机器人制作初学指南(第3版) 打印页面 - 零零教育信息网

首页 > 图书 > 科技 > 正文

返回　打印

机器人制作初学指南(第3版)

2020-08-02 00:00:00

机器人制作初学指南(第3版) 本书特色本书是为零基础的读者打造的机器人制作入门指南，着重讲述电池供电机器人的制作过程和相关知识，图文并茂，内容详细。阅读本书不要求你有正规工科知识背景，只要你对科学有兴趣，喜欢制作机器人，那么通过这本书循序渐进的讲解，就能制作出很棒的作品。机器人制作初学指南(第3版) 内容简介本系列书是较为少见的完整的从基础入门到进阶达人的机器人制作系列书籍。大卫-库克是一个人气很高的网站RobotRoom.com的拥有者，和各位读者分享其制作机器人的经验已有十余年的时间。他的两本机器人书籍由Apress出版。机器人制作初学指南(第3版) 目录第 1 章　欢迎机器人发明家.....................................................1 四门学科...........................................................................................　1 什么是自制机器人...............................................................................1 大脑　..................................................................................................................2 电源　..................................................................................................................3 传感器　...............................................................................................................4 动作和反馈　........................................................................................................5 电机控制器　........................................................................................................5 其他元件　............................................................................................................6 身体　..................................................................................................................6 搭建.................................................................................................　7 循序渐进　............................................................................................................7 制作模块　............................................................................................................7 乐趣，不怕失败　............................................................................................7 寻找同好，获得帮助　............................................................................................8 不断进取...........................................................................................　8 第　2 章如何购买材料和工具................................................10 获取免费信息...................................................................................　10 发现有价值信息................................................................................　11 善用对比　..........................................................................................................11 零件统计　..........................................................................................................11 比较价格　..........................................................................................................12 怎么省钱.........................................................................................　12 第　3 章安全常识.............................................................14 年龄和经验的重要性..........................................................................　14 详细说明.........................................................................................　14 会看化学品标签　................................................................................................15 佩戴护目镜......................................................................................　15 保管护目镜的方法　.............................................................................................15 穿着安全服......................................................................................　15 确保通风良好...................................................................................　16 正确储存.........................................................................................　16 让周围的人了解你的工作　....................................................................................16 饭前洗手.........................................................................................　16 远离有害元素...................................................................................　16 铅　...................................................................................................................17 水银　................................................................................................................17 镉　...................................................................................................................18 购买带有　RoHS 标志的安全产品 .........................................................................18 电击...............................................................................................　18 AC　和 DC 的区别 ..............................................................................................18 使用可充电电池和专用变压器　..............................................................................19 使用空气开关和带漏电保护的插座　.......................................................................19 保留地线　..........................................................................................................20 不带电工作　......................................................................................................20 不要制作危险的机器人........................................................................　20 控制好电机尺寸................................................................................　21 照明...............................................................................................　21 注意休息做好计划.............................................................................　21 第　4 章数字万用表...........................................................　22 功能.........................................................................................　22 数字显示　..........................................................................................................22 位数　................................................................................................................23 DC　电压 ..........................................................................................................23 DC　电流 ..........................................................................................................23 电阻　................................................................................................................23 表笔或探针　......................................................................................................23 过载　/ 熔丝保护 .................................................................................................24 附加功能.........................................................................................　24 电容　................................................................................................................24 二极管　.............................................................................................................24 连通性　.............................................................................................................24 频率　................................................................................................................24 占空比　.............................................................................................................25 自动量程　..........................................................................................................25 自动关机　..........................................................................................................25 晶体管　.............................................................................................................25 双显　................................................................................................................26 大值　.............................................................................................................26 小值　.............................................................................................................26 支架　................................................................................................................26 可选功能.........................................................................................　26 电感　................................................................................................................26 数据接口　..........................................................................................................27 示波器　.............................................................................................................27 背光　................................................................................................................27 秒表　/ 单脉冲宽度 ..............................................................................................27 温度　................................................................................................................27 声音　................................................................................................................28 计数器　.............................................................................................................28 条形图　.............................................................................................................28 数据保持　..........................................................................................................28 数据自动　..........................................................................................................28 高/低/逻辑　.....................................................................................................28 记忆　................................................................................................................29 相对　................................................................................................................29 偏差　................................................................................................................29 限定测试　/ 比较 .................................................................................................29 皮套或橡胶套　...................................................................................................29 AC　功能..........................................................................................　29 AC　电压 ..........................................................................................................29 真有效值　..........................................................................................................30 AC　电流 ..........................................................................................................30 购买挂钩探针　...................................................................................................30 万用表对比参考................................................................................　