1. My home is near our school.(改为同义句) My home is from our school. 2. 红灯停,绿灯行,黄灯等一等。(译成英语) 3. I can ride the bicycle.(改成一般疑问句) 4. It's a hotel.(对划线部分提问) 5. She is going to the park.(对划线部分提问)
题型:句型转换 难度:中档
答案
1. not far 2. Red is stop. Green is go. Yellow is wait. 3. Can you ride the bicycle? 4. What is it? 5. Where is she going?
英语形容词的排列顺序: 一、英文形容词的排序:OPSHACOM OP---opinion评述性词。如beautiful,wonderful,expensive,terrible, horrible,lovely,silly,ugly等。 SH---size &shape表大些 形状的词。如 long,short,round,square等。 A---age表新旧的词。如new,old等。 C---colour表颜色的词。如red,black,purple,brown,yellow等。 O---origin表产地的词。如Italian,Spanish,Canadian,Australian,Japanese M---material表材料的词。如leather,glass,rubber,metal,silk,plastic等。 按此顺序,"一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮茄克"的英语为"a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket。"
二、口诀法:“美小圆旧黄,中国木书房” 注:“美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词; “小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类” 形容词; “圆”代表“形状类” 形容词; “旧”代表“新旧、年龄类” 形容词; “黄”代表“颜色类” 形容词; “中国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类” 形容词; “木”代表“物质、材料、质地类” 形容词; “书”代表“用途、类别、功能、作用类” 形容词; “房”代表“中心名词”。 例如:two beautiful new green silk evening dress 两件又新又漂亮的丝绸女士晚礼服; that hungry, tired, sleepy little match girl 那个饥饿、疲劳、困倦的卖火柴的小女孩; an old large brick dining hall 一个旧的红砖砌的大餐厅。
四、熟记规则:大小形状和新老,颜色国籍出(处)材料 多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的,其顺序为: ①冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词+ ②序数词+基数词 ③一般性描绘形容词 ④大小、长短、形状+年龄、新旧 ⑥颜色 ⑦国籍、出处 ⑧材料 ⑨用途、类别 ⑩最终修饰的名词或动名词。 例如:a beautiful little red flower 一朵美丽的小花。 those four old-looking,grey,wooden houses 所以这个翻译题,我有一个中国制造木制红色的大的园桌子。 可以翻译成 i have a big,round ,red,wooden,chinese table 巧记形容词的排列顺序:“县官行令谢国材”。 “县”(限)代表限定词,包括:冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。? “官”(观)代表表示观点的描绘性形容词,如:fine,beautiful,interesting等。? “行”(形)代表表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词,如:small,tall,high,little,round等。? “令”(龄)代表表示年龄、新、旧的形容词,如:old,young等。? “谢”(“色”的近似音)代表表示颜色的形容词,如:white,black,yellow等。? “国” 代表表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词(名词),如:English,American,mountain等。? “材” 则代表形成中心名词的材料的形容词,如:stone,wooden,silk,plastic等。? 多个形容词同时修饰同一个名词时,就按上述顺序排列,然后加上中心名词。例如: a fine old stone bridge一座古老漂亮的石头桥? two big round new Chinese wooden tables两张新的中国式的木制大圆桌?
疑问副词在句中的位置及用法举例: 由于疑问副词后接疑问句,因此这些副词一般都位于句首。例如: How do you go to school? 你怎么去上学? Why do you dislike the game? 为什么你不喜欢这个游戏?
疑问代词和疑问副词区别: 1. 疑问代词做对陈述句的主语,宾语或定语提问,即做句子的主语,宾语或定语, 如: what, who/ whom, whose. eg. Who is talking ? What can you see? Whose shirt is this?
2.疑问副词对时间,地点,方式等状语提问,如: when, where, how 等. eg. When is your birthday? Where are you going? How do you know?
考点名称:否定句
否定句: 表示否定的句子。必须有否定词。 否定句的构成形式: a. 谓语为be动词时,“be+not "一名学生。 b. 谓语为实义动词而且没有情态动词和助动词时,“do/ does/ did+not"构成否定。 例:I do not like dancing. 我不喜欢跳舞。 He does not want to go to school. 他不想去上学。 c. 谓语为“情态动词+实义动词”时,“情态动词+not”构成否定。 例:You must not smoke. 你千万不要吸烟。 I can not catch it. 我抓不住它。
否定句在英语语法中可以分为九类: (1)一般否定句 I don't know this. No news is good news. There is no person(smoking)/not a person/not any person(smoking)in the house. (2)特指否定 He went to his office, not to see him. I am sorry for not coming on time. I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right. (3)部分否定 All the answers are not right All is not gold that glitters I don't know all of them. I can't see everybody/everything. Both of them are not right. (4)全体否定 None of my friends smoke. I can see nothing/nobody. Neither of them is right. Nothing can be so simple as this. (5)延续否定 You didn't see him, neither/nor did I. You don't know, I don't know either. He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of(更不用说)French. (6)半否定句 We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing. I know little English. I saw few people. (7)双重否定 You can't make something out of nothing. What's done cannot be undone. There is no sweet without sweat. No gain without pains. I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it. No man is so old but(that)he can learn. (8)排除否定 Everyone is ready except you. He did nothing but play. But for your help, I couldn't do it. (9)加强否定 I won't do it at all. I can't see it any more. He is no longer a boy.
