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句型转换,每空一词。1. There is a bank near my house.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) —_________ _________ a bank near your house? —No, ________.2. A park is on-七年级英语

[db:作者]  2020-03-01 00:00:00  互联网

题文

句型转换,每空一词。
1. There is a bank near my house.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
    —_________ _________ a bank near your house?
    —No, ________.
2. A park is on Center Street.(改为同义句)
    _______ _______a park on Center Street.
3. The street is not clean.(改为同义句)
    The street is _______.
4. There are some children in the park.(改为否定句)
    There_______ _______children in the park.
5. The pay phone is near the post office.(就画线部分提问)
    _______ _______the pay phone?
题型:句型转换  难度:中档

答案

1. Is there; there isn't    2. There is    3. dirty    4. aren't any   5. Where is

据专家权威分析,试题“句型转换,每空一词。1. There is a bank near my house.(改为..”主要考查你对  一般疑问句,形容词,疑问副词,系动词,there be 句型  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:

一般疑问句形容词疑问副词系动词there be 句型

考点名称:一般疑问句

  • 一般疑问句:
    是疑问句的一种。通常用yes,no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。口语中若无特殊含义,句末用升调。
    其结构是:系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分? 
    通常回答为:   
    肯定:Yes+主语+提问的助动词   
    否定:No+主语+提问的助动词+not 
    例如:
    Are you from Japan?   Yes, I am./No, I'm not.
    Do you live near your school? Yes, I do./No, I don't. 
    Can you speak French?  Yes, I can./No, I can't.

  • 一般疑问句的特性:
    1.将陈述句变为一般疑问句时,如句中有be 动词(am/ is/ are)时,可直接将它们提至主语前。
    如主语为第一人称,应将其改为第二人称。如:
    I'm in Class 2Grade 1. →Are you in Class 2Grade 1﹖
    We're watching TV. →Are you watching TV﹖
    2.陈述句中有情态动词(can、may、must …)时,也可直接将它们提至主语前,即可成为一般疑问句。如:
    He can swim now. →Can he swim now﹖
    The children may come with us. → May the children come with us﹖
    3.陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时,变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does主语后的实义动词用原形。如:
    I like these animals. →Do you like these animals﹖
    She wants to go to the movies. → Does she want to go to the movies﹖
    4.一般疑问句一般读升调(↑)
    5.一般疑问句有时不用yes或 no 回答。如:
    Are they in town now﹖
    I think so.
    May I sit here﹖
    Certainly.
    Does he like soccer﹖
    Sorry I don't know.
    6. 一般疑问句的第一单词总是虚词,读的时候要读轻声。

  • 陈述句变为一般疑问句技巧:
    根据一般疑问句不同的家族,可以用不同的方法将陈述句变为相应的一般疑问句。
    1、第一家族:含be动词或情态动词的句子
    秘诀:一调二改三问号
    一调:即把句中的be或情态动词调到主语前;
    二改:改换主语称谓,即将句中的主语I\my \mines\we\our\ours等。第一人称分别改为相应的第二人称you\your\ yours等;
    三问号:句末的句号改为问号。如:
    Eg. I am an English teacher.    →    Are you an English teacher?
    Eg. We can speak English fluently.   →    Can you speak English fluently?

    2、第二家族:含行为动词(或称为实义动词)的句子
    秘诀:一加二改三问号
    一加:即在句首加助动词Do或Does;
    二改:1、把谓语动词改为原形;2、改换主语称谓(同第一家组);
    三问号:句末的句号改为问号。
    Eg. We read English every morning. → Do you read English every morning?
    Eg. Tom’s father listens to English on the radio every evening. →Does Tom’s father listen to English on the radio every evening?
    特别注意:对于第二家族一定要注意动词的还原,因为时态与数的变化已经体现在助动词上了。

    3、加强记忆口诀:
    肯变一,并不难,can 或be提在前;
    谓语若为行为动,do 或does句首用。

考点名称:形容词

  • 形容词
    简称adj.或a,形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏与否,形容词在句中作定语,表语,宾语补足语。
    她是一个好学生,她学习努力。She is a good student, and she works hard.
    这辆自行车很贵。This bike is expensive.
    对不起,我现在很忙。I am sorry, I'm busy now.
    你为这次会议做好准备了吗? Have you got everything ready for the meeting?