30 了解低端万用表的功能　.......................................................................................31 了解中档万用表的功能　.......................................................................................32 了解高档万用表的功能　.......................................................................................33 功能和价格的对比　.............................................................................................34 尝试其他的万用表　.............................................................................................34 先准备好万用表再工作........................................................................　34 选择度量衡......................................................................................　35 千进制计数法...................................................................................　35 第　5 章计量单位.............................................................35 大M和小m　.....................................................................................................36 希腊字母　μ 的替换 ............................................................................................37 单位缩写.........................................................................................　37 信息有限怎么办................................................................................　38 判断单位　..........................................................................................................38 扩展第三位　......................................................................................................38 颜色和数字的转换　.............................................................................................39 用万用表测量元件值　..........................................................................................40 基础知识总结...................................................................................　40 明确试验环境...................................................................................　41 路面材质　..........................................................................................................41 第　9 章循线机器人...........................................................　41 光照条件　..........................................................................................................42 确定路线　..........................................................................................................42 弧线和交叉线　...................................................................................................43 试验环境的总体要求　..........................................................................................44 确定机器人的尺寸.............................................................................　44 认识　Sandwich................................................................................　44 Sandwich　的结构 .............................................................................................45 循线开关　..........................................................................................................45 Sandwich　的身体 .............................................................................................49 购买套件.........................................................................................　50 搭建...............................................................................................　50 测量电池电压...................................................................................　51 设置万用表的电压测量档　....................................................................................51 第　7 章 9V 电池..............................................................51 分析测量结果　...................................................................................................52 9V　电池的特性.................................................................................　53 9V　电池推荐....................................................................................　54 推荐　................................................................................................................54 不建议使用的电池　.............................................................................................56 电池品牌.........................................................................................　57 给机器人用上　9V 电池........................................................................　58 安装电池　..........................................................................................................58 继续前进.........................................................................................　59 第　8 章鳄鱼夹子和探针......................................................　60 鳄鱼夹子.........................................................................................　60 购买钩夹.........................................................................................　60 跳线的测试......................................................................................　61 万用表的连通性测试档　.......................................................................................61 开路测试　..........................................................................................................62 短路测试　..........................................................................................................63 测试鳄鱼夹子跳线（短路）　.................................................................................63 查找无效连接...................................................................................　64 跳线连接.........................................................................................　64 用电阻限制功耗................................................................................　65 购买电阻包......................................................................................　65 第　9 章电阻...................................................................　65 熟悉电阻的大小和误差........................................................................　66 剪脚...............................................................................................　66 购买剪线工具　...................................................................................................67 电阻和欧姆......................................................................................　67 测量电阻.........................................................................................　68 查看万用表上显示的阻值　....................................................................................68 体验阻值范围　...................................................................................................69 在线查找电阻值................................................................................　69 标记和储存......................................................................................　70 购买元件收纳盒　................................................................................................70 不要操之过急...................................................................................　71 第　10 章 LED................................................................72 了解　LED 的特性..............................................................................　72 LED　的尺寸 .....................................................................................................72 LED　的形状 .....................................................................................................73 LED　的镜头透明度 ............................................................................................74 LED　的可视角 ..................................................................................................74 LED　的颜色 .....................................................................................................75 LED　的亮度 .....................................................................................................76 LED　的效率 .....................................................................................................76 超近距离观察　LED............................................................................　77 认识多色　LED..................................................................................　78 双色　LED ........................................................................................................78 三色或三态　LED ...............................................................................................78 全彩　LED ........................................................................................................78 测试　LED........................................................................................　79 设定万用表的二极管模式　....................................................................................79 分析　LED 测试结果 ...........................................................................................79 元件混装包......................................................................................　81 点灯上路.........................................................................................　82 搭建和测试电源指示电路　....................................................................................83 什么是元件列表................................................................................　83 第　11 章供电.................................................................83 查看电路图　......................................................................................................84 电源指示电路...................................................................................　84 看见亮光了吗？　................................................................................................85 测试电源指示电路　.............................................................................................85 熟悉每个元件的功能..........................................................................　86 测量电源指示电路.............................................................................　86 测量在线电压　...................................................................................................86 测量电流　..........................................................................................................89 计算电池寿命　...................................................................................................90 不要把表笔插在电流端子上测量电压　....................................................................92 电路总结.........................................................................................　93 第　12 章免焊测试............................................................94 寻求一种更好的方法..........................................................................　