否定转移的形式与用法: 一、动词的否定转移 1.形式上否定主句的谓语,实际上是否定从句的谓语 当动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”的主语是第一人称,谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时,它们的否定式实际上是对宾语从句的否定。 表示说话者提出一种委婉的看法或主张。如: I think that he will help us.——I don’t think that he will help us. 我认为它不会帮助我们。 I believe that he is right.——I don’t believe that he is right. 我认为他不对。 I suppose that he likes it.——I don’t suppose that he likes it. 我想他不喜欢它。
2. 形式上否定谓语动词,实际上否定复合宾语 当动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”、“find”的主语是第一人称,谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时,它们前面的否定式实际上是对复合宾语的否定。表示说话者所提出的一种委婉的看法或主张。如: I think math difficult. — I don’t think math difficult. 我认为数学不难。 I find the story interesting. — I don’t find the story interesting. 我认为这个故事没有趣。 I expect so. —I don’t expect so. 我认为不会。
二、动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”在下列情况下,否定不转移: 1.这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时,否定不转移。如: I believe and hope he won’t do that. 我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。 I feel and admit that we are not foolish. 我觉得并且也承认我们并不愚蠢。
2.用于疑问句时,否定不转移。如: Do you think it is not going to rain? 你认为天不会下雨吗? Don’t you believe that he has done a good thing? 难道你不相信他做了一件好事?
3.用作插入语时,否定不转移。如: Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you. 我想李蕾不会生你的气。 Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it. 我猜想汤姆不会反对。 Mike, I believe, hasn’t seen the film. 我认为迈克没有看这场电影。
4.动词前有其他副词修饰时,否定不转移。如: I really don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now. 我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。 I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing. 我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。
5.动词为非一般现在时或主语不是第一人称时,否定不转移。 I thought that he wouldn’t come back soon. 我原以为他不会回来得这么快。 She didn’t believe that he became a good boy. 她不相信它变成了一个好孩子。 He thinks that he isn’t fit for the job. 他认为他不适合这件工作。 He doesn’t believe that what we told him is true. 他不相信我们告诉他的事是真的。
6.当宾语从句中含的否定为“not……at all”、“not a little”、“not a few”、“not enough”、“can’t help”等固定搭配时,否定不转移。如: I think that he doesn’t know it at all. 我想他对那一点也不知道。 I suppose that it is not enough to remember the words if you want to learn the language well. 我认为如果你想把这门语言学好,那么只记单词是不够的。 I believe that you can’t help singing our national anthem when you win the first place in the Olympic Games. 我相信当你在奥运会上获得第一名时你会情不自禁地唱起国歌来。
7.当宾语从句中含“no”、“nothing”、“nobody”、“nowhere”、“hardly”、“seldom”、“little”、“few”等否定词或半否词时,否定不转移。如: I believe that nothing can make me give it up. 我想任何事情也不能使我放弃。 I think that no one can escape if the ship sinks in the sea. 我认为如果这艘船沉入海底的话,那么谁也逃不掉。 I suppose that he is a man of few words. 我猜想他是一个言语不多的人。
考点名称:一般疑问句
一般疑问句: 是疑问句的一种。它是以be动词,have或助动词、情态动词开头,用yes(是)或no(否)来回答的句子。 其结构是:系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分 一般疑问句的肯定形式为: 助动词+主语(+实义动词)。肯定答语用“yes+可定结构”。 一般疑问句的否定形式为: 助动词构成的缩写否定词+主语(+实义动词)。否定答语用“no+否定结构”。 例: — Do you like this story-book? 你喜欢这本故事书吗? — Yes, I do. 喜欢。/ No, I don’t. 不喜欢。 — Is he a student? 他是一名学生吗? — Yes, he is. 是,他是。/ No, he isn’t. 不,他不是。
一般疑问句的改写: 一、含有be动词的一般疑问句,通常把be动词调到句首。例如: 陈述句:They are in the swimming pool. 一般疑问句:Are they in the swimming pool? 注意:一般疑问句句末要用“?”。
二、含有情态动词的一般疑问句(can, may...),把情态动词调到句首。例如: 陈述句:He can drive a car. 一般疑问句: Can he drive a car?
三、含有have的一般疑问句,have译为“有”。一般疑问句式有两种形式: 1.把have/has调到句首。例如: 陈述句:Tommy has a computer. 一般疑问句:Has Tommy/he a computer? 2.加助动词do/does,第三人称单数用does,其他人称用do。其句型为:Do/Does + 主语 + have...? 例如上句可变为: Does Tommy have a computer?
一、一般疑问句含be动词时,用be动词回答,句末用句号。例如: -Is Mary your sister? -Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.(缩写)
二、一般疑问句含有情态动词(can, may, should等)时,用情态动词回答。例如: -May I come in? -Yes, you may. / No, you can’t.
三、一般疑问句含有have(译为“有”)时,有两种回答方式。 1.直接用have/has回答。 例如: -Have they any pictures? -Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. 2.用助动词do/does回答。 例如: -Does Millie smoke? -Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
四、一般动词的一般疑问句回答时也用助动词。 例如: -Do the workers live in London? -Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.