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句型转换.1. She said,"I will have a birthday party for Li Hua."(改为间接引语)She said _________a_________ _________ _________a birthday party for Li Hua.2.-八年级英语
[db:作者]  2020-01-10 00:00:00  互联网

题文

句型转换.
1. She said,"I will have a birthday party for Li Hua."(改为间接引语)
    She said _________a_________ _________ _________a birthday party for Li Hua.
2. Tom said,"I go to the supermarket every Sunday."(改为间接引语)
    Tom said__________ _________  to the supermarket every Sunday.
3．What a heavy snow!(用how来改写感叹句)
    __________ _________the snow is !
4. "Sit down," the teacher told me.(改为间接引语)
    The teacher________ _________ _________ sit down.
5. He is watching TV now.(用al five yesterday afternoon来替换时间状语)
    He__________ ________ ________ at five yesterday afternoon.
题型：句型转换  难度：中档

答案

l. she would have  2. he went   3. How heavy  4. told me to 5. was watching TV

据专家权威分析，试题“句型转换.1. She said,"I will have a birthday party for Li..”主要考查你对  过去进行时，感叹句，直接引语，间接引语  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：

过去进行时感叹句直接引语，间接引语

考点名称：过去进行时

  • 过去进行时：
    表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。其形式为was/were+V-ing。
    常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：
    last night，last Saturday等；
    或者与when,while,as引导的过去时间状语连用。

  • 过去进行时的结构：
    1. 过去进行时由“主语+was/were + 现在分词”构成
    eg: We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。
    2. 过去进行时的否定式由“主语+was/were not +现在分词”构成
    eg: This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候，杰克不是在看电视，而是在修理自行车。
    3. 过去进行时的疑问式由“was/were +主语+ 现在分词”组成
    eg: Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 你们在干什么昨天下午的时间啊  回答我啊?

  • 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别：
    一、二者概念理解
    一般过去时叙述旧事，过去进行时描述背景。
    A、一般过去时
    1.过去状态、动作或事件
    He went to Beijing the other day.（带具体时间）
    2.过去的习惯
    a would ,used to与过去时
    would 表间断性不规则的习惯，常带频率时间
    used to 表一贯性有规律的习惯
    They used to meet and would sometimes exchange one or two words.
    He smoked a lot two years ago. （过去行为）
    bWould 用于文中不用于句首，只表过去习惯。
    Used to 表今昔对比的含义，叙述习惯动作可与would 换用。
    When he was a boy , he would often go there . （叙述过去）
    She isn't what she used to be. (今昔对比)
    c 表示状态时一般只用used to
    Tom used to be fat /There used to stand a tree there. (状态)
    dwas (were) used to +ving表示“合适于，适应于…..”
    He used to work at night . (“习惯”表经常)
    He was used to working at night. (习惯表适应)
    3.过去的经历，平行动作，依此事件用一般过去时。
    He sat there and listened to the radio.(依此发生)
    4.客气委婉的语气，用于情态动词，助动词和want , wonder , hope 等
    How did you like the film? / Could you help me?

    B. 过去进行时
    1.在过去某阶段或某一时刻正在发生
    What were you doing at 8:30 last night? (过去某时刻正在发生)
    2.性动词用过去进行时表示按计划、打算
    During that time he was going with us.(表示打算)
    3.lways ,often ,usually 等连用表喜爱，讨厌等感情色彩。
    He was always Changing his mind.

    二、区别
    A. 进行时表某一行为的“片断”一般时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。
    I was reading the book at that time. (未读完，“读”的片段)
    I read the book yesterday. (已读完，表整个“读”)
    B、一般持续时间状语多与进行时连用
    It was raining all night.(优先用was raining ,rained 为持续动词，故也可使用)
    He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暂动词与持续时间连用，表反复，连续发生，不可用一般过去时)
    C、while 时间状语从句中用短暂动词时只能用进行时。
    例：He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down.
    D、While 所在主从句动作大致持续相等时主从句一般都用进行时，但若是持续动词可都用一般过去时，两个动作一长一短时短的用一般时，长的用进行时。
    I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.(平行)
    I cooked the dinner while he played the piano.
    I saw him while I was walking to the station.

