一般过去时句法结构： 肯定形式 主语+动词过去式+其他 例句：She often came to help us in those days. 否定形式 ①was/were+not；②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词 例句：I didn't know you like coffee 一般疑问句 ①Did+主语+do+其他？ ②Was\Were+主语+表语? 例句：Did I do that? 用表格整理如下：
结构句型: 1．一般句子 I watched TV last night. 2．一般疑问句 Did you watch TV last night？ 3．there be 句型 There was an apple on the table last night. Was there an apple on the table last night
一般过去时注意事项： 1.注意主句与从句中时态的一致性 如果主句用了过去时，从句中一般也要用过去式，或者过去进行时、过去完成时等。例如： He believed that he was right. 他相信自己是对的。 I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。 I thought they were with you. 我以为他们和你在一起。
2.在口语中， 一般过去时并不一定指真正的过去，而只是表示一种礼貌性语气。例如： I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favor. 不知你可否帮我一个忙。 I wanted (want) to ask if I could borrow your car. 我想问问可否借用你的车。 I hoped (hope) you could (can) give me some advice. 我希望你能帮我出点主意。 Did (Do) you want to see me? 你想见我吗？
3.used to used to 是一个词组，表示“过去曾经是……而现在已经停止了”的动作。例如： I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。(而现在不这样了) I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(而现在不在早晨散步了)
一般过去式用法： （1）一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生，也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。 一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去的事情。 句式：主语+动词过去式+宾语+其它 I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟茱莉雅说了几句话。 He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子，抽烟抽得可凶了。
（2） 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如： yesterday,last week ,in the past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等. （句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时，取决于动作是否对现在有影响）。 Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗？（你现在不饿吗？） Yes,I have. 是的，我已经吃过了。（已经吃饱了，不想再吃了。） When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的？（关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。） I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大约是十分钟以前吃的。） Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。 I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。 I ate it at 6：45。我在六点四十五分吃了。
（3）带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时。如： yesterday（昨天）、two days ago…（两天前…… ）、last year…（去年…）、the other day（前几天）、 once upon a time（很久以前）、 just now（刚才）、in the old days（过去的日子里）、before liberation（解放前…）、 When I was 8 years old（当我八岁时…）、at+一个时间点 Did you have a party the other day？前几天，你们开了晚会了吗？ Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷锋是个好战士。 注：在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。
（4）表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。 The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died. 那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。
（5）表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always，never等连用。 Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。 （只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。） 比较： Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。 （说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞） Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。 （表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦） I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。 （不涉及到现在，不说明现在是否喝酒）
（6）如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do（过去常常做，而现在不那样做了） He used to drink alcohol.他过去喝酒。 （意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了） I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。 （意味着现在不在早晨散步了） 比较： I took a walk in the morning.我曾经在早晨散过步。 （只是说明过去这一动作）
（7）有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时。 I didn''t know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。 （因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.） I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。 （这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病）
一般过去时三变技巧: 一变：肯定句变为否定句 技巧1.当句中含有情态动词或助动词could，would，should等时，可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如： I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket. 技巧2.当句中含有系动词was，were 时，可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如： I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me. 技巧3.当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时，在该动词之前加did not / didn't，动词还原，构成否定句。例如： The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.
二变：陈述句变为一般疑问句 技巧1.移动词语的位置。将was，were, could，would，should等移到句首。例如： He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself? 技巧2.添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时，在主语之前加did，动词还原。例如： Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old?
三变：陈述句变为特殊疑问句 技巧1.确定疑问词：人who / whom，物what，地点where，时间when / what time，原因why，频率how often，长度how long，距离how far等等。例如： They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert? 技巧2.辨认结构形式：疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+...? 例如： The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen?
宾语从句的时态: 1.主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。 例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well. 2.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。 例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time. 3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。 例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. 4. 如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
宾语从句的语序: A. 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. B. 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。 Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible. Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. C. 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。 Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher. D. 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态。 False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner
宾语从句的否定转移: 主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等。 并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。 I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party. 我认为他不会来我的舞会. I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是? 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式。 We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he? 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是?
宾语从句中引导词的用法比较 在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有： 连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词：who, whose, what ,which 副词：when ,where, how, why 等。
（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略） 1.可跟that从句做宾语的动词有： say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。 例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. 注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。 例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
2.在以下情况中that不能省略 a.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。 例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you. b.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。 例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. c.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。 例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died. d.注:许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。 例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句 1.由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。 例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
2.只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句 a.在带to的不定式前 例句：We decided whether to walk there. b.在介词的后面 例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film. c.在动词后面的宾语从句时 例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week d.直接与or not连用时 例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.
3.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句 a.if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果” 例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. b.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时 例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday. c.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时 例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.
if,whether在宾语从句中的区别 a.if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if b.少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether. c. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. d.在不定式前只能用whether. （如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。） e.避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。 1.英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。 例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for? 2.英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。 例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
简化宾语从句常用六法： 方法一： 当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等， 且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。 例如： Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.
方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词， 且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如： She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window. 注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词， 且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如： Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Could you tell me how to get to the station？
方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时， 如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如： The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如： He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us. The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. →The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.
方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如： Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.
方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如： It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win. 除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如： I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well. Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow. They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy
