用所给单词的适当形式填空1. Mary is only four years old, but she can (speak) English.2. (arrive not) late for class.3. Does Tom(have) to(finish) his homework-七年级英语
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题文
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Mary is only four years old, but she can(speak) English. 2. (arrive not) late for class. 3. Does Tom (have) to (finish) his homework by five? 4. She practices (play) the piano every day. 5. There are many(rule) in our school.
据专家权威分析,试题“用所给单词的适当形式填空1. Mary is only four years old, but..”主要考查你对 祈使句,可数名词(单数名词,复数名词),实义动词,不定式,分词 等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
祈使句可数名词(单数名词,复数名词)实义动词不定式分词
考点名称:祈使句
祈使句: 表示请求或命令的句子是祈使句。祈使句一般用降调,为使祈使句听起来比较婉转,可用低声调,祈使句句末用句号或感叹号。 每种类型又有肯定形式和 祈使句的组成 ①动词原形+其他 ②Please+动词原形+其他 ③否定形式:don‘t+动词原形,用don’t否定时,只能用其缩略形式。 例如: Welcome to Beijing Park. Walk about three blocks. Don’t mention it.
2. 表命令 Put up your hands. 举手。 Fill in this form. 把这个表填好。
3. 表建议 Let’s have dinner together. 我们共进晚餐吧。
4. 表邀请 Come in and have a seat. 进来请坐。 Help yourself to some fruits. 请吃水果。
5. 表警告 Hurry up or you will be late.抓紧点,不然你要迟到了。 Do that again and you”ll be in trouble.要是再干那事,你会有麻烦的。
6. 表禁止 Don’t touch the exhibits.不要触摸展品。 Don’t play on the road.不要在马路上玩耍。
7. 表叮嘱 Be sure to get there before nine. 务必在九点前赶到那里。 Take care not to catch cold. 小心别着凉了。
8. 表号召 Workers of all countries, unite! 全世界工人阶级联合起来!
9. 表祝愿 Have a good trip. 祝你旅途愉快。
祈使句有三种类型: 一、含第二人称主语的祈使句 1. 当祈使的对象是第二人称you时称为含第二人称主语的祈使句。 这时,主语you通常不出现在句中,谓语动词用原形。 有时在句首或句末加please,还可加上称呼语,用逗号与句子主体隔开。如: Please be quiet, boys! 孩子们,请安静! Come this way, please. 请走这边。 如要加强语气,可在动词前加do。如: Do keep away from the fire! 切记远离火种! 2. 否定式在谓语动词前加Don’t或Do not,强调否定式则在动词前加Never。如: Don’t alway make the same mistake. 不要老犯同一个错误。 Never be late again. 千万别再迟到了。 3. 有时,为了强调指明向谁提出要求或发出命令,或表达说话人的急躁、厌烦、不满、恼怒的情绪,就用主语you表示,且放在动词前。如: You come here! 你到这里来! You mind your head! 小心别碰到头了! 若为否定式,则把Don’t放在主语you之前。如: Don’t you come here! 你别来这里!
二、含第一、第三人称主语的祈使句 1. 含第一或第三人称主语的祈使句通常以Let开头, 第一人称由“Let + me / us +动词原形”构成, 第三人称由“Let + 第三人称代词(用宾格)或名词+动词原形”构成。 这类祈使句往往用于提出建议。如: Let me have a try if you don’t want to. 如果你不想,就让我试一试吧。 Let’s spend this weekend in the country. 咱们到乡下去度这个周末吧。 Let him be here by ten o’clock. 叫他10点到这里吧。 有时也可以先称呼对方的名字,,后跟一句无人称主语的祈使句。如: Jane, sit down please. 简,请坐下。 Mum, remember to bring me an umbrella. 妈妈,记得给我带把伞。 2. 这类祈使句的否定式是在动词原形前加not,也可以在let前加Don’t。如: Let’s not wast our time about it. 我们不要为了这件事而浪费时间。 Don’t let us wait here. 别让我们在这儿等。 Don’t let him go out. 别让他出去。
三、无动词祈使句 在请求、命令和口号中,常用无动词祈使句,它实际上是省略了动词,从而使语句更简洁或有力。如: Just a minute, please! 请稍等! This way, please! 请这边走! Attention! 立正! Up the stairs! 上楼! To the playground, everyone of you! 到操场上去,你们每个人都得去! 在一些指示牌上,常用“No +动名词/名词”构成简略式的否定祈使句。如: No smoking! 禁止抽烟! No parking! 禁止停车! No photos! 禁止拍照! 还有一些是祝词类的无动词祈使句,如: May you succeed!祝你成功! Long live our friendship!我们的友谊万岁!
对特定的人使用的祈使句: 祈使句如Wait here! (在这儿等着!) 可以是对一个人说,也可以是对几个人说,其主语暗含you。 但我们却可以用下列方式引起我们说话的对象的注意: ■You+祈使语气动词 You wait here for a moment. 你在这儿等一会儿。 语调和重音很重要。在上面这一句里,如果不重读you,那么句子的意思是this is where you wait (这就是你应等着的地方); 如果重读you,那么句子的意思就是this is what I want you to do (这是我要你做的事)。 此外,重读you时还可以表示愤怒、敌意或不客气。如: You mind your own business! 不关你什么事 You try teaching 40 noisy children five days a week! 你来试试每周5天教40个吵闹的孩子! 在否定句中Don’t要重读 (不重读you)。如: Don’t you speak to me like that! 你别这样跟我讲话!
■“you+人名”或“人名+you” You wait here, Jim, and Mary, you wait there. 你等在这儿,吉姆;玛丽,你等在那儿。
■“祈使语气+人名”或“人名+祈使语气”: Drink up your milk, Sally! 把你的牛奶喝光,萨利! Sally, drink up your milk! 萨利,把你的牛奶喝光!
实意动词使用方法: 及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如: I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。 “How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?” Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。 Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。
不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如: Birds fly.鸟会飞。 It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。 My watch stopped.我的表停了。 She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。
兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况 a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较: Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词) She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词) When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词) They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如: Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。 Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?
英汉实意动词用法比较: 与汉语的比较,有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况: a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,listen听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如: We arrived at the railway station at noon. 我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去) (比较:We reached the railway station at noon.) Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest. 每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去) (比较:We all heard the lecture.) Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)
b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。 Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly. 我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务 用于be动词之后,实义动词之前。
不定式的用法: 1、不定式作主语 例如:To remember this is very important. 注意:为了避免头重脚轻,在许多情况下,通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后部,而在句首主语位置使用形式主语it。 例如:It is very important to remember this. 2、不定式作表语 例如:He seems to be ill. 注意:不定式作表语主要有三种情况,一是用于seem, appear, prove等系动词之后的不 定式(尤其是to be), 二是像My job is to sweep the floor. 这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形, 三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等,如: You are to come when I call. 3、不定式作宾语 例如:I can not afford to buy a car. 注意: ①不定式不仅用作动词的宾语,还可用作个别介词(but, except)的宾语。 例如:I had no choice but to wait. ②当作宾语的不定式后跟有宾语补足语时,通常要用形式宾语it代替不定式,并将真正的宾语不定式置于宾语补足语之后 例如:I find it difficult to learn Japanese well. 4、不定式作宾语补足语 例如:Who taught you to drive? 5、不定式作定语 例如:I have a question to ask you. 注意:有的名词(如way, chance, right等)后用作不定式可换成of doing sth. 如:It is the best way to do (of doing) it. 但是以下名词后接不定式作定语时通常不能换成of doing sth. attempt courage decision effort fortune failure invitation wish 6、不定式作状语 例如:I went to France to learn French.
过去分词构成形式: 1.规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则: (1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。(然而要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式) work---worked---worked , visit---visited---visited (2)、以不发音的“ e ” 结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,try---tried---tried,fry---fried---fried.[1] (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped (5)、以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ed, picnic→picnicked ,traffic→trafficked 2 、不规则动词:见不规则动词表
分词用法: 1、分词作状语 分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。 分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。 当现在分词表示的动作发 生在谓语动词之前时, 则用现在分词的完成式,且所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生, 则用现在分词的一般式。 完成或被动关系用过去分词。 ①现在分词: The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. ②过去分词: Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
2、“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)+分词”结构 现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when, once, although, until, if等连词。 ①现在分词: When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work…… ②过去分词: Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well. Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
3、分词作定语 分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。 现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。 We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund. This is really an exhausting day to all of us! We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day. More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries
4、分词作宾语补足语 现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及 have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补语的成分。 例:I see him passing my house every day. I caught him stealing things in that shop. I smelt something burning.
5、分词作表语 分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。 过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,主语多为人。现在分词表示主语的性质,而且主语多为物; ①过去分词: We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning. She felt confused, and even frightened. ②现在分词: He was very amusing. That book was rather boring. 很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语: exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.