KUKA工业机器人编程高级教程 本书特色
《KUKA工业机器人编程高级教程》是为已经能够独立完成KUKA工业机器人基本操作的读者准备的进阶教程,详细介绍了KUKA工业机器人高级编程相关的知识与技能,KUKA工业机器人高级编程作业的每一项具体操作方法,从而使读者对KUKA工业机器人编程应用有一个更高、更全面的认识。为便于读者学习,本书提供随书PPT课件,请联系QQ296447532获取。
《KUKA工业机器人编程高级教程》适合从事KUKA工业机器人应用的编程人员、普通高校以及中高职院校相关专业教师,以及即将毕业的相关专业学生,特别是已经接触了KUKA工业机器人并对KUKA机器人有一定认识的工程技术人员和学生。
KUKA工业机器人编程高级教程 内容简介
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KUKA工业机器人编程高级教程 目录
目 录
前 言
第1章 投入运行模式 .........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 检查机器人数据 ............................................................................................................................................2
1.2 投入运行模式 ................................................................................................................................................2
1.3 零点标定 ........................................................................................................................................................3
1.3.1 零点标定方法 ...........................................................................................................................................4
1.3.2 借助零点标定标记将轴移入预零点标定位置 .......................................................................................5
1.3.3 借助测头将轴移入预零点标定位置 .......................................................................................................6
1.3.4 零点标定LED指示灯 .............................................................................................................................6
1.3.5 使用SEMD进行零点标定......................................................................................................................7
1.3.5.1 进行首次零点标定 ...........................................................................................................................8
1.3.5.2 偏量学习 ...........................................................................................................................................9
1.3.5.3 检查带偏量的负载零点标定 .........................................................................................................10
1.3.5.4 使用千分表进行调整 .....................................................................................................................11
1.3.6 调整附加轴(外部轴) .........................................................................................................................12
1.3.7 参照调整 .................................................................................................................................................13
1.3.8 用MEMD和标记线进行零点标定 ......................................................................................................13
1.3.8.1 将轴A6移动到零点标定位置(用标记线) ..............................................................................14
1.3.8.2 进行首次零点标定(用MEMD) ................................................................................................14
1.3.8.3 偏量学习(用MEMD) ................................................................................................................17
1.3.8.4 检查带偏量的负载零点标定(用MEMD) ................................................................................18
1.3.9 手动删除轴的零点 .................................................................................................................................19
1.3.10 更改软件限位开关 ...............................................................................................................................20
第2章 工具坐标和基坐标 .............................................................................................................................23
2.1 工具坐标(TCP) .......................................................................................................................................24
2.1.1 XYZ 4点法测量TCP ............................................................................................................................25
2.1.2 XYZ参照法测量TCP ...........................................................................................................................28
2.1.3 ABC世界坐标法确定姿态 ...................................................................................................................31
2.1.4 ABC 2点法确定姿态 ............................................................................................................................33
2.1.5 数字输入法 .............................................................................................................................................34
2.2 基坐标系测量 ..............................................................................................................................................35
2.2.1 3点法测定基坐标系 ..............................................................................................................................35
2.2.2 间接法测定基坐标系 ............................................................................................................................38
2.2.3 输入基准数值 .........................................................................................................................................41
2.3 固定工具测量 ..............................................................................................................................................42
2.3.1 测量外部TCP ........................................................................................................................................42
2.3.2 输入外部TCP数值 ...............................................................................................................................442.3.3 直接法测量工件 .....................................................................................................................................45
2.3.4 间接法测量工件 .....................................................................................................................................48
2.4 负载数据 ......................................................................................................................................................52
2.4.1 用KUKA-Load 检测负载 ......................................................................................................................52
2.4.2 用KUKA Load Data Determination 计算负载 .....................................................................................55
2.4.3 在线负载数据检查 .................................................................................................................................63
第3 章 专家界面、结构化编程、KRL 运动编程 ..................................................................................67
3.1 专家界面 ......................................................................................................................................................68
3.1.1 专家用户组的扩展功能 .........................................................................................................................68
3.1.2 借助模板创建程序功能 .........................................................................................................................70
3.1.3 激活专家界面和纠错的操作步骤 .........................................................................................................73
3.2 结构化编程 ..................................................................................................................................................74
3.2.1 注释 .........................................................................................................................................................75
3.2.2 FOLD(折合) ......................................................................................................................................77
3.2.3 子程序 .....................................................................................................................................................78
3.2.4 缩进 .........................................................................................................................................................78
3.2.5 合理命名 .................................................................................................................................................79
3.2.6 创建程序流程图 .....................................................................................................................................79
3.3 用KRL 进行运动编程 ................................................................................................................................80
3.3.1 KRL 运动编程 ........................................................................................................................................80
3.3.1.1 运动方式PTP .................................................................................................................................81
3.3.1.2 运动方式LIN ..................................................................................................................................83
3.3.1.3 运行方式CIRC ...............................................................................................................................84
3.3.1.4 运动参数的功能 .............................................................................................................................86
3.3.1.5 用KRL 给运动编程时的操作步骤 ...............................................................................................90
3.3.2 借助KRL 给相对运动编程 ...................................................................................................................90
3.3.2.1 相对运动PTP_REL ........................................................................................................................91
3.3.2.2 相对运动LIN_RE ..........................................................................................................................92
3.3.2.3 相对运动CIRC_REL .....................................................................................................................93
3.3.2.4 用KRL 给相对运动编程时的操作步骤 .......................................................................................94
3.3.3 计算或操纵机器人位置 .........................................................................................................................94
第4 章 变量和协定 ...........................................................................................................................................97
