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用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. — I _____ (buy)a beautiful pen. — When _____ you____ (buy) it?2. He_____(not post) the letter for me. It is still on his desk.-八年级英语

[db:作者]  2020-01-10 00:00:00  互联网

题文

用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. — I _____ (buy)a beautiful pen.
    — When _____ you ____  (buy) it?
2. He _____ (not post) the letter for me. It is still on his desk.
3. While the Reads _____ (have) supper,the bell rang.
4. He _____ (fall) off the bike last week, so he _____ (feel) terrible.
5. He _____ (ride) his bike this time yesterday.
6. He _____ (look for) his lost brother these years.
7. — What have you done with the apples?
    — We have just _____ (eat) them.
8. Our teacher said that air _____ (keep) moving all the time.
9. — Who _____ (knock) at the door?
    — It's me.
10. Look! The snow _____ (stop). Let's go and make a snowman.
题型:填空题  难度:中档

答案

1. have bought, did, buy   2.hasn't posted    3.were having    4. fell, felt   5 was riding  
6.has been looking for   7.eaten    8. keeps   9.is knocking   10. has stopped

据专家权威分析,试题“用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. — I _____ (buy)a beautiful pen..”主要考查你对  现在完成时,分词,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:

现在完成时分词一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时

考点名称:现在完成时

  • 现在完成时:
    过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
    基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
    句式:
    1. 否定句式:现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't (hasn't)+过去分词...”。
    如:I have not seen the movie yet. 我还没看这部电影。
    2. 一般疑问句:Have(Has)+主语+过去分词...? 如:
    —Have you finished the work?你已经做完这项工作了吗?
    —Yes, I have. 是的,我已经做完了。(No, I haven't. 不,我还没有做完。)
    3. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have(has)+主语+过去分词...?如:
    How many times have you been to the Great Wall?你去过长城几次?
    提示:肯定句中有some, already时,改为否定句或疑问句时通常要分别改为any, yet。如:
    I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。
    → I haven't finished my homework yet. (否定句)
    → Have you finished your homework yet? (一般疑问句)
    现在完成时常见两种句型:
    ①for短语
    ②It is+一段时间+ since从句

  • 现在完成时特点:
    1. 非持续性动词的完成时的肯定式不能与时间段连用,若要用时间段状语,则应换成相应的持续性动词或状态动词。
    例如:
    He has left.
    He has been away for an hour.
    2. have/has been to 表示曾经去过某地,但现在不在那;have/has gone to表示现在已去某地,现在不在这。
    例如:
    He has been to Canada, but now he is working in our company.
    Mr. Li in not at home. He has gone to Shanghai.
    3. 完成时的肯定式常用already,而否定式和疑问式常用yet,但若already用于疑问句时,表示一种出乎意外的惊讶。
    例如:Have you read it already?

  • 现在完成时和一般过去时区别:
    现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。
    但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等,
    而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系。
    比较:
    I have lost my new book.  我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到)
    I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的,现在找到与否没说明)

    have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别:
    have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;
    have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,
    前者可与once ,never,several times等连用,后者则不能。
    如:
    They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。
    He has gone to Beijing .  他去北京了。

    现在完成时注意事项:
    1.如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。如:
    It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。

    2.终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
    I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。

    3..现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语)
    如:yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for,since连用.

    4.不能与when连用.

  • 现在完成时的用法:
    1.表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如:
    -Have you had lunch yet?    
    -Yes,I have. I've just had it.
    2.表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。
    常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如:
    He has taught here since 1981
    他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教)
    I have't seen her for four years.
    我有四年没见到她了。
    3.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”。
    常与twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。 如:
    I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京

    4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如:
    now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,just,today,up to present,so far等:
    Peter has written six papers so far.
    Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
    There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.
    The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
    Up to the present everything has been successful.

    5.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如:
    already(肯定),yet(否定,疑问),just,before,recently,still,lately,never等:
    He has already obtained a scholarship.
    I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
    We have seen that film before.
    Have they found the missing child yet?