  • 形容词的语法功能:
    一、作定语
    He is the greatest writer alive.他是依然健在的伟大的作家。
    Somewone else has done it.别人已经做了这事。
    二、作补语
    形容词做主语补足语和宾语补足语时,可以表示其现状、状态,也可以表示某一动作的结果,并常用在表示“认为,看待”的动词如believe,prove,consider等候。例如:
    The news made her sad.这消息使他感到非常悲伤。
    Don't marry young.不要早婚。
    三、作状语
    形容词或形容词短语可作状语,形容词作状语时,可以看作是“being+形容词”结构的省略,可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、强调或伴随状况等意义。例如:
    Enthusiastic,they are co-operative.热心的时候他们是很合作的。
    Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems.不管是穷人还是富人,不管是年轻人还是老人,我们都有问题。
    四、做表语
    The ship was adrift on unknown seas.那艘船在陌生的海域漂流。
    五、做主语
    Old and young joined the discussion.
    Rich or poor meant the same to him.作感叹语
    Very good!Say it again.
    Stupid!He must be crasy.

  • 形容词的几个特殊用法:
    most 同形容词连用而不用 the, 表示 " 极,很,非常, 十分"。
    It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。
    I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了这件事,太难了。

    "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..." 表示 " 越... 就越..."。
    The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。
    The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。
    The more, the better. 越多越好。

    " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。
    It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了.
    It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。
    The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。
    The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。

    主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。
    This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。
    This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。
     I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。

    the + 形容词 表示某种人。
    He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。
    I like to have a talk with the young. 我喜欢同年轻人谈话。
    The rich sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。
    The police led the old man across the street. 警察领老人横过马路。

    以-ly结尾的形容词
    1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,brotherly,仍为形容词。
    改错:(错) She sang lovely.             (错) He spoke to me very friendly.
       (对) Her singing was lovely.  (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
    2)有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词,也为副词。
    daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early
    The Times is a daily paper.
    The Times is published daily.

    too+adj.+to句型   “太…而不能”
      He is too young to go to school.
     =He isn’t old enough to go to school.
     =He is so young that he can’t go to school.

  • 形容词的位置:
    1.形容词一般放在名词前作定语?  
    单个形容词修饰名词时,一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。例如:?  
    a red flower一朵红花?
    an interesting story一个有趣的故事?  
    six blind men 六个盲人?
    my own house我自己的房子?
    如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定,越密切的形容词越靠近名词。
    如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面,音节多的形容词放在后面。  
    2.当形容词所修饰的词是由some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时,形容词必须置于名词之后。例如:?  
        She has something new to tell me.?她有一些新的情况告诉我。?  
        I have nothing important to do today.?今天我没有重要的工作要做。?  
        Do you know anybody else here??这儿你还有认识的人吗??  
    3.形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时,形容词必须置于名词之后。例如:?  
        It is a problem difficult to work out.?这是一道难以解决的问题。?  
        Edison is a student difficult to teach.?爱迪生是个很难教的学生。?  
        This is a kind of flowers easy to grow.?这是一种易栽的花。?  
    4.用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。例如:?  
        All people,young or old,should be strict with themselves.?  
        所有的人,无论老少,都应该严格要求自己。?  
        We are building a new school, modern and super.?  
        我们正在建一所现代化的高档次的新型学校。?  
        All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的国家,无论穷富都应该互相帮助。?  
    5.有少数形容词,如enough和possible,既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如:?   
    Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare?你有足够的时间做准备吗??   
    Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或许它将成为一次可能的机遇。
    6.有些形容词,置于名词之前与之后,含义不尽相同。例如:?  
    the writer present 出席的作者?  
    the present writer 现在的作者?
    7.表示长,宽,高,深,及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。
    This river is about 100 metres wide.
    The building is more than 50 metres tall.
     He is less than 40 years old.
    8. enough修饰名词时,在名词前后都可以。
    They said that they had enough food.= They said that they had food enough.
     enough 修饰形容词和副词,位于其后。
     He is old enough to join the army.
     He isn’t old enough to go to school.
    9.形容词else通常放在疑问代词,疑问副词或不定代词后
     what/who/where/when/when else
     something/anything/nothing…else
     What else did you do?
     Do you have anything else to say?
    10.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。
    This is the book easy to read.
    这是一本容易读的书。

