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根据句意,用所给词的适当形式填空。1. They received lots of ________ (compliment) on their wonderful performance.2. He ________ (stick) his fork into a big pie-九年级英语

[db:作者]  2020-01-10 00:00:00  互联网

题文

根据句意,用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. They received lots of ________ (compliment) on their wonderful performance.
2. He ________ (stick) his fork into a big piece of meat.
3. Thanks for ________ (invite) me to your birthday party.
4. I'm ________ (familiar) with the city, because it was my first time there.
5. In ________ (west) countries, people don't usually share the same dishes.
题型:填空题  难度:中档

答案

1. compliments     2. stuck     3. inviting    4. unfamiliar     5.western

据专家权威分析,试题“根据句意,用所给词的适当形式填空。1. They received lots of ..”主要考查你对  一般过去时,可数名词(单数名词,复数名词),形容词,动名词  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:

一般过去时可数名词(单数名词,复数名词)形容词动名词

考点名称:一般过去时

  • 一般过去时:
    表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
    基本结构:
    主语+动词过去式+其他;
    否定形式①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词;
    一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。

  • 一般过去时句法结构:
    肯定形式
    主语+动词过去式+其他
    例句:She often came to help us in those days.
    否定形式
    ①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词
    例句:I didn't know you like coffee
    一般疑问句
    ①Did+主语+do+其他? ②Was\Were+主语+表语?
    例句:Did I do that?
    用表格整理如下:
    肯定式 疑问式 否定式 疑问否定式
    Iworked Did I work? I did not work Did I not work?
    He(She,It) worked Did he(she,it) work? He(she,it) did not work Did he(she,it) notwork?
    We worked Did we work? We did not work Did we not work?
    You worked Did you work? You did not work Did you not work?
    They worked Did they work? They did not work Did they not work?
    记忆口诀:
    一般过去时并不难,过去动作、状态记心间。
    动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。
    否定句很简单,didn't 站在动原前,其它部分不要变。
    一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动原、其它部分依次站。
    特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。
    最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记!

    一般过去时中动词过去式变化规则:

    构成

    举例

    一般情况

    词尾+ed

    动词原形

    过去式和过去分词

    look
    talk

    looked
    talked

    以不发音字母e结尾

    词尾+d

    like
    arrive

    liked
    arrived

    以“辅以字母+y”结尾

    变y为i,再加ed

    fly
    study

    flied
    studied

    以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母

    双写词尾+ed

    stop
    plan

    stopped
    planned 


    结构句型:

    1.一般句子
    I watched TV last night.
    2.一般疑问句
    Did you watch TV last night?
    3.there be 句型
    There was an apple on the table last night.
    Was there an apple on the table last night

  • 一般过去时注意事项:
    1.注意主句与从句中时态的一致性
    如果主句用了过去时,从句中一般也要用过去式,或者过去进行时、过去完成时等。例如:
    He believed that he was right. 他相信自己是对的。
    I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。
    I thought they were with you. 我以为他们和你在一起。

    2.在口语中, 一般过去时并不一定指真正的过去,而只是表示一种礼貌性语气。例如:
    I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favor. 不知你可否帮我一个忙。
    I wanted (want) to ask if I could borrow your car. 我想问问可否借用你的车。
    I hoped (hope) you could (can) give me some advice. 我希望你能帮我出点主意。
    Did (Do) you want to see me? 你想见我吗?

    3.used to
    used to 是一个词组,表示“过去曾经是……而现在已经停止了”的动作。例如:
    I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。(而现在不这样了)
    I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(而现在不在早晨散步了)

  • 一般过去式用法:
    (1)一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。
    一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去的事情。
    句式:主语+动词过去式+宾语+其它
    I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟茱莉雅说了几句话。
    He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了。

    (2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:
    yesterday,last week ,in  the  past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等.
    (句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响)。
    Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗?(你现在不饿吗?)
    Yes,I have. 是的,我已经吃过了。(已经吃饱了,不想再吃了。)
    When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的?(关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。)
    I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大约是十分钟以前吃的。)
    Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。
    I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。
    I ate it at 6:45。我在六点四十五分吃了。

    (3)带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时。如:
    yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(两天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前几天)、
    once upon a time(很久以前)、 just now(刚才)、in the old days(过去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前…)、
    When I was 8 years old(当我八岁时…)、at+一个时间点
    Did you have a party the other day?前几天,你们开了晚会了吗?
    Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷锋是个好战士。
    注:在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。