  • 过去进行时的基本用法:
    过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。如：
    He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。 　　
    2. 用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。如：
    I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。 　　
    【注】一般过去时也有类似用法，但比较而言，用过去进行时显得更客气，更不肯定。 　　
    3. 过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、 
    厌恶等感情色彩，也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。如：
    They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。 　　
    4. 动词be的过去进行时动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。 　　
    比较：He was friendly. 他很友好。(指过去长期如此) 　　
       He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现)

    特殊用法
    1、当句子意思很清楚时，我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时
    We listened carefully when the teacher read the text. 老师读课文时，我们都仔细地听着。
    2、表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。
    用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置转移的动词时，也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。
    如：He told me that he was going soon. 他告诉我他很快就要走了。
    3、表示故事发生的背景。
    It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.
    那支医疗小组往前线行进时，天正下着雪。
    4、表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。
    过去进行时可用来引出一个新的动作，这种用法颇有点儿像镜头转换。
    Five minutes later,he stood in the doorway smoking a cigarette.
    5分钟后，他已站在门口抽着烟。
    5、过去进行时还可和when结构遥相呼应，含有意外之意。
    I was walking in the street when someone called me.
    我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
    6、用来陈述原因或用作借口。
    She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.
    她昨天去看病了。她患了很严重的心脏病。
    7、与always,constantly等词连用，表示感情色彩。
    The girl was always changing her mind.
    这女孩老是改变主意。

考点名称：感叹句

  • 感叹句：
    是表示喜怒哀乐等情感的句子。感叹句一般用how或what开头。感叹句要用降调，句末用感叹号
    How作状语，修饰修饰形容词、副词、或句子;
    what作定语，修饰名词（名词前可有形容词或冠词）。

  • 感叹句结构：
    一、由感叹词what引导的感叹句。
    1.① What+a/an+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！
    ② What+名词词组+主语+谓语！
    如: What a fine day it is!
    2. What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语!
    如: What kind women they are!
    What nice music it is!

    二、由How引导的感叹句。（how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。）
    1.How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！
    如: How hard the workers are working!
    How clever the girl is!
    How quickly the boy is writing!
    2. How+主语+谓语！
    如：How time flies! 时光飞逝!

    三、注意:
    1. 当how修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。
    如: How fast the runner runs!
    2. how与what引导的感叹句中的第一种格式(单数名词)一般情况下可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。
    如: What an interesting story it is! = How interesting the story is!
    What a beautiful building it is! = How beautiful the building is!
    3. 在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。
    如: What a nice present!（省略it is）
    How disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语）

  • 感叹句 what 和 how 的区别：
    1.由"what"引导的感叹句："what"意为"多么"用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。
    这类句子的结构形式是：
    what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is).
    如： What a clever girl she is!   多么聪明的姑娘呀！
     
    2.由"how"引导的感叹句："how"意为"多么"，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。
    如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；
    如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是：
    How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语+(it is).
    如： How cold it is today!今天多么冷呀！
    　　
    3.在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用"what"引导，也可用"how"引导。如：
    What a hot day it is!
    How hot the day is !

    ４.感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。
    如：What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！

  • 一般陈述句转换成How或者What引导的感叹句的方法：
    方法：
    找出陈述句中的主语和谓语部分，再找出形容词，最后找陈述句中是否包含该形容词修饰的名词部分。
    例如：My classmates are very kind and helpful.
    分析：
    句子的主语是my classmates，谓语（即动词）是are，形容词有kind和helpful，但没有该形容词要修饰的名词。
    因此可以转换成How引导的感叹句，根据“How + adj. + 主语 + 谓语！”，
    该陈述句可以改成：
    How kind and helpful my classmates are!

    例如：China is a peaceful country.
    分析：
    句子中的主语是China，谓语是is，形容词是peaceful，而且有该形容词修饰的名词country，并且，country是可数名词，需要用冠词，原句有冠词a，
    因此可以转换成What引导的感叹句，根据“What + n. + 主语 + 谓语！”，
    该句子可以改成：
    What a peaceful country China is!

    感叹句用法：
    感叹句多以how或what引导，但在口语中，还有一些特殊的感叹句表达形式。
    1．以副词here, there, in开头的感叹句。
    Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了！
    There they are! 他们在那儿呢！
    2．以疑问词who开头，表示惊奇。
    Who else will read such a book! 谁还会读这样的书！
    3．以情态动词may开头，表示愿望。
    May you both be happy! 祝二位幸福。
    May you succeed! 祝你成功！
    4．否定疑问句用作感叹句时，它的意义是肯定的；但肯定疑问句用作感叹句在美国英语中比较常见。
    Aren’t they sweet! 他们多可爱啊！
    I am hungry! 我饿极了！
    5．一些短语用作感叹句。
    Dear me! 哎呀！ My goodness! 嗳呀！
    None of your nonsense! 不要胡说了！
    6．一些作表语的成分用作感叹句。
    Just my luck! 又倒霉了！
    Sorry, my mistake! 对不起，是我的错！
    7.以从句表示的感叹句。例如：
    As if were my fault!好像是我的错似的！
    To think a scandal of this sort should be going on under my roof!真想不到这种丑事竟然出在我们家里！

  • 感叹句大全:
    一、由 what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：
    “ What + a/an ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：
    What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！
    What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊！
    “ What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：
    What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！
    What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊！
    “ What ＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！”。如：
    What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！
    What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊！

    二、由 how 引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种：
    “ How ＋形容词 / 副词＋主语＋谓语！”。如：
    How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！
    How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！
    “ How ＋形容词＋ a/an ＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：
    How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！
    “ How ＋主语＋谓语！”。如：
    How time flies! 光阴似箭！
    由 what 引导的感叹句与由 how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如：
    How beautiful a girl she is! ＝ What a beautiful girl she is!
    What delicious cakes these are! ＝ How delicious these cakes are!