    6.现在完成时的"完成用法"
    现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。
    例如:
    He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)
    现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此:
    该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning / month /year...,today等)连用。
    例如:Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?
    7.现在完成时的"未完成用法"
    现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。
    例如:
    He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。
    (动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)
    I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
    (动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。)
    此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now,so far)等。
    例如:
    I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
    注意:现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。
    如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。
    8.一段时间+has passed+since从句
    主语+have / has been+since短语
    例如:He has been in the League for three years.
    或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了  
    9. 现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now","so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在)连用。  
    Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。
    I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。
    has gone (to),has been (to),has been (in) 的区别
    has gone to:去了没回
    has been to :去过
    has been in:呆了很久

考点名称:分词

  • 分词:
    就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,
    如时态,语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾语的性能。
    分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式。
    现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:
    现在分词表示"主动和进行",过去分词表示"被动和完成"(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。
    分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。

  • 现在分词构成形式:
    ①一般在动词原形末尾加ing,如do→doing、sing→singing、comfort→comforting
    ②以不发音的e、ue结尾的动词,先去e,再加ing,如dance→dancing、hike→hiking、write→writing、make→ making,take→taking
    ③以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词加ing,如see→seeing、toe→toeing、dye→dyeing
    ④以重读闭音节结尾的动词,并且末尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这一字母,再加ing,如cut→cutting、swim→swimming
    注:结尾是x则不必双写,如relax→relaxing
    ⑤以ie结尾的动词,要把ie变成y再加ing,如die→dying,lie→lying.
    ⑥以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ing,如picnic→picnicking,traffic→trafficking

    过去分词构成形式:
    1.规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:
    (1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。(然而要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式)
    work---worked---worked ,  visit---visited---visited
    (2)、以不发音的“ e ” 结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。
    live---lived---lived
    (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。
    study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,try---tried---tried,fry---fried---fried.[1]
    (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。
    stop---stopped---stopped  ,  drop---dropped--dropped
    (5)、以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ed,
    picnic→picnicked  ,traffic→trafficked
    2 、不规则动词:见不规则动词表

  • 分词用法:
    1、分词作状语   
    分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。   
    分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。
    当现在分词表示的动作发 生在谓语动词之前时, 则用现在分词的完成式,且所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生, 则用现在分词的一般式。
    完成或被动关系用过去分词。   
    ①现在分词:
    The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.   
    ②过去分词:
    Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. 
    Given   better attention, the plants could grow better.   

    2、“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)+分词”结构   
    现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when, once, although, until, if等连词。   
    ①现在分词:
    When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
    While waiting for  the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……   
    ②过去分词:
    Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it  well.   
    Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.   

    3、分词作定语   
    分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。
    现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。    
    We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.    
    This is really an exhausting day to all of us!   
    We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.   
    After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.   
    More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with  developed countries   

    4、分词作宾语补足语   
    现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及
    have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补语的成分。
    例:I see him passing my house every day.
    I caught him stealing things in that shop.
    I smelt something burning.

    5、分词作表语
    分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。
    过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,主语多为人。现在分词表示主语的性质,而且主语多为物;
    ①过去分词:
    We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.
    She felt confused, and even frightened.
    ②现在分词:
    He was very amusing.
    That book was rather boring.
    很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语:
    exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.

考点名称:一般现在时

  • 一般现在时:
    :表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作(有时间规律发生的事件)的一种时间状态。

  • 一般现在时的具体用法:
    1. 表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用。    
    e.g.  I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. 
    2. 表示客观事实和普遍真理。    
    e.g.  The earth moves around the sun.
    3. 表示现在发生的具体动作或存在的状态 
    e.g. He lives in Beijing now.
    4. 习惯性的爱好或行为
    e.g. I like dancing while she likes singing.
    5. 表示预先计划或安排好的行为。 
    e.g.  Our class begins at 7:45.
    6. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时。 
    e.g.  If you come, we will wait for you.
    7. 表示格言或警句中。 
    e.g.  Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 
    8.表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态。 
    e.g. I don't want so much. 
    Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
    比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 
      I am doing my homework now.
    9.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时。 
    10.小说故事用一般现在时代替一般过去时。新闻报道类的内容,为了体现其“新鲜”性,也用一般现在时来表示过去发生的事情。 
    11.有些表示状态和感觉的动词表示现在发生的具体行为时,只用一般现在时,而不用进行时态。 
    注意★:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 
    例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。