    (4)表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时。这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。
    The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.
    那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。

    (5)表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always,never等连用。
    Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。
    (只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)
    比较:
    Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。
    (说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)
    Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。
    (表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦)
    I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。
    (不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)

    (6)如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do(过去常常做,而现在不那样做了)
    He used to drink alcohol.他过去喝酒。
    (意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)
    I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。
    (意味着现在不在早晨散步了)
    比较:
    I took a walk in the morning.我曾经在早晨散过步。
    (只是说明过去这一动作)

    (7)有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时。
    I didn''t know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。
    (因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.)
    I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。
    (这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)

  • 一般过去时三变技巧:
    一变:肯定句变为否定句
    技巧1.当句中含有情态动词或助动词could,would,should等时,可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如:
    I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.
    技巧2.当句中含有系动词was,were 时,可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如:
    I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me.
    技巧3.当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在该动词之前加did not / didn't,动词还原,构成否定句。例如:
    The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.

    二变:陈述句变为一般疑问句
    技巧1.移动词语的位置。将was,were, could,would,should等移到句首。例如:
    He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?
    技巧2.添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在主语之前加did,动词还原。例如:
    Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old?

    三变:陈述句变为特殊疑问句
    技巧1.确定疑问词:人who / whom,物what,地点where,时间when / what time,原因why,频率how often,长度how long,距离how far等等。例如:
    They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert?
    技巧2.辨认结构形式:疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+...? 例如:
    The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen?

考点名称:可数名词(单数名词,复数名词)

  • 可数名词:
    是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;
    因此它有复数形式,当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时,句子的谓语也应用复数形式。

  • 名词单数变复数的规则:
    情况 构成方法 例词 读音
    一般情况 在词尾加-s desk→desks
    map→maps
    -s在清辅音后发/s/
    day→days
    girl→girls
    -s在元音和浊辅音后发/z/
    以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词 在词尾加-es bus→buses box→boxes watch→watches fish→fishes -es发/iz/音
    以辅音字母加-y结尾的词 变y为i再加-es family→families
    factory→factories
    party→patries
    -ies发/iz/音
    以元音字母加-y结尾的词 在词尾加-s day→days
    boy→boys
    key→keys
    -s发/z/音
    以f或fe结尾的词 变f或fe为v再加-es knife→knives
    life→lives
    wife→wives
    half→halves
    -ves发/vz/音
    以辅音字母加-o结尾的词 在词尾加-es potato→potatoes
    tomato→tomatoes
    hero→heroes
    -es发/z/音
    以元音字母加-o结尾的词 在词尾加-s radio→radios
    zoo→zoos
    -s发/z/音
    巧记以f\fe结尾的可数名词复数
    妻子骑牛拿起刀,wife,calf,knife ↑
    追得贼狼满街跑,thief,wolf →→→变f或fe为v,再加es
    碰倒架子丧己命,shelf,self,life ↓
    手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief,leaf,half ↓

  • 名词复数的不规则变化:
    1.不规则形式:
    child→children(儿童)
    man→men(男人)
    woman→women (女人)
    an Englishman→two Englishmen(英国人)
    foot→feet(脚)
    tooth→teeth(牙)
    mouse→mice(老鼠)
    ox →oxen(公牛)
    goose→geese(鹅)

    2.单复同形:
    deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese, species,means,Swiss
    除人民币,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。
    如:a dollar,two dollars; a meter,twometers

    3.集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数:
    people police cattle是复数
    (OK :a person,a policeman,ahead of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss )
    (Error:a people,a police,a cattle )
    表示国民总称时,作复数用。
    (The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。)

    4.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词
    maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
    news是不可数名词。

    5.表示由两部分构成的东西,
    glasses(眼镜) trousers (长裤) clothes(衣服)
    若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双)a pair of glasses  two pairs of trousers suit(套)

    6.另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思
    goods (货物) waters (水域) fishes (各种鱼)

  • 可数名词变复数的几种形式: 
    1) 单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.   
    2) 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.  
    3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies.   
    4) 以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs,proofs, chiefs.  
    5) 以o结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.  其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos.   
    6) 不规则名词:foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→men, woman→women, mouse→mice.
    7) 单复数同形的名词:sheep,fish,dee.
    注意:fish表示种类时,也用fishes这样的形式。

考点名称:形容词

  • 形容词
    简称adj.或a,形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏与否,形容词在句中作定语,表语,宾语补足语。
    她是一个好学生,她学习努力。She is a good student, and she works hard.
    这辆自行车很贵。This bike is expensive.
    对不起,我现在很忙。I am sorry, I'm busy now.
    你为这次会议做好准备了吗? Have you got everything ready for the meeting?