    三、有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。
    如： Good idea! （好主意！）
    wonderful! （太精彩了！）
    Thank goodness! （谢天谢地！）

考点名称：直接引语，间接引语

  • 直接引语和间接引语：
    引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是讲述别人的原话，并把它放在引号里，这叫直接引语；
    另一种是用自己的话来转述别人，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语。直接引语和间接引语之间可以互相转换。

  • 直接引语和间接引语关系:
    直接引语：直接引述别人的话（句子中有“”）。
    间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语”（句子中一般无“”） 
    间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：
    人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
    1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that 引导。例如：
    She said, "I am very happy to help you."→She said that she was very happy to help you.
    2. 直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if 引导。例如：
    He asked me, "Do you like playing football?"→He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.
    注意：大多数情况下，if和whether 可以互换，但后有or not,或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。例如：
    She asked me whether he could do it or not.
    He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.
    3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如：
    My sister asked me, "How do you like the film?"→My sister asked me how I liked the film.
    4. 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。例如：
    The captain ordered, "Be quiet."→The captain ordered us to be quiet.
    注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。
    My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh."→My teacher asked me not to laugh.

     一些注意事项:
    (1)如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
    The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."
    →The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
    (2)如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：
    He said to me, "I was born in 1973."
    →He told me that he was born in 1973.

    (3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
    He said, "I'm a boy, not a girl."
    →He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.

    (4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，
    在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
    The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."
    →The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.

    (5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，
    在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：
    He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."
    →He told me that he had taught English since he came here.

    (6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,
    在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：
    The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."
    →The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.
    He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."
    →He said that he could swim when he was only six.
     
    (7)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如：
    He asked Lucy, "Where did you go?"→He asked Lucy where she went.
    Tom said, "What do you want, Ann?"→Tom asked Ann what she wanted.

  • 直接引语变间接引语:
    A.一般不表示请求或祈使的句子改为一个宾语从句
    1.连词
    若直接引语引号里的内容是陈述句，那么改为间接时，要用连词 that (可以省略)
    ……………….一般疑问句，…….，要用连词 if/whether (不可以省略)
    ……………….特殊疑问句，…….，要用连词 wh- 即特殊疑问词本身（不可省）
    2.变化
    （1）主句动词的变化
    一般说来，主句谓语动词常为said或said to，变为间接引语时，当直接引语是陈述句时，said不变。
    当直接引语是一般疑问句和特殊疑问句时，则要把said或said to变为asked / asked sb.
    （2）从句人称的变化
    由直接引语变间接引语时，从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。
    ①直接引语的主语是第一人称变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致。
    ②如果直接引语的主语是第二人称变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致。
    ③如果直接引语的主语是第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。例如：
    ①They said, “We will go there by bus.” →They said they would go there by bus.
    ②She said to me, “Are you interested in science?” →She asked me if I was interested in science.
    ③His mother said to me, “He can't go to school.” →His mother told me that he couldn't go to school.
    （3）、从句动词时态的变化
    a. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态。
    ①一般现在时→一般过去时；
    ②一般过去时→过去完成时；
    ③现在进行时→过去进行时；
    ④现在完成时→过去完成时；
    ⑤过去完成时→过去完成时（不变）；
    ⑥一般将来时→过去将来时。例如：
    The girl said, “I'm sorry for being late for class.” →The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.
    b. 直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语从句的时态保持不变。例如：
    He says, “I have finished my homework.” →He says that he has finished his homework.
    She will say, “I'll do it tomorrow.” →She will say that she'll do it the next day.
    c. 直接引语如果是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。例如：
    The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.” →The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
    （4）、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
    直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词的变化为this→that， these→those等；
    时间状语的变化为now→then， today→that day， yesterday→the day before, tomorrow→the next day等；
    地点状语的变化为here→there；动词的变化为come→go（go 不要变come）。例如：
    1. She said, “I will come this evening.” →She said that she would go that evening.
    2. He said, “My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.” →He said that his sister had been there three days before, but she was not there then.

    B.表示请求或祈使的句子改为句型tell/ask/order sb (not) to do sth
    当直接引语引号里的内容表示要求时用tell sb (not) to do sth
    当直接引语引号里的内容表示请求时用ask sb (not) to do sth
    当直接引语引号里的内容表示强制要求时用order sb (not) to do sth
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