94 免焊面包板......................................................................................　94 用插孔实现连接　................................................................................................95 接线柱　.............................................................................................................97 怎么挑选面包板　................................................................................................98 免焊面包板的配套连线........................................................................　99 跳线的选择　....................................................................................................100 自制跳线........................................................................................101 剥去导线两端的绝缘外皮　..................................................................................102 按长度切割导线　..............................................................................................102 弯曲导线末端　.................................................................................................102 建立连接........................................................................................104 电源的设计.....................................................................................105 购买　9V 电池连接器 ........................................................................................105 把电源连接到接线柱　........................................................................................106 第　13 章设置免焊电路板..................................................　105 挑选电源开关..................................................................................106 SPDT　的含义 .................................................................................................107 把开关安装到面包板　........................................................................................107 连接电源总线..................................................................................108 用跳线扩展万用表表笔功能　...............................................................................108 连接下方总线　.................................................................................................109 跨接中间的断点　..............................................................................................109 安装　LED 电源指示器........................................................................　109 测量接点电压　.................................................................................................110 元件剪脚　........................................................................................................110 机器人的电源开关............................................................................110 准备向下进行..................................................................................111 第　14 章可变电阻..........................................................　112 电位器...........................................................................................112 微调电位器　....................................................................................................112 调节度盘　........................................................................................................113 电位器的购买　.................................................................................................113 电位器的测量　.................................................................................................114 LED　亮度调节电路...........................................................................115 搭建　LED 亮度调节电路 ...................................................................................116 亮度平衡电路..................................................................................116 搭建　LED 亮度平衡电路 ...................................................................................117 硫化镉光敏电阻...............................................................................117 光敏电阻的购买　..............................................................................................117 测量光敏电阻的阻值变化范围　............................................................................118 光控电路........................................................................................118 平衡亮度传感电路............................................................................119 平衡光线传感电路元件列表　...............................................................................120 平衡传感对管　.................................................................................................120 光敏电阻的配对　..............................................................................................120 阻抗平衡电位器　..............................................................................................121 限流电阻　........................................................................................................121 测试点　...........................................................................................................122 用分压器实现电阻和电压的转换　.........................................................................124 搭建亮度传感平衡电路　.....................................................................................125 亮度传感电路的平衡调整　..................................................................................125 第　15 章比较器............................................................126 电压比较器.....................................................................................126 认识　LM393 ..................................................................................................126 比较器的购买　.................................................................................................129 亮度比较电路..................................................................................129 电路图和接线图的对比　.....................................................................................129 元件编号　........................................................................................................130 绘制连线和交叉线　...........................................................................................130 认识亮度比较电路　...........................................................................................131 亮度比较电路的元件列表　..................................................................................131 搭建亮度比较电路　...........................................................................................131 增加光源........................................................................................134 认识双　LED 光源电路 ......................................................................................134 搭建光源电路　.................................................................................................135 再次使用多个　LED ..........................................................................................136 欣赏简约之美..................................................................................137 第　16 章晶体管开关.......................................................　138 负电源的定义..................................................................................138 认识　2907 晶体管 ...........................................................................................139 用万用表测试双极型晶体管.................................................................140 使用万用表的晶体管测试功能　............................................................................140 使用万用表的二极管测试档　...............................................................................142 双极型晶体管测试电路.......................................................................　143 PNP　型晶体管的测试电路图 .............................................................................143 搭建　PNP 型晶体管测试电路 ............................................................................145 NPN　型晶体管的测试电路图 .............................................................................146 搭建　NPN 型晶体管测试电路 ............................................................................147 带有晶体管的亮度比较电路.................................................................147 计算晶体管的电流　...........................................................................................147 搭建带有晶体管的亮度比较电路　.........................................................................149 PNP　型和 NPN 型晶体管的总结..........................................................150 直流电机的工作原理.........................................................................151 铁芯永磁直流有刷电机的内部结构　.....................................................................151 第　17 章直流电机..........................................................　151 带有铁芯的永磁直流无刷电机的内部结构　............................................................154 没有铁芯的永磁直流有刷电机　............................................................................155 简易直流电机电路............................................................................156 简易直流电机电路对电机的要求　.........................................................................156 简易直流电机电路对电池的要求　.........................................................................156 搭建简易电机电路　...........................................................................................157 直流电机的主要特性.........................................................................157 直流电机的转速特性　........................................................................................158 直流电机的转矩特性　........................................................................................160 直流电机的电压特性　........................................................................................162 启动电流　........................................................................................................164 空载电流　........................................................................................................165 载荷电流　........................................................................................................165 怠速电流　........................................................................................................165 直流电机的效率特性　........................................................................................166 直流电机的可闻噪声　........................................................................................167 直流电机的电噪声特性　.....................................................................................167 直流电机的重量　..............................................................................................168 直流电机的尺寸　..............................................................................................168 总结直流电机的特点　........................................................................................168 直流齿轮电机..................................................................................169 直流正齿轮电机的内部结构　...............................................................................169 认识齿轮的比　.................................................................................................170 转速和转矩的转化关系　.....................................................................................172 齿轮箱的缺点　.................................................................................................173 行星齿轮和正齿轮电机的区别　............................................................................173 怎么选择齿轮减速电机　.....................................................................................173 继续进行........................................................................................174 选择减速电机..................................................................................175 购买减速机电机　..............................................................................................175 第　18 章安装减速电机.....................................................　