  • 形容词的语法功能:
    一、作定语
    He is the greatest writer alive.他是依然健在的伟大的作家。
    Somewone else has done it.别人已经做了这事。
    二、作补语
    形容词做主语补足语和宾语补足语时,可以表示其现状、状态,也可以表示某一动作的结果,并常用在表示“认为,看待”的动词如believe,prove,consider等候。例如:
    The news made her sad.这消息使他感到非常悲伤。
    Don't marry young.不要早婚。
    三、作状语
    形容词或形容词短语可作状语,形容词作状语时,可以看作是“being+形容词”结构的省略,可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、强调或伴随状况等意义。例如:
    Enthusiastic,they are co-operative.热心的时候他们是很合作的。
    Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems.不管是穷人还是富人,不管是年轻人还是老人,我们都有问题。
    四、做表语
    The ship was adrift on unknown seas.那艘船在陌生的海域漂流。
    五、做主语
    Old and young joined the discussion.
    Rich or poor meant the same to him.作感叹语
    Very good!Say it again.
    Stupid!He must be crasy.

  • 形容词的几个特殊用法:
    most 同形容词连用而不用 the, 表示 " 极,很,非常, 十分"。
    It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。
    I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了这件事,太难了。

    "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..." 表示 " 越... 就越..."。
    The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。
    The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。
    The more, the better. 越多越好。

    " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。
    It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了.
    It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。
    The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。
    The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。

    主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。
    This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。
    This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。
     I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。

    the + 形容词 表示某种人。
    He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。
    I like to have a talk with the young. 我喜欢同年轻人谈话。
    The rich sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。
    The police led the old man across the street. 警察领老人横过马路。

    以-ly结尾的形容词
    1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,brotherly,仍为形容词。
    改错:(错) She sang lovely.             (错) He spoke to me very friendly.
       (对) Her singing was lovely.  (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
    2)有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词,也为副词。
    daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early
    The Times is a daily paper.
    The Times is published daily.

    too+adj.+to句型   “太…而不能”
      He is too young to go to school.
     =He isn’t old enough to go to school.
     =He is so young that he can’t go to school.

  • 形容词的位置:
    1.形容词一般放在名词前作定语?  
    单个形容词修饰名词时,一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。例如:?  
    a red flower一朵红花?
    an interesting story一个有趣的故事?  
    six blind men 六个盲人?
    my own house我自己的房子?
    如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定,越密切的形容词越靠近名词。
    如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面,音节多的形容词放在后面。  
    2.当形容词所修饰的词是由some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时,形容词必须置于名词之后。例如:?  
        She has something new to tell me.?她有一些新的情况告诉我。?  
        I have nothing important to do today.?今天我没有重要的工作要做。?  
        Do you know anybody else here??这儿你还有认识的人吗??  
    3.形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时,形容词必须置于名词之后。例如:?  
        It is a problem difficult to work out.?这是一道难以解决的问题。?  
        Edison is a student difficult to teach.?爱迪生是个很难教的学生。?  
        This is a kind of flowers easy to grow.?这是一种易栽的花。?  
    4.用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。例如:?  
        All people,young or old,should be strict with themselves.?  
        所有的人,无论老少,都应该严格要求自己。?  
        We are building a new school, modern and super.?  
        我们正在建一所现代化的高档次的新型学校。?  
        All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的国家,无论穷富都应该互相帮助。?  
    5.有少数形容词,如enough和possible,既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如:?   
    Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare?你有足够的时间做准备吗??   
    Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或许它将成为一次可能的机遇。
    6.有些形容词,置于名词之前与之后,含义不尽相同。例如:?  
    the writer present 出席的作者?  
    the present writer 现在的作者?
    7.表示长,宽,高,深,及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。
    This river is about 100 metres wide.
    The building is more than 50 metres tall.
     He is less than 40 years old.
    8. enough修饰名词时,在名词前后都可以。
    They said that they had enough food.= They said that they had food enough.
     enough 修饰形容词和副词,位于其后。
     He is old enough to join the army.
     He isn’t old enough to go to school.
    9.形容词else通常放在疑问代词,疑问副词或不定代词后
     what/who/where/when/when else
     something/anything/nothing…else
     What else did you do?
     Do you have anything else to say?
    10.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。
    This is the book easy to read.
    这是一本容易读的书。