  • 一般现在时与现在进行时的区别:
    一、两种时态的主要含义:
    一般现在时
    1.表示事物的本质特性或客观存在,没有时限性。
    The table ____ soft。(feels) 表特性特征。
    Japan ___ in the east of China。 (lives) 表客观事实
    2.现阶段经常性、习惯性的行为,可带频率时间。
    The shop closes at 7:30 p.m.
    Father doesn’t smoke. (习惯)
    3.表说话时的状态,感觉或结果,一般用状态动词,如:
    It doesn’t matter. Does it hurt? (感觉结果)
    4.特殊用法:
    -在条件、时间、让步从句中用现在时代替将来。
    -If you go there,I’ll help you.
    —用在begin,come,go,leave,return,open,close 等短暂谓语动词表规定计划。
    The plane takes off at 11:30. (不受主观支配的计划)
    -在剧本、解说、标题或there(here)开头的句中表进行
    There goes the bell/Here comes Mr.Wang.
    I declare the meeting opens.(正在宣布)
    He meets the ball and hits back to No.2 (正在发生)

    现在进行时
    1.说话时正在发生,进行的动作
    Look! Dark clouds are gathering . (正在发生)
    2.表现阶段正在进行,但此刻不一定正在进行的事。
    He usually gets up at 6:00,but this week he is getting up at 7:00.
    (现阶段正在进行,但说话时不一定在起床)
    3.现在进行时的特殊意义
    -表示主观打算常用于 go,come,leave,start,begin 等,位移、趋向动词。
    How long are you staying here (准备停留)
    -表示眼前刚过去的语意即“话音刚落”,适用于tell,say,talk,discuss
    You don’t believe it You know I’m telling the truth.
    -表示安慰、关心、喜欢、讨厌等感情色彩。
    He is always making noises in class. (讨厌)
    -在条件、时间、让步状语从句中表示将来正在进行。
    Don’t bother him if he is reading this time tomorrow.

    二、严格区分进行时与一般时的语义
    1. 持续动词的一般时表持续情况,经常性,习惯性行为或客观存在的事实,进行时表暂时性或有限时刻的持续。
    2.短暂动词的一般时叙述事实,特征,能力而短暂动作进行时描述反复发生,即将发生或刚开始行为。
    3.短暂动词和静态动词一般时表示实际情况客观状态、结果、特征、特性,进行时表未完成含开始或渐进之意。
    The bus stops. (车停了-事实)
    The bus is stopping. (渐渐停下来)
    I love the job. (静态事实)
    I am loving the job. ( 渐渐爱上了)
    4.come,go,leave,start,return,move,reach,sail,fall 等一般时态表客观规定计划,进行时表主观打算推测。
    Flight 254 leaves at 5:30. (表主观打算)
    The plane is taking off an hour later.(主观判断)
    5.现在进行时带always,often,usually,sometimes,等频率副词表感情色彩,一般现在时则没有此用法。

  • 一般现在时的句子转换:
    (1)当句子中有be动词或情态动词时,则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句.
    例:
    ①陈述句:She is a student.
    疑问句→ Is she a student?
    否定句→ She is not a student.
    ②陈述句:I can swim.
    疑问句→ Can you swim
    否定句→ I can not swim.

    (2)当句子中即没有be动词,也没有情态动词时,则在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数),does(单数she,he,it)变成问句;
    在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t(I,you,以及复数), doesn’t(单数she,he,it)变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。
    例:
    ①陈述句:We get up at 7:00 every morning.
    疑问句→Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?
    否定句→We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning.
    ②陈述句:She has a little brother.
    疑问句→ Does she have a little brother?
    否定句→ She doesn’t have a little brother.

