小学涉及到的助动词主要是do,以及它的两种时态:does和did。 例:Does he work in the factory? 他是在这个工厂工作吗? Do you have a pen? 你有一支钢笔吗? He didn’t go to school yesterday. 他昨天没有去上学。 助动词do 的用法: 1)构成一般疑问句,例如: Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗? Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗? 2) do + not 构成否定句,例如: I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。 He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。 In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。 3)构成否定祈使句,例如: Don't go there. 不要去那里。 Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。 说明: 构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。 4)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气,例如: Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。 I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。 I do miss you. 我确实想你。 5) 用于倒装句,例如: Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。 Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。 说明: 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。 6)用作代动词,例如: ---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜欢北京吗? ---- Yes, I do. --是的,喜欢。(do用作代动词,代替like Beijing.) He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he? 他知道如何开车,对吧?
基本助动词: be, do, have, 他们没有词汇意义,只有语法作用,如协助构成进行体,完成体,被动态,否定句,疑问句等。 例如 He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告 He has made a plan. 他已经订了计划 The small animals are kept in the cages. 小动物都关在笼子里。
助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用: a. 表示时态,例如: He is singing. 他在唱歌。 He has got married. 他已结婚。 b. 表示语态,例如: He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。 c. 构成疑问句,例如: Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗? Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗? d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如: I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。 e. 加强语气,例如: Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。 He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
考点名称:一般过去时,动词过去式
一般过去时: 表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。 be动词在第一人称是单数和第三人称是单数是用was,其余用were。 a. 表示在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语。 yesterday(昨天)、last week (上星期)、an hour ago(一小时前)等连用。 例:I went to the zoo with my father last Sunday. 上周日我和我爸爸去动物园了。 They weren't able to come because they were so busy.他太忙了,所以去不了。 b. 表示在过去一段时间里,经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。 例:My brother watched the World Cup every day last month.上个月哥哥每天都看世界杯比赛。
一般过去时句法结构: 肯定形式 主语+动词过去式+其他 例句:She often came to help us in those days.
否定形式 ①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词 例句:I didn't know you like coffee
一般疑问句 ①Did+主语+do+其他? ②Was\Were+主语+表语? 例句:Did I do that? 用表格整理如下:
肯定式
疑问式
否定式
疑问否定式
Iworked
Did I work?
I did not work
Did I not work?
He(She,It) worked
Did he(she,it) work?
He(she,it) did not work
Did he(she,it) notwork?
We worked
Did we work?
We did not work
Did we not work?
You worked
Did you work?
You did not work
Did you not work?
They worked
Did they work?
They did not work
Did they not work?
结构句型: 1.一般句子 I watched TV last night. 2.一般疑问句 Did you watch TV last night? 3.there be 句型 There was an apple on the table last night. Was there an apple on the table last night