一般现在时: 表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。可概括为 ①经常性或习惯性动作; ②长期存在的特征或状态; ③普遍真理、客观事实等。 构成: 一般现在时用行为动词的原形,但第三人称单数作主语时,动词的词尾要加-S。 a. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 例:Li Ming always helps the old man. 李明一直帮助这位老人。 We usually go to school on foot. 我们通常步行上学。 They sometimes go fishing on Sundays. 他们有时周日去钓鱼。 b. 表示永恒不变的事实或真理。 例:A bird flies with wings. 鸟用翅膀飞翔。 c. 用在格言、谚语中。 例:Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
一般现在时具体用法: 1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 时间状语: always,usually,every morning/night/evening/day/week/year,often,sometimes, occasionally,from time to time,twice a week,rarely,seldom,once a month,hardly,ever,never. e.g: I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.
2.表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态。 e.g:I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now.
3.表示客观事实和普遍真理。 e.g :The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lives in the east of China.
9表示格言或警句中。 e.g Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。 再如:Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
一般现在时的特殊用法: 一些动词可用一般现在时来表达现在进行时: verbs of the senses: hear,see,taste,smell,feel verbs of the thinking: believe,know,mean,realize,think,remember verbs of the linking: dislike,fear,heat,like,love,want verbs of the possession: belong,have,own,possess
考点名称:肯定句
对事物作出肯定判断的句子叫肯定句。 对事物作出否定判断的句子叫否定句。 结构:主语+谓语+其他 例:Tom played football yesterday afternoon. 汤姆昨天下午打篮球了。 This is my bedroom. 这是我的卧室。
肯定句分类: A、使用“是”字句,也叫判断句。 B、使用一般的肯定句式。
肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的相互转换: 1、有am, is, are的句子, 就划线部分提问(变特殊疑问句) This is a book. 第一步:变一般疑问句 Is this a book? 第二步:找合适的特殊疑问词 Is this what ? 第三步:特殊疑问词提前放到句首,并大写,其余按顺序照抄,省略划线部分。What is this?
3、划线部分不能在特殊疑问句中出现。 非单三时用do,单三时用does 非单三: 肯定句:I like English. 一般疑问句:Do you like English? 否定句:I do not like English. 单三 : 肯定句:He likes English. 一般疑问句:Does he like English? 否定句:He does not like English. 就划线部分提问: I like English. 第一步:先变一般疑问句 Do you like English? 第二步:找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分Do you like what? 第三步:特殊疑问词提前放到句首,并大写,其余按顺序照抄,省略划线部分。What do you like?
4、特殊: ①some变为any。如: There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree. 但是,若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中,some可以不变。如: Would you like some orange juice? 与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。 ②and变为or。如: I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler. ③a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如: They have a lot of friends.(可数名词)→They don't have many friends. There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可数名词) →There isn't much orange in the bottle. ④already变为yet。如: I have been there already.→I haven't been there yet.
肯定句的组织结构: 主系表:eg:I'm a girl. 主谓宾:She write a leter to him. 1.主语+系动词(be)+表语 2.主语+call +宾语+宾语补足语 3.主语+name +宾语+宾语补足语 4.主语+is called +宾语补足语 5.主语+is named +宾语 6.主语+regard +宾语+as +宾语被足语 7.主语+be +no (none)+other than (but)+表语 8.主语+be +nothing +else but (but,else than,less than)+表语 9.It is (was)+强调部分+that (who)+从句 10.主语+感觉动词+表语 11.主句+as if (as though)+从句 12.主语+be +said to be (so-called)+表语 13.主语+be,it is said,+表语 14.So far from being +表语,主语+谓语+其它 15.主语+be +more +表语+than +表语 16.主语+be +less +表语+than +表语 17.主语+be +表语+rather than +表语 18.主语+be +not so much +表语+as 表语 19.主语+be +either +表语+or +表语 20.Either +主语+or +主语+be +表语