动词短语的搭配类型: 动词+副词 1)作及物动词,例: He brought up his children strictly. 从以上的例句中可以看出,在“动词+副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况: 宾语如是名词,则可置于副词后面,亦可置于动词和副词之间。而如果宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间。 2)作不及物动词,例: Something unexpected has turned up. 出现了令人意外的情况。(turn up=appear) 3)既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,例: The barrel of gunpowder blew up.(不及物)火药桶爆炸了。 The soldiers blew up the bridge.(及物)士兵们把桥炸毁了。 动词短语的及物性与不及物性主要取决于动词短语的意思。
动词+介词 动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是在介词后面,例: I don’t much care for television.我不很喜欢电视。(care for=like) 动词+副词+介词 在这类动词短语中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,是动副词组和动介词组的合成体,词义上相当于一个及物动词。 它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点,但宾语总是位于介词之后,例: We must work hard to make up for lost time.我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。(make up for=compensate)
动词+名词 这类动词短语中的常见动词是have,take,give,make等,后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词,并表达了短语动词的真正意义,例: Let’s have another try.让我们再试一下。(have a try=v.try)
动词+名词+介词 这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度,宾语总是位于介词之后,例: Keep an eye on the baby while I am out.我不在家时请照看一下小孩子。
be+形容词+介词 be+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后面,形容词是短语动词的真正词义,例: I know he is slow at understanding,but you have to be patient with him.我知道他理解力差,但你得对他耐心些。
小学阶段出现的一些动词短语: do homework 做作业 watch T.V. 看电视 read books 读书 cook the meals 做饭 water the flowers 浇花 sweep the floor 扫地 clean the bedroom 打扫卧室 make a bed 铺床 set the table 摆饭桌 wash the clothes 洗衣服 wash the dishes 洗碗碟 use a computer 使用计算机 do morning exercises 晨练;做广播体操 eat breakfast 吃早饭 eat dinner 吃晚饭 go to school 上学 have an English class 上英语课 play sports 进行体育运动 get up 起床 climb mountain 爬山 go shopping 买东西 play the piano 弹钢琴 visit grandparents 看望外祖父母 go hiking 去远足 fly kites 放风筝 make a snowman 堆雪人 plant trees 种树 draw pictures 画画 cook dinner 做饭 read a book 看书 answer the phone 接电话 listen to music 听音乐 clean the room 打扫房间 write a letter 写信 write an e-mail 写电子邮件 drink water 喝水 take pictures 照相 watch insects 观察昆虫 pick up leaves 采摘树叶 do an experiment 做实验 catch butterflies 捕捉蝴蝶 count insects 数昆虫 collect insects 收集昆虫 collect leaves 收集树叶 write a report 写报告 play chess 下棋 have a picnic 举行野餐 get to 到达 ride a bike 骑自行车 play the violin 拉小提琴 make kites 制作风筝 collect stamps 收集邮票 wake up 醒来 put on 穿上 take off 脱掉 hang up 挂起 go home 回家 go to bed 上床睡觉 play computer games 玩电脑游戏 do housework 做家务 empty the trash 倒垃圾 put away the clothes 收拾衣服 get off下车 take a trip 去旅行 read a magazine 阅读杂志 go to the cinema 去看电影 eat good food 吃好东西
考点名称:动词不定式
不定式定义: 由to+动词原形构成。不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。 “动词不定式”由动词+不定式构成。动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。 常见的有:like / love,want,need,ask,help等。 例:I like to play with Tom. 我喜欢和汤姆玩。 I want to play with Tom. 我想和汤姆玩。 I like to eat dumplings. 我喜欢吃饺子。
动词不定式一般结构: 疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如: ①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主语) ②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做宾语) ③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做直接宾语) ④The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表语) 以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式。如: ①When we shall leave… ③…how I could learn… 经常在这种结构中使用的动词有: consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。
3在下列情况下,一般要用不定式: ①hate,like,love前有would(should)时, 如:I'd like to have a cup of coffee. ②当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时, 如:Thestudents are starting to work on the di fficult maths problem. ③begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时, 如:I soon began to understand what was happening. ④.advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语。如: Our teachers don't permit our/us swimming in the lake. Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.
4 部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用。 forget,remember,regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生。如: Don't forget to post the letter for me. Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? Remember to close the windows before you leave. I remember writing him a letter a year ago. We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting. They regretted ordering these books from abroad.
省to的动词不定式: (1)情态动词( 除ought 外,ought to意思是“应该”,是情态动词,只有一种形式,后边接动词不定式,to不能省略。 ought to没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形可以表示现在、将来或过去将来,由时间状语或上下文决定。例如: They ought to come tomorrow.他们明天应当来): (2)使役动词 let,have,make: (3)感官动词see,watch,look at,notice,observe,hear,listen to,smell,feel,find 等后作宾补,省略to。 注意:在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。 在使役动词中get除外(get sb. to do sth.) I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night. (4)表示个人意愿或倾向的would rather,had better,might(just) as well:rather than置于句首时。 Rather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride a bike. (5)Why… / why not…: (6)help 可带to,也可不带to,help sb (to) do sth: (7)but和except:but前是动词do时,后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。 (8)由and,or和than连接的两个不定式,第二个to 可以省去: (9)通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等词后,可以省去to be: He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。 (10)but作介词,后接不定式结构时,前面谓语动词部分若含有do的形式时,but后的不定式要省去to,否则要带to。 He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. (11)当两个或多个不定时短语由连词and,but或or连接时,后一个或几个不定式符号to常省略。但若表示对比、对照关系时,则不能省略。 He wants to move to France and marry the girl. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more difficult. (12)不定式做表语时,一般要带to,但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时,符号to可省去。 We've missed the last bus.All we could do now is walk home.