    一般现在时的表达方法:
    主要通过谓语动词的变化和用时间词语来表示,其中最主要的是谓语动词的变化。现在一般时动词变化的规则是:
    1.如果主语是名词复数和第一人称I、 we ,谓语动词不用做任何变化,即仍然用动词原形表示:
    We usually go to school at 7:30. 我们通常7:30上学去。[go]
    My parents give ten yuan to my sister every week.我父母每星期给我妹妹十元钱。[give]

    2.主语是任何一个单数名词或者是第三人称单数,谓语动词要进行必要的变化。特别提一点:不可数名词也算作单数处理。

    3.谓语动词的变化规律是:
    第三人称单数的构成见下表:

    词<?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

    构成

    举例

    一般情况

    词尾+s

    动词原形

    第三人称单数

    work(工作)
    stop(
    停止)

    works
    stops

    -ch, -sh, s, x, o结尾

    词尾+es

    teach()
    wash(
    )
    dress(
    装扮)
    fix(
    安装)
    go(
    )

    teaches
    washes
    dresses
    fixes
    goes

    辅音字母+y”结尾

    yi,再加es

    fly(飞翔)
    try(
    尝试)

    flies
    tries

    特殊变化的词:
    be (是) - am,is,are
    I am
    she/he/it,名词单数都用 is
    we,you,they,名词复数都用are
    have (有) - have,has
    I,we,you,they,名词复数都用have
    she/he/it is,名词单数都用 has

    助动词,不论单复数、不论什么人称都没有变化,都用 can,may,must,need,ought to 等。
    而且,句子中有了助动词,谓语动词就不需要有任何变化了,即用动词原形表示。例:
    We have six classes every day. 我们每天上六节课。
    I often get up at 6:30. 我经常6:30起床。
    Jack likes Chinese food very much.杰克很喜欢中国饮食。
    We can see some pictures on the wall. 我们能看到墙上的画。

    4.一般现在时常用的时间词语
    常用于一般现在时的词语有 sometimes/usually/often/every day(week,year)/ now/always 等。
    这些时间词语只是辅助作用,这些词语也可用于其它的时态,所以谓语动词变化才是最关键的。
    注意:当表现强烈的感情色彩时,尽管有如 always/never/seldom 等频率副词,但一般在频率副词前加上be动词,后面变为动词的现在分词形式。
    例:My father lose his key again. He is always losing his key.

  • 一般现在时的基本结构:


    一般现在时中当主语为第三人称单数的时,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式。

考点名称:一般过去时

  • 一般过去时:
    表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
    基本结构:
    主语+动词过去式+其他;
    否定形式①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词;
    一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。

  • 一般过去时句法结构:
    肯定形式
    主语+动词过去式+其他
    例句:She often came to help us in those days.
    否定形式
    ①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词
    例句:I didn't know you like coffee
    一般疑问句
    ①Did+主语+do+其他? ②Was\Were+主语+表语?
    例句:Did I do that?
    用表格整理如下:
    肯定式 疑问式 否定式 疑问否定式
    Iworked Did I work? I did not work Did I not work?
    He(She,It) worked Did he(she,it) work? He(she,it) did not work Did he(she,it) notwork?
    We worked Did we work? We did not work Did we not work?
    You worked Did you work? You did not work Did you not work?
    They worked Did they work? They did not work Did they not work?
    记忆口诀:
    一般过去时并不难,过去动作、状态记心间。
    动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。
    否定句很简单,didn't 站在动原前,其它部分不要变。
    一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动原、其它部分依次站。
    特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。
    最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记!

    一般过去时中动词过去式变化规则:

    构成

    举例

    一般情况

    词尾+ed

    动词原形

    过去式和过去分词

    look
    talk

    looked
    talked

    以不发音字母e结尾

    词尾+d

    like
    arrive

    liked
    arrived

    以“辅以字母+y”结尾

    变y为i,再加ed

    fly
    study

    flied
    studied

    以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母

    双写词尾+ed

    stop
    plan

    stopped
    planned 


    结构句型:

    1.一般句子
    I watched TV last night.
    2.一般疑问句
    Did you watch TV last night?
    3.there be 句型
    There was an apple on the table last night.
    Was there an apple on the table last night

  • 一般过去时注意事项:
    1.注意主句与从句中时态的一致性
    如果主句用了过去时,从句中一般也要用过去式,或者过去进行时、过去完成时等。例如:
    He believed that he was right. 他相信自己是对的。
    I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。
    I thought they were with you. 我以为他们和你在一起。

    2.在口语中, 一般过去时并不一定指真正的过去,而只是表示一种礼貌性语气。例如:
    I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favor. 不知你可否帮我一个忙。
    I wanted (want) to ask if I could borrow your car. 我想问问可否借用你的车。
    I hoped (hope) you could (can) give me some advice. 我希望你能帮我出点主意。
    Did (Do) you want to see me? 你想见我吗?

