的力量很大，所有的窗户都被炸掉了。
His anger was such that he lost control of himself.
他气得不能克制自己的感情。

状语从句 - 条件状语从句
(1) if引导的条件状语从句
if可引导非真实条件状语从句(见“虚拟语气”)和真实条件状语从句。如：
If he said that，he can’t be telling the truth.
如果他说了那样的话，他不可能是说实话。
(2) unless引导的条件状语从句
unless引导的是否定条件状语从句，在意义上相当于if...not，而且语气较强，一般不用于虚拟语气。如：
You’ll be late unless you hurry.
你会迟到的，如果不赶快的话。
(3) if only引导的条件状语从句
if only在引导条件状语从句时意为“只要；如果”。如:
I’ll let you use the car if only you keep it in good condition.
只要你把车保养好，我就让你用。
(4) as/so long as引导的条件状语从句
as/so long as意为“只要；如果”。如：
As long as it doesn’t rain, we can play.
只要不下雨我们就能玩。
(5) provided (that)/providing (that)引导的条件状语从句
provided (that)/providing (that)意为“如果；只要”。如：
I will agree to go provided’ providing (that my expense are paid.)
假如为我负担费用，我就同意去。
Providing you promise not to tell anyone else I’ll explain the secret.
状语从句 - 让步状语从句
(1) although/though引导的让步状语从句
although和though，都作“虽然；尽管”解，通常可以换用，although的语气较重。
如果要强调“但是”语气，可使用yet，still或nevertheless来表示“但是”、“依然”或“然而”之意。
Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him.
虽然和她谈了半天，他还是不能让她信任自己。
(2) even if引导的让步状语从句
even if “即使，纵然”，从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。如：
Even if it rains tomorrow，we won’t change our plan.
即使明天下雨，我们也决不改变计划。
Even if I failed again, I will not give up the experiment.
即使我再次失败，我也决不会放弃实验。
(3) even though引导的让步状语从句
even though“虽然，尽管”，从句所表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的情况，通常可以和although/though换用。如：
Even though I didn’t understand a word，I kept smiling.
即使我一个字也不懂，我还是保持微笑。
Even though you say so，I do not believe it.
即使你这样说，我也不信。
(4) much as引导的让步状语从句
much as“虽然，尽管”，通常可以和although/though换用：
Much as I’d like to，I can’t come.
我虽然很想来，但是来不了。
Much as I admire his courage，I don’t think he acted wisely.
我虽然佩服他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。
(5) while引导的让步状语从句
while“虽然，尽管”，多用于正式文体，通常可换作although/though。如：
While I understand your point of view，I do not share it.
我虽了解你的观点，但不敢苟同。
While I sympathize，I really can’t do very much to help.
虽然我很同情，但我确实帮不了什么忙。
(6) whatever/No matter what引导的让步状语从句
whatever和no matter what用法相同，都作“无论什么”解，后者多用于非正式文体。如：
Whatever/No matter what he says，don’t go.
不管他说什么，你都不要走。
We are determined to fulfill the task，whatever/no matter what happens.
不管发生什么了，我们决心完成任务。
(7) whichever/no matter which引导的让步状语从句
whichever和no matter which用法相同，都作“无论哪个”解，后者多用于非正式文体。如：
Whichever/No matter which you buy， there is a six-month guarantee.
不论你买哪个，都有六个月的保修期。
Whichever/No matter which of the two men had stolen her purseBarbara was determined to find them.
不管这两个人是谁偷了她的钱包，芭芭拉决心找到他们。
(8) whoever/no matter who引导的让步状语从句
whoever和no matter who用法相同，都作“无论谁”解，后者多用于非正式文体。如：
You can’t come in， whoever you are.
不管你是谁，都不能进来。
Whoever/No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell him I’m busy.
不管谁要我接电话，就说我现在正忙着呢。
(9) whereverno matter where引导的让步状语从句
wherever和no matter where用法相同，都作“无论在（或到）哪里”解，后者多用于非正式文体。如：
Wherever/No matter where you go, I’m Right Here Waiting fo ryou.
无论你到哪里，我都依然在这里等着你。
(10) however/no matter how引导的让步状语从句
however和no matter how用法相同，都作“无论如何……”解，后者多用于非正式文体。
However much you regret doing that， there is nothing you can do about it now.
无论你可能多么懊悔你曾经做过的事，现在也无济于事了。
However high it may be，it can’t reach the sky.
它不论有多高，也高不到天上去。
(11) whenever/no matter when引导的让步状语从句
whenever和no matter when用法相同，都作“无论何时”解，后者多用于非正式文体。如：
Whenever I’m unhappy，he cheers me up.
每当我不高兴时，他就给我鼓劲儿。
(12)(no matter) whether...or引导的让步状语从句
whether...or和no matter whether...or用法相同，都作“不论……还是”解，后者的语气强一些。如：
When It Rains or not, we’re playing football on Sunday.
无论下不下雨，我们星期天一定踢足球。
(13) as引导的让步状语从句
as在引导让步状语从句时作“虽然；尽管”和“即使”解，但是它不位于句首，在它前面的可以是形容词、名词、副词等。如：
Strong as you maybe, you cannot lift it.
虽然你可能很有力气，你却无法把它提起来。
Late as it was, they continued to study.
时间尽管不早了，他们仍继续学习。

状语从句 - 方式状语从句
(1) as引导的方式状语从句
as在引导方式状语从句时意为“以……方式；如同……那样”，从句有时是省略句。如：
Do as I say. 要照我说的做。
I did just as you told me. 我正是照你说的办的。
Air is to man as water is to fish. 空气之于人犹如水之于鱼。
(2) as if/as though引导的方式状语从句
as if和as though的用法相同，都作“好像，仿佛”解。如：
二者引导的状语从句往往用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。as if比as though更为常用。
但也可用陈述语气，表示所说的情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。如：
They looked at me as if ‘as though I were mad.
他们瞧着我好像我发疯了似的。
They look as if/as though they know each other.
他们看来好像互相认识。

状语从句 - 比较状语从句
(1) as...as 引导的比较状语从句
as...as表示同级比较，主句中用形容词或副词的原级形式，从句常常为省略句。如：
We were as fortunate as them (they were)
我们和他们一样幸运。
I hope she will make as much progress as you (have done).
我希望她将取得和你同样的进步。
(2) not so/as...as 引导的比较状语从句
not so/as...as表示同级比较，主句中用形容词或副词的原级形式，从句常常为省略句。如：
That’s not so/as simple as it sounds.
那件事情不像听起来那么简单。
(3) than引导的比较状语从句
than引导的比较状语从句表示同等比较，主句中用形容词或副词的比较级形式，从句常常为省略句。如：
He has lived here longer than I(has lived).
他在这儿住的时间比我长。
They love the girl than(they love) him.
他们爱这个女孩而不爱他。
(4) the..., the...引导的比较状语从句
The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.
英语听得越多就越容易。

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