  • 形容词知识拓展:
    名词化的形容词:
    有些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或事物,这时,它相当于一个名词,可作主语或宾语;
    表示一类人时,看作复数,表示一类事物时,通常看作单数。
    Robin Hooh(罗宾汉) hated the rich and loved the poor.
    The old are taken good  care of in American.
    the+形容词,常见的短语有:
    the old/the young/the sick/the white/
    the black/the rich/the poor/the dead(死者)

    形似副词的形容词:
    以-ly结尾的词通常是副词,但是下列词为形容词。
    friendly  lonely (孤独的) ;lively (活着的);lovely(可爱的)

    复合形容词的类型:
    (1)名词+过去分词  man-made satellite 人造卫星
    (2)形容词+现在分词  a good-looking man
    (3)形容词+名词  second-hand cars
    (4)数词+名词-ed   three-legged chairs三条腿的椅子
    (5)数词+名词  400- metre race
    (6)副词+现在分词  hard-working students
    (7)副词+过去分词  well-known writers
    (8)形容词+形容词  a dark-red jacket
    (9)形容词+过去分词  ready-made clothes 成品服装

    含有形容词的常用句型:
    (1) It’s+adj. of sb. to do sth.
    (good/ kind/nice/polite/clever/foolish… )
    It’s very kind of you to help me.
    (2) It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.
    (difficult/easy/hard/dangerous/usefulinteresting/important…)
    It’s important for us to learn English well.
    (3)下列形容词后常跟动词不定式
     表示情感或情绪的形容词:glad,pleased,sorry,sad,afraid,thankful…
     I'm glad to see you.
    表示能力,意志或推测的形容词:ready,able,sure,certain…
     I’m sorry to hear that.

    某些现在分词和过去分词可作形容词
    the moving story 令人感动的故事
    a moved boy   一个被感动的男孩
    a frightened child 一个被吓到的孩子
    a frightening film 一个恐怖电影

考点名称:动名词

  • 动名词:
    如果一个动词加上了ing变成了名词,那么这个词称动名词。 动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。
    它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。
    由于动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍保留着动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。
    动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用,作主语、宾语、表语、定语。

  • 动名词的结构和形式:
    动名词的否定结构:
    动名词的否定结构由not 动名词组成。如:
    Trying without success is better than not trying at all. 实验没有成功也比不实验好。
    He hated himself for not having work hard. 他悔恨自己没有用功。
    I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before. 很抱歉,没有早给你打电话。
    He felt sorry for not having done the work well. 他为没有把工作做好感到难过。
    I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going. 我看不去对你倒好了。
    (not going 是动名词一般式的否定形式)
    There is no denying the fact that he si diligent.
    (no denying 也是动名词一般式的否定)

    动名词复合结构:
    通常情况下,动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语。如果动名词动作的发出者不失谓语动的主语时,则需要有自己的逻辑主语物主代词或名词所有格加动名词就构成了动名词的复合结构,这种结构在句中可以作主语,宾语等。
    (1)逻辑主语是有生命的名词作主语时,必须用名词或代词所有格,作宾语时(尤其在口语中),也可用名词普通个或人称代词宾格。如:
    Do you think my going there will be of any help?
    你看我去会有什么帮助吗?(宾语)
    The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French.
    这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。(主语)
    Do you mind my(me) smoking ? 你介意我抽烟吗?(宾语)
    They insist on Mary’s (Mary) going with them there.
    他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。(介词宾语)
    (2)逻辑主语是无生命名词是,通常只用名词普通格。如:
    Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof?
    你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗?
    Is there any hope of our team winning the match ?
    我们对赢得比赛有希望吗?
    (3) 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this that , somebody , someone , nobody, none, anybody, anyone 时,只用普通格。如:
    She was woken up by somebody shouting outside.
    她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。

    动名词的形式(一般式,完成式和被动式):
    (1) 动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如:
    We are very interested in collecting stamps. 我们对集邮很感兴趣。
    His coming will be of great help to us . 他来对我们大有帮助。
    但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词 after, on,upon, 或for之后,常用一般式代替完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。如:
    I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。
    On hearing that bad news , the mother couldn’t help crying. 一听到这个糟糕的消息,母亲就禁不住哭了起来。
    Excuse me for coming late. 我来晚了,请原谅。
    Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。
    (2) 动名词的完成式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。
    He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他后悔没有参加这项工作。
    We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。
    (3)动名词的被动式:当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时,用被动语态。如:
    I like being given harder work. 我喜欢接受难点的工作。
    She is proud of being admitted into the university. 她为被大学录取而感到自豪。
    The meeting was put off without his having been consulted. 会议延期并未和他商量。
    He doesn’t mind having been criticized. 他不介意过去受到的批评。