    3.used to
    used to 是一个词组,表示“过去曾经是……而现在已经停止了”的动作。例如:
    I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。(而现在不这样了)
    I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(而现在不在早晨散步了)

  • 一般过去式用法:
    (1)一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。
    一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去的事情。
    句式:主语+动词过去式+宾语+其它
    I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟茱莉雅说了几句话。
    He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了。

    (2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:
    yesterday,last week ,in  the  past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等.
    (句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响)。
    Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗?(你现在不饿吗?)
    Yes,I have. 是的,我已经吃过了。(已经吃饱了,不想再吃了。)
    When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的?(关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。)
    I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大约是十分钟以前吃的。)
    Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。
    I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。
    I ate it at 6:45。我在六点四十五分吃了。

    (3)带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时。如:
    yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(两天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前几天)、
    once upon a time(很久以前)、 just now(刚才)、in the old days(过去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前…)、
    When I was 8 years old(当我八岁时…)、at+一个时间点
    Did you have a party the other day?前几天,你们开了晚会了吗?
    Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷锋是个好战士。
    注:在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。

    (4)表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时。这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。
    The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.
    那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。

    (5)表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always,never等连用。
    Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。
    (只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)
    比较:
    Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。
    (说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)
    Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。
    (表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦)
    I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。
    (不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)

    (6)如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do(过去常常做,而现在不那样做了)
    He used to drink alcohol.他过去喝酒。
    (意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)
    I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。
    (意味着现在不在早晨散步了)
    比较:
    I took a walk in the morning.我曾经在早晨散过步。
    (只是说明过去这一动作)

    (7)有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时。
    I didn''t know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。
    (因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.)
    I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。
    (这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)

  • 一般过去时三变技巧:
    一变:肯定句变为否定句
    技巧1.当句中含有情态动词或助动词could,would,should等时,可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如:
    I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.
    技巧2.当句中含有系动词was,were 时,可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如:
    I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me.
    技巧3.当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在该动词之前加did not / didn't,动词还原,构成否定句。例如:
    The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.

    二变:陈述句变为一般疑问句
    技巧1.移动词语的位置。将was,were, could,would,should等移到句首。例如:
    He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?
    技巧2.添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在主语之前加did,动词还原。例如:
    Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old?

    三变:陈述句变为特殊疑问句
    技巧1.确定疑问词:人who / whom,物what,地点where,时间when / what time,原因why,频率how often,长度how long,距离how far等等。例如:
    They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert?
    技巧2.辨认结构形式:疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+...? 例如:
    The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen?

考点名称:现在进行时

  • 现在进行时:
    表示现在或当前一段时间正在进行的动作。可以表示有计划的未来,也就是用现在进行时表示将来。
    现在进行时的构成是:
    主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式
    例如:He is writing on the desk.

  • 现在进行时的构成:
    主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式
    第一人称单数I+am+ing.
    第一人称复数We+are+ing.
    第二人称单(复)数 You+are+ing
    第三人称单数 He(She,it)+is+ing
    第三人称复数 They+are+ing
    肯定句:主语+be(is/am/are)+现在分词
    否定句:主语+be(is/am/are)+not+现在分词
    一般疑问句:be(is/am/are)+主语+现在分词
    特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+相应be动词+主语+现在分词+Sth?
    间接引语中改为过去进行时。

    变化规则:
    1.直接+ ing(例:sleep+ing 变sleeping)
    2.去掉不发音的e+ing(例:bite-e+ing 变biting)
    3.重读闭音节,以辅音字母加元音字母加辅音字母结尾的词,要双写尾字母再加ing(例:swim+m+ing=swimming)
    4.以ie结尾的重读闭音节,变ie为y+ing (例:die-dying lie-lying)
    5结尾为c且c读作/k/时,在结尾加k再加ing,如picnic-picnicking

