(1)设浮力为F,以加速度a=5m/s2下降时有: mg-F=ma ···················(2分) 设匀速下降时系统总质量为m1,则有 m1g-F=0 ···················(3分) 应抛掉沙的质量为: Δm="m-" m1 ···················(2分) 由以上三式代入数据得 Δm=30kg ···················(1分) (2)设以同样大小的加速度上升时系统总质量为m2,则有 F- m2g= m2a ···················(3分) 应抛掉沙的质量为 Δm1=" m-" m2 ···················(2分) 代入数据得 Δm1="40" kg ···················(1分) 本题考查对牛顿第二定律的应用,在热气球加速下降的过程中由重力和浮力的合力提供加速度,由牛顿第二定律可求得此时的浮力大小,抛掉沙之后重力减小,浮力不变,合力向上,能保证热气球向上加速,由牛顿第二定律可求得抛掉的沙的质量 |