  • 形容词知识拓展:
    名词化的形容词:
    有些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或事物,这时,它相当于一个名词,可作主语或宾语;
    表示一类人时,看作复数,表示一类事物时,通常看作单数。
    Robin Hooh(罗宾汉) hated the rich and loved the poor.
    The old are taken good  care of in American.
    the+形容词,常见的短语有:
    the old/the young/the sick/the white/
    the black/the rich/the poor/the dead(死者)

    形似副词的形容词:
    以-ly结尾的词通常是副词,但是下列词为形容词。
    friendly  lonely (孤独的) ;lively (活着的);lovely(可爱的)

    复合形容词的类型:
    (1)名词+过去分词  man-made satellite 人造卫星
    (2)形容词+现在分词  a good-looking man
    (3)形容词+名词  second-hand cars
    (4)数词+名词-ed   three-legged chairs三条腿的椅子
    (5)数词+名词  400- metre race
    (6)副词+现在分词  hard-working students
    (7)副词+过去分词  well-known writers
    (8)形容词+形容词  a dark-red jacket
    (9)形容词+过去分词  ready-made clothes 成品服装

    含有形容词的常用句型:
    (1) It’s+adj. of sb. to do sth.
    (good/ kind/nice/polite/clever/foolish… )
    It’s very kind of you to help me.
    (2) It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.
    (difficult/easy/hard/dangerous/usefulinteresting/important…)
    It’s important for us to learn English well.
    (3)下列形容词后常跟动词不定式
     表示情感或情绪的形容词:glad,pleased,sorry,sad,afraid,thankful…
     I'm glad to see you.
    表示能力,意志或推测的形容词:ready,able,sure,certain…
     I’m sorry to hear that.

    某些现在分词和过去分词可作形容词
    the moving story 令人感动的故事
    a moved boy   一个被感动的男孩
    a frightened child 一个被吓到的孩子
    a frightening film 一个恐怖电影

考点名称:疑问副词

  • 疑问副词:
    用来引导特殊疑问句,表示时间,地点,方式,原因等。
    常见的有:when,where,how,why等。

  • 疑问副词的用法:
    1.疑问副词是问何时、何地、如何、因何的副词,主要有when, where, how, why。

    2.疑问副词用在句首。
    How long have you been staying in America?
    你在美国待多久了?

    3.疑问副词在句中引导名词子句。
    I want to know where she has gone.
    我想知道她去哪里了。

    4.疑问副词后接不定词构成的名词片语,在句中可以作主词、受词或主词补语。
    How to solve the problem gives him a bad headache.
    如何解决这个问题使他伤透脑筋。
    (How to solve the problem作主词。)
    I don't know how to answer the question.
    我不知道如何回答这个问题。
    (how to answer the question作受词。)
    The patient is in urgent need the medicine, but the problem is where to get it.
    这个病人急需这种药,但问题是哪里能找到。
    (where to get it作主词补语。)

    5.疑问副词引导的名词子句可作主词、受词或主词补语。
    When we are to start the competition hasn't fixed yet.
    我们什么时候开始比赛还没有定下来。
    (When we are to start the competition作主词。)
    She asked her husband where he had been.
    她问她丈夫去哪里了。
    (where he had been 作受词。)
    The question is when we can finish our work.
    问题是我们何时能完成我们的工作。
    (when we can finish our work作主词补语。)