  • 现在进行时与一般现在时的区别:
    (一)现在进行时表示动作的暂时性,而一般现在时表示动作的习惯性和经常性
    I am watching TV now. (暂时性)
    I watch TV every day. (经常性)
    (二)现在进行时可表示短暂性动作,而一般现在时表示长久性动作。
    Lucy is living in Beijing.(短时间居住)
    Lucy lives in Beijing. (长久性居住)
    (三)现在进行时表示的动作可带有感情色彩,而一般现在时所表述的动作通常是事实。
    You’re always forgetting the most important things. (责备)
    He is always helping others. (赞扬)
    He often helps others. (事实)
    (四)有些动词不能用进行时,know, understand, love, like, hate, wish, want, think, hope, have, believe, agree, hear, see, notice,等等。
    这些动词通常用一般现在时表示说话时发生的动作。
    I have a lot of friends here.
    She wants to buy a new bike.

    现在进行时用法注意:
    1.进行时中,并不是所有的动词都要使用正在进行时。
    例如一些表示状态和感觉的动词,一般不用进行时态,而是用现在一般时表示。
    这些动词往往是等表示情感状态、知觉认识、愿望或短暂性的动词。
    例如:see(明白),know, want, like, hear, have(有), think, hope, hate等。
    I hear someone singing. 我正听见有人唱歌。
    Do you see anyone over there? 你看到那里有什么人吗?
    What does he think of it? 他觉得这怎么样?
    如果这些词使用正在进行时态,句子带有某种感情色彩。例如:
    Are you seeing someone off? 你在给谁送行吗?
    They are hearing an English talk. 他们在听一个英语报告。

    2.现在进行时还有另外一种含义,即它们能表达即将发生的事情,相当于一般将来时。
    有些动词从结构来看是现在进行时,但却是表示将要发生的事,而不表示动作现在正在进行。
    这些动词往往是一些表示位置移动变化的动词:arrive, come, do, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, return, see, spend, start, stay, wear, work等。
    We are leaving on Friday。我们星期五出发。
    Are you going anywhere tomorrow?你明天准备去哪儿?
    A foreign guest is giving a lecture this afternoon。今天下午一个外国客人将给我们作报告。
    Are you staying here till next week? 你打算在这里呆到下个星期吗?
    在表示将来的情况下,特别是be going to do sth. 这种结构,已经没有多少“去”的意思了,几乎就是用来表达“将要、打算”做什么事情。例如:
    It is going to be rather cold tomorrow。明天很可能非常冷。
    She is not going to speak at the meeting。她不打算在那个会上发言。

    3.当其与always、forever、continually、constantly 等副词连用时表示重复的动作,而这种动作可能使人不满,厌倦或满意。例如:
    ①She is perpetually interfering in my affairs.她老是干预我的事。 (不满)
    ②The students are making progress constantly.学生们在不断进步。 (满意)

    4.在时间、条件状语从句中,有时可用现在进行时代替一般将来时。
    When you are passing my way,please drop in.
    你什么时候路过我家,请进来坐。

  • 现在进行时的用法:
    A表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。
    例:We are waiting for you.
    B. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作,说话时未必正在进行。
    例:Mr. Green is writing another novel.
    (说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
    例:She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
    C.已经确定或安排好的但不确定会不会发生的将来活动。
    I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(我下周要去尼泊尔旅行)
    We're flying to Paris tomorrow.(我们明天乘飞机去巴黎)现在进行时的应用
    D .些非持续性动词的进行时可以表示动作即将进行或发生,或表示动作的重复。
       例如:He is joining the army.
    E.当现在进行时中有always, forever, constantly, continually修饰时,表示说话人的
       赞赏或厌烦的情绪。
       例如:They are always helping us.
    注意:表示状态、感觉、心理活动的静态动词时,一般不使用进行时态。
    F.子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:
    They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。
    G.ook, listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:
    Listen!She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。
    H.当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有this week, these days等时间状语,这时常用现在进行时。如:
    We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。
    I.图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如:
    Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝。

考点名称:过去进行时

  • 过去进行时:
    表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。其形式为was/were+V-ing。
    常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:
    last night,last Saturday等;
    或者与when,while,as引导的过去时间状语连用。

  • 过去进行时的结构:
    1. 过去进行时由“主语+was/were + 现在分词”构成
    eg: We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。
    2. 过去进行时的否定式由“主语+was/were not +现在分词”构成
    eg: This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候,杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车。
    3. 过去进行时的疑问式由“was/were +主语+ 现在分词”组成
    eg: Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 你们在干什么昨天下午的时间啊  回答我啊?