4.1 KRL 中的数据保存 .....................................................................................................................................98
4.2 简单数据类型 ............................................................................................................................................100
4.2.1 变量的声明 ...........................................................................................................................................100
4.2.2 变量声明的原理 ...................................................................................................................................101
4.2.3 简单数据类型变量声明的操作步骤 ...................................................................................................101
4.2.4 简单数据类型变量的初始化 ...............................................................................................................105
4.2.5 KRL 简单数据类型变量的编程 ..........................................................................................................1074.2.6 变量值的查看 ....................................................................................................................................... 112
4.3 复杂数据类型:Arrays(数组) ............................................................................................................. 113
4.4 复杂数据类型:结构/STRUC ................................................................................................................. 117
4.5 复杂数据类型:枚举数据类型(ENUM) ............................................................................................. 119
4.6 系统数据类型 ............................................................................................................................................120
4.7 变量类型的运用练习 ................................................................................................................................122
4.7.1 具有简单数据类型和计数循环的数组 ...............................................................................................122
4.7.2 用 KRL 创建结构 .................................................................................................................................123
4.7.3 用KRL 创建枚举类型 .........................................................................................................................125
第5 章 子程序和函数 .....................................................................................................................................127
5.1 用局部子程序工作 ....................................................................................................................................128
5.2 用全局子程序工作 ....................................................................................................................................130
5.3 将参数传递给子程序 ................................................................................................................................132
5.4 函数编程 ....................................................................................................................................................137
5.5 使用KUKA 标准函数工作 .......................................................................................................................142
5.5.1 数学函数 ...............................................................................................................................................142
5.5.2 字符串变量函数 ...................................................................................................................................143
5.5.3 用于信息输出的函数 ...........................................................................................................................147
5.5.3.1 提示信息 .......................................................................................................................................148
5.5.3.2 状态信息 .......................................................................................................................................149
5.5.3.3 确认信息 .......................................................................................................................................150
5.5.3.4 等待信息 .......................................................................................................................................151
5.5.3.5 对话信息 .......................................................................................................................................153
第6 章 中断编程 ..............................................................................................................................................159
6.1 中断功能 ....................................................................................................................................................160
6.1.1 中断程序说明 .......................................................................................................................................160
6.1.2 BRAKE:从中断程序上停止机器人 .................................................................................................163
6.1.3 RESUME:中止中断程序 ..................................................................................................................164
6.1.4 有关制动机器人或用中断程序中断当前运行的说明 .......................................................................165
6.2 中断程序编程 ............................................................................................................................................167
第7 章 程序流程控制 .....................................................................................................................................171
7.1 CONTINUE:防止预进停止 ....................................................................................................................172
7.2 EXIT:离开循环 .......................................................................................................................................172
7.3 FOR…TO…ENDFOR:编程设定计数循环 ...........................................................................................172
7.4 GOTO:跳转至程序中的位置 .................................................................................................................174
7.5 HALT:暂停程序 ......................................................................................................................................174
7.6 IF…THEN…ENDIF:编程设定有条件的分支 ......................................................................................175
7.7 LOOP…ENDLOOP:编程设定连续循环 ...............................................................................................1767.8 REPEAT…UNTIL:编程设定采用的循环 ..............................................................................................177
7.9 SWITCH…CASE…ENDSWITCH:编程设定多重分支 .......................................................................177
7.10 WAIT FOR…:等至条件已满足 ............................................................................................................179
7.11 WAIT SEC…:编程设定等待时间 ........................................................................................................179
7.12 WHILE…ENDWHILE:编程设定当型循环 ........................................................................................180
第8 章 提交解释器 .........................................................................................................................................181
8.1 SUBMIT 解释器(提交解释器) ............................................................................................................182
8.2 启动提交解释器 ........................................................................................................................................183
8.3 SUBMIT 解释器编程时的关联 ................................................................................................................184
8.4 SUBMIT 解释器编程时的特点 ................................................................................................................186
8.5 SUBMIT 解释器编程的操作步骤 ............................................................................................................187
第9 章 双工位码垛工作站 ...........................................................................................................................189
9.1 工作站布局 ................................................................................................................................................190
9.2 工作流程 ....................................................................................................................................................191
9.3 程序详细说明 ............................................................................................................................................191
9.3.1 在config.dat 中定义信号和相关变量 ...............................................................................................192
9.3.2 定义全局位置点数据 ...........................................................................................................................193
9.3.3 程序框架和详细说明 ...........................................................................................................................194
9.3.3.1 主程序MAIN.src 和中断程序 .....................................................................................................195
9.3.3.2 初始化程序InitALL.src ...............................................................................................................196
9.3.3.3 抓取程序Pick.src .........................................................................................................................196
9.3.3.4 放置程序Place.src ........................................................................................................................197
9.3.3.5 周期循环检查程序CycleCheck.src .............................................................................................197
9.3.3.6 位置计算程序CalPosition.src ......................................................................................................198
9.3.3.7 计算摆放位置功能程序Pattern.src .............................................................................................199
9.3.3.8 码垛计数程序PlaceRD.src ..........................................................................................................201
9.3.3.9 检查HOME 位程序CheckHomePos.src .....................................................................................202