  • 疑问代词与疑问副词的区别:
    1. 疑问代词做对陈述句的主语,宾语或定语提问,即做句子的主语,宾语或定语,如what, who/ whom, whose.
    eg. Who is talking ? What can you see?
    Whose shirt is this?
    2.疑问副词对时间,地点,方式等状语提问,如when, where, how 等.
    eg. When is your birthday? Where are you going?
    How do you know?
    常见的疑问代词:what  who  which  whom(只做宾语)
    疑问副词:how  where  when
    还有whether是疑问连接词。

考点名称:系动词

  • 系动词
    亦称连系动词。作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,亦称补语(形容词),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

  • 系动词的分类:
    1)状态系动词
    用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
    He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
    2)持续系动词
    用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
    He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
    This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
    3)表像系动词
    用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
    He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
    He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
    4)感官系动词
    感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
    This kind of cloth feels very soft.
    这种布手感很软。
    This flower smells very sweet.
    这朵花闻起来很香。
    5)变化系动词
    这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
    例如:
    He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
    She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
    6)终止系动词
    表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:
    The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
    The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
    His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)

  • 系动词使用的注意事项:
    系动词本身有一定的词义,不能单独作谓语,后面必须与表语连用。复习系动词时,必须注意以下几个问题:<?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

    1.be是最重要的系动词,主语不同,be的形式也不同,且有时态的变化。

    a通常表示主语的特征、状态和身份等,后面接形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、v-ing、过去分词及表语从句作表语。

    b特别要注意be+过去分词所构成的系表结构与be+过去分词所构成的被动语态的区别。

    c前者侧重于表示主语的特征或所处的状态,通常没有由by引导的介词短语。

    如:The door was closed.

    后者侧重于强调主语是谓语动词所示动作的承受者,表示动作;句中可以用由by引导的介词短语。如:The door was closed by me.

    d还要注意be+ V-ing所构成的系表结构与be+ V-ing”所构成的进行时态的区别。

    前者侧重于说明主语具有的特征或存在的状态,也可说明主语是什么。如:My job is teaching English.

    后者侧重于强调主语正在做某事。如:Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now.


    2.
    要注意由行为动词转化成的系动词。

    a表示人体感官的系动词有soundtastelookfeelsmell等,后面接形容词;

    b表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态的系动词有becomegetgoturnrungrowcomefallprove等,后面接形容词、名词或 to be+形容词,become后面接单数名词时,名词前要用不定冠词,turn后面接单数名词时,名词前不用不定冠词;

    c表示主语继续或保持某种身份、特征或状态的系动词有continuekeepremainstaystand liereststay等,后面接表示状态的形容词;

    d表示判断的系动词有seemappear,后面接形容词、to be+名词或形容词、that-clause、不定式等。


    3.
    要注意系动词的固定搭配。常见的有come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild, wear thin, turn nasty等。


    4.
    要特别注意某些动词既可以做系动词,又可以做实意动词的用法。

    系动词部分主要注意:
    其后要求接形容词,而不是副词做表语。遇到这种情况,只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者,然后再对后面的词性和词义做出正确判断和选择。
    taste一词为例:

    The newly-invented soft drinking tastes quite unique.
    (这种新研制的软饮料尝起来挺独特的。
    注意:在这句话里,taste做系动词,不能使用进行时,后面接形容词。)

    The chef is tasting the fish carefully.
    (厨师长正在品尝这道鱼。
    注意:在这句话中,taste做实意动词,可以使用进行时,并且后面接副词做状语。)

  • 系动词用法点拨:
    1.系动词的进行时态应分情况讨论。
    一般地说,状态系动词无进行时态,而动态系动词有进行时态。
    但是在某些情况下,状态系动词也有进行时态,表示两个用途:
    一是表示一种短暂的、反常的状态。如:
    He is being kind.(一时而不能持久的性质)他装出和蔼可亲的样子。
    二是表示一种探询口气,使语言客气、生动、亲切。例如:
    I hope you are keeping well.(语气委婉)我希望你保持健康。
    Are you feeling any better?(语气亲切)你感觉好了些吗?
    试比较:
    Your hand feels cold.(无意识的静态性质。)你的手摸起来冰凉。
    不可以说:
    Your hand is feeling cold.(×)
    但可以说:
    The doctor is feeling her pulse.(有意识的动态动作)医生正在给她拿脉。
    The soup tastes good.(静态性质,无进行时)这汤的味道不错。
    The cook is tasting the soup.(动态动作,有进行时)厨师在尝汤的味道。