  • 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别:
    一、二者概念理解
    一般过去时叙述旧事,过去进行时描述背景。
    A、一般过去时
    1.过去状态、动作或事件
    He went to Beijing the other day.(带具体时间)
    2.过去的习惯
    a would ,used to与过去时
    would 表间断性不规则的习惯,常带频率时间
    used to 表一贯性有规律的习惯
    They used to meet and would sometimes exchange one or two words.
    He smoked a lot two years ago. (过去行为)
    bWould 用于文中不用于句首,只表过去习惯。
    Used to 表今昔对比的含义,叙述习惯动作可与would 换用。
    When he was a boy , he would often go there . (叙述过去)
    She isn't what she used to be. (今昔对比)
    c 表示状态时一般只用used to
    Tom used to be fat /There used to stand a tree there. (状态)
    dwas (were) used to +ving表示“合适于,适应于…..”
    He used to work at night . (“习惯”表经常)
    He was used to working at night. (习惯表适应)
    3.过去的经历,平行动作,依此事件用一般过去时。
    He sat there and listened to the radio.(依此发生)
    4.客气委婉的语气,用于情态动词,助动词和want , wonder , hope 等
    How did you like the film? / Could you help me?

    B. 过去进行时
    1.在过去某阶段或某一时刻正在发生
    What were you doing at 8:30 last night? (过去某时刻正在发生)
    2.性动词用过去进行时表示按计划、打算
    During that time he was going with us.(表示打算)
    3.lways ,often ,usually 等连用表喜爱,讨厌等感情色彩。
    He was always Changing his mind.

    二、区别
    A. 进行时表某一行为的“片断”一般时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。
    I was reading the book at that time. (未读完,“读”的片段)
    I read the book yesterday. (已读完,表整个“读”)
    B、一般持续时间状语多与进行时连用
    It was raining all night.(优先用was raining ,rained 为持续动词,故也可使用)
    He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暂动词与持续时间连用,表反复,连续发生,不可用一般过去时)
    C、while 时间状语从句中用短暂动词时只能用进行时。
    例:He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down.
    D、While 所在主从句动作大致持续相等时主从句一般都用进行时,但若是持续动词可都用一般过去时,两个动作一长一短时短的用一般时,长的用进行时。
    I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.(平行)
    I cooked the dinner while he played the piano.
    I saw him while I was walking to the station.

  • 过去进行时的基本用法:
    过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。如:
    He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。   
    2. 用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。如:
    I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。   
    【注】一般过去时也有类似用法,但比较而言,用过去进行时显得更客气,更不肯定。   
    3. 过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、 
    厌恶等感情色彩,也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。如:
    They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。   
    4. 动词be的过去进行时动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。   
    比较:He was friendly. 他很友好。(指过去长期如此)   
       He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现)

    特殊用法

    1、当句子意思很清楚时,我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时
    We listened carefully when the teacher read the text. 老师读课文时,我们都仔细地听着。
    2、表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。
    用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置转移的动词时,也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。
    如:He told me that he was going soon. 他告诉我他很快就要走了。
    3、表示故事发生的背景。
    It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.
    那支医疗小组往前线行进时,天正下着雪。
    4、表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。
    过去进行时可用来引出一个新的动作,这种用法颇有点儿像镜头转换。
    Five minutes later,he stood in the doorway smoking a cigarette.
    5分钟后,他已站在门口抽着烟。
    5、过去进行时还可和when结构遥相呼应,含有意外之意。
    I was walking in the street when someone called me.
    我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
    6、用来陈述原因或用作借口。
    She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.
    她昨天去看病了。她患了很严重的心脏病。
    7、与always,constantly等词连用,表示感情色彩。
    The girl was always changing her mind.
    这女孩老是改变主意。



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