  • 动名词与现在分词的关系:
    动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。
    这两种形式的另一个相同之处是:
    它们都是由动词变化而成的,它们都保留了动词的某些特征,它们都能带自己的宾语、状语,而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。
    例如:
    Speaking in the public,he will surely be very cheerful .
    (现在分词短语,作状语)他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。
    She hates speaking in the public.
    (动名词短语,作宾语)她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。

    动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是:
    ①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如:
    My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)
    ②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如:
    The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story.
    2.动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于:
    动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。试比较:
    ①a swimming boy和a swimming suit
    前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”,即a boy who is swimming,现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作;
    而后者的意思是“游泳衣”,即a suit for swimming,动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。
    ②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car
    前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”,即a child who is sleeping,现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态;
    而后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”,即 a car which is used for sleeping,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途。

  • 动名词用法口诀:
    动名词常泛指,句法作用宾/表/定与主,时态/语态之形式,一般/完成/被动式。
    Being done 系被动,不含任何进行意。用作主语请留意,常用it作形式主语,不指未来发生事,表达的信息系已知。
    用作表语请记清,作用相当一名词,检验方法很简单,主与表换位能成立。
    用作定语也易辩,表示名词之用途。
    用作宾语稍复杂,关键留意谓语动词(跟动名词作宾语的常用动词附后),时态同谓动作比较,先于谓动用完成式,其逻辑主语不固定,在句中/句外均有之。
    否定式其前加not,复合式其前加物主词,非句首宾格词也可用,尤其口语中更如此。
    说明:1、主-----主语 2、宾-----宾语 3、表------表语 4、定------定语 5、谓动---谓语动词

    动名词的用法:
    一、动名词作主语 
    1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如:   
         Swimming is a good sport in summer.   
    2. 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。   
    动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如:
    It is no use telling him not to worry.   
    常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。   
    注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。   
    3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如:   
    There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。    
    4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如:   
    No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). (禁止吸烟)   
    No parking. (禁止停车)   
    5. 动名词的复合结构作主语   
    当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构
    (这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。
    动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如:    
    Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.   

    二、动名词作宾语
    1.作动词的宾语   
    某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:
    admit, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid,  consider, enjoy, finish     
    They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走,说个不停。 
    I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。   
    Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic  regulations.   
    每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。    
    2.作介词的宾语   
    We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。   
    Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活?   
    3.作形容词的宾语   
    The music is well worth listening to more than once.  这种曲子很值得多听几遍。   
    We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。

    三、动名词作表语
    动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。
    表语、动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。   
    Your task is cleaning the windows.   你的任务就是擦窗户。
    (Cleaning the windows is your task.)   
    What I hate most is being laughed at.  我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。
    (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)

    四、动名词作定语
    动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:   
    a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking   
    a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing    
    a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading   
    a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring   
    sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping

  • 动名词是非限定动词的一种形式,由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,故称。
    动名词也有时态和语态的变化,如表所示(以及物动词write为例),不及物动词没有语态的变化。
    时态、语态 主动 被动
    一般式 writing being  written
    完成式
    having written
    having been written

  • 动名词使用注意事项:
    1) 动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数
    2) 在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词
    3) 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语
    例:I would appreciate you calling back this afternoon.
    4) 有些词后只能接动名词
    acknowledge;admit; advise;advocate;allow;appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny;
    detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help;
    hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent;
    recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...
    5) 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法
    it’s no good; it’s no/little/hardly any/ use; it’s not/hardly/scarcely use; it’s worthwhile; spend money/time; there’s no;
    there’s no point in; there’s nothing worse than; what’s the use/point
    6) 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可
    remember,forget,try,stop,go on,continue,stop,regret,cease,mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意义截然不容。
    例:remember to do/doing:
    ①I remembered to post the letters.(指未来/过去未来将要做的动作)
    ②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.(我记得做过这个动作)
     forget与remember的用法类似。
     regret的用法:
    ①I regret to inform you that…(我很遗憾地通知你……)
    ②I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.(为了“二十年前的离开”而遗憾。)
     try to(努力)与try +–ing(试验):
    ①You really must try to overcome your shyness.
    ②Try practicing five hours a day.



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