    总之,系动词有无进行时态应随系动词的意义或其语境变化而变化。
    我们在概述某一动词的进行时态时,不能笼统地说feel,smell无进行时,应指出其意义及其语用环境。
    例如smell的用法可见一斑。
    ①smell作“嗅觉”的能力时,虽是实义动词,但指的是一种性质的存在状态不能用于进行时态,常与can, could, be able to连用。
    The camels can smell the water a mile off.骆驼能嗅出一英里外有水。
    ②指“嗅、闻”的动作时,实义动词,可用于进行时态。
    The girl is smelling the flower.这姑娘正在闻那朵花。
    ③smell指“含有……气味”,“发出……气味”等事物性质时,半系动词,无进行时态。
    The dinner smells good.这饭菜闻起来真香。

    2.系动词的时态与形容词的比较级连用的问题。
    某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用,表示渐进过程,其意思是“越来越……”。例如:
    He is growing taller and taller.他长得越来越高了。
    Our life is getting better and better.我们的生活是越来越好了。
    The things are getting worse.情况是越来越糟了。

    3.所有半系动词的被动语态要分情况讨论。
    英语中某动词在作系动词用时,无被动语态,而作实义动词用时,才有被动语态,二者不可混为一谈。例如:
    不能说:
    The apple is tasted good.
    (因为taste此时是系动词,“尝起来”之意,指的是苹果的性质,无被动语态)
    但我们可以说:
    The apple is tasted by me.这苹果被我尝了一下。
    (taste此时指“尝一尝”这一动作,有被动语态)
    因此,在平时的英语教学和学习之 ,要有意注意半系动词在具体的语言环境中到底是系动词用法还是实义动词用法,要注意区分、识别。

    4.瞬间动态系动词能否与时间段连用的问题
    英语中某些表示瞬间意义的系动词不能与“for+时间段,since+时间点,how long until+时间,by + 时间,so far”等直接连用。例如:
    ①不能说:He has become a teacher for 2 years.
    应改为:He has been a teacher for 2 years.
    ②不能说:He has turned writer since 3 years ago.
    应改为:He has been a writer since 3 years ago.
    或It is three years since he turned writer.
    ③不能说:He got angry until his child came back home.
    应改为:He didn’t get angry until his child came back home.

    5.系动词能接几种表语(从句)
    系动词除了接adj.\n.\prep.短语,某些adv.以外,还可接以下几种表语形式:
    ①能接as if/as though表语从句的系动词有:look(看起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),feel(觉得);appear(显得),seem(似乎)。例如:
    It looks as if we are going to have snow.看样子天要下雪了。
    He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.
    他看来好像刚从我的童话故事中走出来似的。
    She seemed as if (though) she couldn’t understand why Laura was there.
    看来她好像不能理解为什么劳拉呆在那儿。
    It sounds to me as though there’s a tap running somewhere.
    我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音。
    She felt as if her head were splitting.
    她仿佛觉得她的头要裂开了。
    The river appeared as if enveloped in smog.
    那条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。
    It seems as if it were spring already.
    好像已是春天了。
    ②可用于“It+系动词+that从句”结构的有:seem, appear, 不可用be, look。如:
    It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.
    好像他在工作中犯了严重错误。
    It appeared that he was talking to himself.
    好像他在自言自语。
    ③能用不定式作表语的系动词有:be, seem, get, look, appear, prove, grow.
    Her job is to look after the children.
    她的工作是照料孩子们。
    He seems not to look after the children.
    他好像不是她的父亲。
    She looks to be a young girl of twenty year-old.
    她看起来像是一个20岁的年轻姑娘。
    He didn’t appear to dislike it.
    看不出他憎恨此事。
    My advice proved to be wrong.
    我的建议证明是错误的。
    He will grow to like this work gradually.
    他会逐渐喜欢这个工作的。
    ④能与there连用的系动词有:be, appear, seem.
    There appeared to be only one room.
    那儿好像只有一个房间。
    There seems(to be)no need to go.
    似乎没有必要走。

    6.能用两种否定形式的系动词有两个:seem, appear.
    举例说明:
    It doesn’t seem that we can get our money back.= It seems that we can’t get our money back.
    He seems not to be her father.= He doesn’t seem to be her father.
    The baby doesn’t appear to be awake.= The baby appears not to be awake.