175 齿轮减速电机的结构　........................................................................................176 测量实际电流（平均值）　..................................................................................178 在亮度比较电路中加入电机.................................................................178 认识二极管　....................................................................................................179 给亮度比较电路安装电机　..................................................................................180 电子部分大功告成............................................................................181 第　19 章车轮...............................................................　182 车轮的构造.....................................................................................182 机器人车轮的特点............................................................................182 充气轮胎　........................................................................................................182 轮胎形状　........................................................................................................183 轮胎宽度　........................................................................................................184 胎面花纹　........................................................................................................184 轮胎直径　........................................................................................................185 选择机器人车轮　..............................................................................................186 为　Sandwich 挑选车轮......................................................................　187 确定小直径和大直径　..................................................................................187 根据速度确定车轮的*大直径　............................................................................188 我为　Sandwich 挑选的车轮 ..............................................................................189 Sandwich　车轮之外的选择 ..............................................................................190 轮胎的清洁.....................................................................................191 轮式驱动........................................................................................192 供选方案........................................................................................193 第　21 章轴连接器..........................................................　193 用金属加工设备制作轴连接器　............................................................................194 打印版轴连接器　..............................................................................................194 管材..............................................................................................194 铜管和铝管的选择　...........................................................................................194 管材尺寸的测量和购买　.....................................................................................195 管材的测量和切割............................................................................196 切割管材　........................................................................................................196 切割后的打磨　.................................................................................................198 切割件的测试　.................................................................................................198 乐高十字轴.....................................................................................199 确定乐高十字轴的长度　.....................................................................................199 购买乐高十字轴　..............................................................................................200 车轴与轴连接器的粘合.......................................................................　200脱胶 ..............................................................................................................200 使用环氧树脂　.................................................................................................201 给轴连接器增加一个固定螺丝..............................................................202 标记固定螺丝孔　..............................................................................................202 钻床　..............................................................................................................202 钻床台钳　........................................................................................................203 钻固定螺丝孔　.................................................................................................203 攻固定螺丝孔　.................................................................................................203 安装螺丝钉　....................................................................................................203 轴连接器的使用感受.........................................................................204 焊锡..............................................................................................205 第　21 章焊接设备..........................................................　205 助焊剂...........................................................................................206 电烙铁...........................................................................................206 烙铁架...........................................................................................207 焊接海绵........................................................................................207 辅助工具........................................................................................208 真空除锡工具..................................................................................209 典型焊接步骤..................................................................................209 准备焊接........................................................................................210 电机和开关组件...............................................................................211 电机组件　........................................................................................................211 第　22 章焊接连线..........................................................　211 组装循线模式选择开关　.....................................................................................220 组装套管　LED 电路 .........................................................................................224 完成组装　........................................................................................................225 焊接经验........................................................................................226 循线电路........................................................................................227 第　23 章主控板............................................................227 调整优化　........................................................................................................229 点对点焊接与印制电路板的比较　.........................................................................230 点对点焊接循线电路　........................................................................................231 用焊接助手辅助安放元件　..................................................................................231 布局实例　........................................................................................................232 购买　IC 插座 ...................................................................................................232 把　Molex KK 插座粘在电路板上 ........................................................................233 元件管脚的折弯　..............................................................................................234 焊接硫化镉光敏电阻　........................................................................................236 测试机器人的电路............................................................................237 低电阻电路的危险性　........................................................................................237 检查管脚漏焊　.................................................................................................237 检查连接到正极总线的管脚　...............................................................................238 测量整个电路的电阻　........................................................................................238 测量电压降　....................................................................................................239 焊点的补焊　....................................................................................................239 屏住呼吸........................................................................................240 构思机器人的身体............................................................................241 运用概念式设计　..............................................................................................241 根据零件实物进行设计　.....................................................................................241 第　24 章结构搭建..........................................................　