介词分类: 一、表示地点位置的介词 （1）at, in, on, to, for at 表示在小地方；表示“在……附近，旁边”。 in 表示在大地方；表示“在……范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在……上面”。 to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到……”。 （2）above, over, on 在……上 above 指在……上方，不强调是否垂直，与below相对； over 指垂直的上方，与under相对，但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。 on 表示某物体上面并与之接触。 例：The bird is flying above my head. 小鸟在我的头上飞。 There is a bridge over the river. 在河上有一座桥。 He put his watch on the desk.他把他的表放在了桌子上。 （3）below, under在……下面 under 表示在……正下方 below 表示在……下，不一定在正下方 例：There is a cat under the table. 桌子底下有一只猫。 Please write your name below the line. 请在横线下写上你的名字。 （4）beside，behind beside 表示在……旁边 behind 表示在……后面
二、表示时间的介词 （1）in，on，at在……时 A、in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。 如：inthe1950s, in1989, insummer, inJanuary, inthemorning等。 B、on 表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。 如：on May 1st, on Monday, onNew Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。 C、at 表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。 如：at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of, at the age of, at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment等。 （2）after在……之后 “after+一段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后； “after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。
三、其它常用介词 （1）about关于，附近，大约，周围，随身. I have bought a book about Shakespearean. 我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。 There are about fifteen trees in the picture. 大约有十五棵树在图片里。 （2）across横过，对面，交叉，在……的对面 Can you swim across the river? 你能游过河吗？ We live across the street. 我们住在街的对面。 （3）along沿着，顺着. They are walking along the river. 他们沿着河行走。 （4）by 被……，在……的近旁，在……之前，不迟于，以……为手段。 The class room was cleaned by the students. 教室由学生们打扫干净了。 Miss Lucy came to China by air. 露西小姐是乘飞机来中国的。 （5）for为……，因为……，至于……。 He works for this company. 他为这家公司工作。 She came back to the classroom for she had lef the books in the class room. 她返回到教室是因为把书留在了那里。 （6）from从……，来自……，因为…… Where are you from? 你是哪里人？ He diedf rom an accident. 他死于一场事故。 （7）of……的，属于…… This is a map of China.这是一张中国地图。 （8）with使用、和……在一起 We write with a pen. 我们用笔写字。 Can you go to the park with me? 你能和我一起去公园吗？ 注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day.
小学常见介词： 1.on (1) 在------上面 The book is on the desk. (2) 在------（哪一天/星期）What do you do on Wednesday? (3) 在------（月、日）My birthday is on August 2nd. 2. in （1）在------里面 The pens are in the pencil-box. (2)在------（哪一年/月）His birthday is in October. He worked here in 1992. (3 ) 在------（地方） He works in Dongguan. (4 ) 在------之内 What are you going to do in 20 years? (5 ) 在------（早上、下午、晚上） I do morning exercises in the morning every day. I usually play basketball in the afternoon. I often do my homework in the evening. 3. under 在------底下 There is a ball under the bed. 4. near 在------附近 There is a book shop near our school. 5. in front of 在------前面 A boy is standing in front of the house. 6. beside 在------旁边 A football is beside the door. 7. next to 紧挨着 There is a bus station next to No. 13 Middle School. 8. over 在------正上方 A bridge is over the river. 9. on the left 在------左边 The bookstore is on the left. 10. on the right 在------右边 The hospital is on the right. 11. before 在……之前 Mike sits before me. 12. after 在------以后 He went home after school. 13. in the middle 在------中间 The road is in the middle. 14. at (1) 在------（小地方） I am at school today. I was at home yesterday. (2) 在------（点钟） I usually go to school at 8:00 am. (3)看一看 Look at the blackboard. (4) 在中午 at noon 15. behind 在------后面 There is a broom behind the door. 16．for (1)给 This present is for you. (2)为了 Thank you for telling me the way to the zoo. (3)作为 We have some chips and hamburgers for lunch. 17．to (1) 到 Take your sport shoes to the P.E class. (2) 致 Happy birthday to you. Give it to your friend. 18. from 来自 I am from China. = I come from China. 19. from --- to 从------到------ Line up from shorter to taller. We have class from Monday to Friday. 20. of ------的 He is a student of Kama School. 21. by （1）在------之前 We must be at home by 6 o’clock. （2）乘------交通工具 People can go to the moon by spaceship. I go to school by bus. 22．with (1) 用 I write a letter with a pen. (2) 和------一起 He went to Shenzhen with his parents. 23. between 在------与------之间 There is a football match between Class One and Class Three. 24. into 到------里 Sharks can dive into the deep cold water. 25. like （1）象------ The twins are like their father. （2）长相------怎样？ What’s he like? 26. up 向上 Put up your hands if you have any questions. 27. down 向下 Put down all the books here. 28. about (1) 大约；关于 It’s about 6:00 now. (2) ------怎么样？ What about---? How about---? 29. what for 为什么 But what for?
动名词： 如果一个动词加上了-ing变成了名词，那么这个词称动名词。 动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征 的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。 例：Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 Swimming is a good sport in summer. 游泳是夏天一项好的运动。 There is no saying when he'll come. 很难说他何时回来。 No smoking. (=No smoking is allowed here) . 禁止吸烟！ No parking. 禁止停车！ Let’s go shopping. 让我们去购物。
动名词常见题型: 1）动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数 2）在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词 3）动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语 例： I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon. A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you’re calling （Key：C；换成your calling也对） 4）有些词后只能接动名词 acknowledge;admit; advise;advocate;allow;appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... 5）另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法 it’s no good; it’s no/little/hardly any/ use; it’s not/hardly/scarcely use; it’s worthwhile; spend money/time; there’s no; there’s no point in; there’s nothing worse than; what’s the use/point... 6）有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可 remember,forget,try,stop,go on,continue,stop,regret,cease,mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意义截然不容。 例： remember to do/doing： ①I remembered to post the letters.（指未来/过去未来将要做的动作） ②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.（我记得做过这个动作） forget与remember的用法类似。 regret的用法： ①I regret to inform you that…（我很遗憾地通知你……） ②I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.（为了“二十年前的离开”而遗憾。） try to（努力）与try +–ing（试验）： ①You really must try to overcome your shyness. ②Try practicing five hours a day.