    7.后接作表语的过去分词可构成系表结构
    能构成系表结构的系动词通常有两个:第一个是常见的be(is, am, was等);第二个是get,口语中常用。
    当二者作系动词用时,它们均表示一种存在状态,而不表示被动动作;当二者作助动词用时,后接作谓语的过去分词构成被动语态。
    Be + P.P常可以用get + P.P.来代替,但是并不是be系动词总是可以用get来代替。Get + P.P.系表结构常用于以下两种情况:
    1)表示偶然的、突发性的、意想不到的被动动作的结果或状态。
    Last night I got caught in the downpour.昨夜我被雨淋了(表示意想不到)
    The new car got scratched.新车给刮坏了。(表突发性)
    2)表示对自身所作的事。如get dressed, get lost等。
    John got injured while playing football last Saturday.约翰上周星期六踢足球时受了伤。
    They got married last month.他们上个月结婚了。
    另外,要注意区分系表结构与被动语态结构的用法。

考点名称:there be 句型

  • There be句型:
    是一常见的表示“存在”的句型。该结构不表示“存在”意义的现象又广见于书面语及口语,它以否定句的形式出现,用于对某一具体行为和抽象概念的否定。
    There在此结构中是引导词,已经没有副词“那里”的含义。
    There be 后面的名词是句子的主语,属倒装结构;
    1.There be 句型的否定句有两种构成方式,一种是将否定副词not放在be 之后,如:
    There isn’t a box in the room.房间里没有盒子。
    There aren’t any pens on the desk.课桌上没有钢笔。
    There hasn’t been any rain for a week.一周没下雨了。
    There won’t be a meeting today.今天没有会议。
    另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no , 如:
    There is no water in the bottle.瓶子里没有水。
    There are no pictures on the wall.墙上没有图画。
    There will be no one at home tomorrow morning.明天上午不会有人在家。
    There might be no money left。或许没有剩下什么钱。

    2.There be 句型的一般疑问句是将be 放在there 之前,回答时用yes或no,后接简单答语。如:
    Is there a cake on the table?桌子上有块蛋糕吗?
    Yes,there is. / No,there isn’t.是,有。/ 不,没有。
    Will there be a party tonight?今晚有聚会吗?
    Yes,there will./ No, there won’t是的,有。/ 不,没有。
    Have there been any letters from your mother lately?近日你妈妈有信来吗?
    Yes,there have./ No, there haven’t.是,有的。/ 不,没有。

    3.There be 句型的特殊疑问句主要有how many和how much做引导词两种情况:
    How many students are there in your school?你们学校有多少学生?
    How much money is there in your pocket?你口袋里有多少钱?

    4.There be 句型的反意疑问句
    There is a cup on the table, isn’t there?桌子上有只杯子,是吗?
    There is some orange in the glass, isn’t there?杯子里有桔汁,是吗?
    There are a lot of letters in the mailbox, aren’t there?邮筒里有很多信件,是吗?
    There will be a new hospital nearby, won’t there?附近要建一家新医院,是吗?

  • There be句型结构:
    1、There be 句型中的be 应和其后出现的主语在数上一致,即“近主原则”,如:
    There is a lamp on the table.
    There are some apples in the bowl.
    There are five books,two pens and a ruler in the school bag.
    There is a ruler,two pens and five books in the school bag.

    2、如果主语是复数名词,却表示一笔金额或一个总数或表达一个单个概念时,则仍用单数be形式,如:
    There is five hundred dollars to pay.
    There is still another 20 miles to drive.
    There is duck and green vegetables for supper.