241 设计个性化的身体　...........................................................................................242 改造　Sandwich 容器........................................................................244 加工电机孔　....................................................................................................244 安装电机　........................................................................................................247 制作电机套管　.................................................................................................248 把电机装入套管　..............................................................................................251 安装开关和电池支架　........................................................................................251 安装电源开关　.................................................................................................252 安装电路板　....................................................................................................253 加工电位器调节孔　...........................................................................................255 在容器盖子上磨出一个窗口　...............................................................................255 收尾工作　........................................................................................................256 准备运行........................................................................................256 优化调整........................................................................................257 初步检查　........................................................................................................257 第　25 章启动循线机器人..................................................　257 试运行：跟随一条直线　.....................................................................................260 纠正常见问题　.................................................................................................261 首次上路........................................................................................266 解决转向问题　.................................................................................................266 循线机器人的改进措施.......................................................................　267 防止电池反接　.................................................................................................267 用电容器消除浪涌电流　.....................................................................................268 提高循线性能　.................................................................................................269 完美谢幕........................................................................................270 第　26 章更灵活、更轻巧、更便宜........................................　272 优化传感器电路...............................................................................272 降低光电传感器的电阻　.....................................................................................273 直线行驶　........................................................................................................273 继续修改或彻底更新？　.....................................................................................274 降低成本改善性能............................................................................274 缩小尺寸　........................................................................................................275 增加功能　........................................................................................................277 降低成本　........................................................................................................278 不断提高........................................................................................279 第　27 章增补内容..........................................................　280 机器人的元件..................................................................................280 逻辑芯片　........................................................................................................280 微控制器　........................................................................................................281 电源稳压器　....................................................................................................282 电容器　...........................................................................................................283 太阳能电池　....................................................................................................284 网络电阻　........................................................................................................285 按钮　..............................................................................................................285 DIP　开关 .......................................................................................................286 跳线和短路块　.................................................................................................286 倾斜传感器　....................................................................................................287 温度传感器　....................................................................................................287 触摸传感器　....................................................................................................288 目标检测与红外遥控　........................................................................................288 距离检测传感器　..............................................................................................289 石英晶体振荡器　..............................................................................................289 声音　..............................................................................................................289 继电器　...........................................................................................................290 附加齿轮　........................................................................................................290 舵机　..............................................................................................................291 编码器——检测车轮转速　..................................................................................291 显示器　...........................................................................................................292 无线数控　........................................................................................................292 日常挑战........................................................................................293 室内植物浇水机器人　........................................................................................293 堆肥车　...........................................................................................................293 垃圾车　...........................................................................................................293 洗窗机器人　....................................................................................................294 屋顶鼠　...........................................................................................................294 微型扫雪机　....................................................................................................294 压路机　...........................................................................................................294 自动信报箱　....................................................................................................294 竞赛..............................................................................................295 风靡世界的机器人相扑　.....................................................................................295 三一学院的消防竞赛　........................................................................................295 亚特兰大机器人吸尘竞赛　..................................................................................296 西雅图机器人协会的　Robothon ........................................................................296 达拉斯个人机器人团队　Roborama ....................................................................296 伊利诺斯州中部机器人俱乐部　............................................................................296 芝加哥地区的机器人俱乐部（Chibots）　.............................................................297 无限可能性.....................................................................................297 附录　A.........................................................................　298 神奇的欧姆定律...............................................................................298 用欧姆定律选择限流电阻　..................................................................................299 通过电压判断电流　...........................................................................................299 欧姆定律的要点　..............................................................................................300 欧姆定律产生的效果　........................................................................................300 这本书的“战损”............................................................................300 9V　电池该怎么安装？ ......................................................................................301 开关烧融　........................................................................................................301 万用表烧保险丝　..............................................................................................302 失败不可避免　.................................................................................................302 电压的叫法.....................................................................................302 地和负电压的区别　...........................................................................................303 V　加双字符 ....................................................................................................303 附录　B.........................................................................　304 认识　3D 打印..................................................................................304 容易实现　........................................................................................................305 显著改善　........................................................................................................305 打印电机轴连接器............................................................................305 设计模型　........................................................................................................306 准备打印　........................................................................................................307 3D　打印 .........................................................................................................307 完成后的轴连接器　...........................................................................................308 3D　打印版车轮................................................................................308 刷胎面胶　........................................................................................................309 复合式车轮　....................................................................................................309 设计机器人的身体............................................................................310 机盖　..............................................................................................................311 尝试自己动手..................................................................................311 机器人制作初学指南(第3版) 作者简介大卫-库克是一个人气很高的网站RobotRoom.com的拥有者，和各位读者分享其制作机器人的经验已有十余年的时间。他的两本机器人书籍由Apress出版。

http://www.00-edu.com/tushu/kj1/202008/2673563.html十二生肖
十二星座