    3、There be 中的be 有时可以是lie,stand,used to be,seem to be,appear to be 等,如:
    There lies a river to the south.
    There lived an old man in the small house.
    There stood a temple near the river.
    There used to be a castle at the foot of the hill.

    4、There is(was)+no +动词ing结构相当于It is(was) impossible to +动词原形,如:
    There is no going home. 回家是不可能了。
    There is no living with him. 不能和他同住了。
    There is no knowing what may happen. 不可能知道会发生什么事。

  • 和have的比较:
    1.区别点:there be 意为存在,强调某地有某物,不表示所属关系;have 表示所有关系, 强调某人或某地有某物,这是其基本用法。如:
    There are some trees in front of the house.房前有些树。
    Tom has many friends in China.汤姆在中国有许多朋友。
    2.相同点:在表示结构上的含有时,既可以用there be 句型,也可以用have(has) 来表示。如:
    There are many long rivers in China./China has many long rivers.中国有许多长河。
    How many days are there in March?/How many days has March?三月份有多少天?

    注意:
    There与be中间可插入一些表推测的情态动词、表时态的短语和一些动词短语
    (如和将来时be going to\ will、现在完成时 have\has + pp. 、used to结构等连用,注意其构成形式)。
    例如:
    There must be a pen in the box.
    There happened to be some money in my pocket.
    There is going to be a meeting tonight.
    There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.
    There used to be a church across from the bank.

    There be + 主语 + doing +介词短语. 例如:
    There is a truck collecting rubish outside.
    There is a wallet lying on the ground

  • There be结构中的be动词的确定:
    1. there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,是复数时用are。如:   
       There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。   
       There is some money in the purse. 钱包里有些钱。   
    2. 若句子中有几个并列的主语时,be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。如:   
       There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house.
       房子里有一个男孩,一个女孩和两个妇女。   
       There are ten students and a teacher in the office.
       办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。   
    3. 另外,在陈述句中为了强调地点,也可将介词短语提到句首。如:   
       In the tree there are five birds. 树上有五只鸟。

    There be结构时态:
    1.There be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。
    There is no harm in trying.不妨一试。
    There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring.去年春天,山中有极美的野花。
    There will be a fine day tomorrow.明天将是一个晴天。
    There have been several private schools in our area this year.今年,我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。

    2.There be 句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。
    There may be a cigarette in that box.那只盒子里或许有支香烟。
    There must be some cakes on the table.桌子上一定有些蛋糕。
    There used to be a hospital there before the war.战前,那里曾经有家医院。

    3.There be 句型也可以和这样一些的谓语动词连用:be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to ….
    There seem to be a few trees between me and the green.在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。
    There is gong to be a meeting tonight.今天晚上有个会议。
    There is likely to be a storm.可能有一场暴雨。
    There happened to be a bus nearby.碰巧附近有辆公交车。
    There appears to have been a nasty accident.似乎发生了一起严重事故。

    4.there be 结构中除可以用be 外,还可以用其它动词。例如:
    There came a scent of lime-blossom.飘来一阵菩提树的花香。
    Once upon a time there lived a king in China.从前中国有一个国王。

  • 非谓语动词形式:
    There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。
    1. there being 结构起名词的作用,直接位于句首作主语,通常用it 作形式主语,并且用for引导。
    There being a bus stop near my house is a great advantage.我家旁边有个公共汽车站,很是方便。
    It is impossible for there to be any more.不可能再有了。

    2. there be 结构作宾语时,通常用there to be ,常作这样一些词的宾语:
    expect,like, mean, intend, want,prefer,hate等。
    I expect there to be no argument about this.我期望关于这件事不要再争吵了。
    I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs.我宁愿不要讨论我的私事。
    People don’t want there to be another war.人们不希望再有战争了。
    另外,作介词宾语时,如果是介词for,只能用“there to be”其它介词用“there being”
    The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.老师在等着大家都安静下来。
    I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me.我做梦也没想到我会有好机会。

    3. 作状语的there be 形式,通常用“there being”结构。
    There being nothing else to do ,we went home.因为没有其他事可做,我们就回家了。
    They closed the door ,there being no customers.因为没有顾客,他们的店关门了。



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