Here ________. [ ]A. is some in formations B. are some in formations C. are some information D. is some information-七年级英语

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考点名称:倒装句

  • 倒装句:
    为了强调、突出等语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。在倒装句中,颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变,句法成分不变。

  • 倒装句使用情况:
    A. 在疑问句中
    各种疑问句一般地说都是倒装语序。例如:
    Will they come to see us this weekend ? 这个周末他们将来看我们吗?
    Are you talking about the film you saw last Monday ?
    你们是在谈论你们上周一看的那部电影吗?
    Can you speak another foreign language except English?
    除开英语,你还能说另一种外语吗?
    Where did you buy the dictionary, in the book store nearby or in Xinhua bookstore?
    你在哪儿买的这本词典,是在附近的书店还是在新华书店?
    She is not a student, isn't she ? 她不是个学生,对吗?

    B. 在感叹句中
    某些感叹句也用倒装语序。例如:
    Isn't it a beautiful garden ! 多么美丽的花园啊!
    What a beautiful garden it is ! 多么美丽的花园啊!
    (在这种句式中,主语在谓语之前,属于自然语序。对于主语和谓语而言,语序没有倒装。)
    Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him ! 你见过那个孩子像他这么调皮!

    C. 在陈述句中
    陈述句在一般情况下用自然语序;但由于英语语法的某些原因,陈述句也要使用倒装语序。这些原因大致可以归纳如下:
    1) 为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复,常用"so + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语"或"neither / nor + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语"的倒装句式。
    其中第一个句式表示"与前面所述的肯定情况相同", 第二个句式表示"与前面所述的否定情况相同"。例如:
    His brother is a college student; so is mine.
    他弟弟是大学生,我弟弟也是。
    His brother is not a college student; nor is min .
    他弟弟不是大学生,我弟弟也不是。
    He used to have his further study abroad; so did I.
    他曾去国外深造过,我也去过。
    He didn't use to have his further study abroad; neither did I.
    他没去国外深造过,我也没有。
    One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; so can his wife.
    我的一个朋友会说三门外国语,他的妻子也会。
    One of my friends cannot speak three foreign languages; neither can his wife .
    我的一个朋友不会说三门外国语,他的妻子也不会。
    They are now preparing for their final examinations; so are we .
    他们正在为期末考试作准备,我们也一样。
    They are not now preparing for their final examinations; nor are we .
    他们没在为期末考试作准备,我们也没有。

    2)具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(除否定词修饰主语外),句子一般要写成部分倒装句。
    这类词或短语常见的有:
    not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner … (than), hardly … (when), not only … (but also), not until… ,等。例如:
    Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door .
    她还没来得及坐下来,就听见有人敲门。
    Not until twelve o'clock did he go to bed last night .
    他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
    Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before .
    我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。
    No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.
    我从新西兰一回国,就买了一栋房子并在那儿住下了。
    So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.
    就我所知,玛利几乎很难回来看她妈妈。
    Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fall . (否定词修饰主语时,句子不用倒装。)
    去年秋天,这儿几乎没下一滴雨。

    3)当so, often, only等表示程度、频率的副词放在句首时,句子一般要倒装。例如:Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.
    只有这样,你才有可能想出解决这个问题的办法。
    So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.
    形势如此地严峻,每个人都面临着一场考验。
    So hard did he overwork that he fell ill at last. 他太操劳过度以致最后病倒了。

    4)当there, here, then, now等副词在句首,且谓语是come, go, be等动词时,句子一般要全部倒装。
    其意义在于引起他人的注意。如果这类句子的主语是代词,则不用写成倒装句。例如:
    Now, here goes the story.这个故事是这样的。
    Look, there comes the taxi.瞧,出租车过来了。
    Then came another question.然后又一个问题提出来了。
    Then followed the four-year War of Liberation.接下来是四年的解放战争。

    5) 当out, in, away, up, bang等表示方位或拟声词放在句首时,句子一般要全部倒装。
    这类句子比自然语序的句子更为生动、形象。但如果这类句子的主语是代词,则不用写成倒装句。例如:
    Bang goes my ace.我砰地一下打出了"爱司"。
    Away flew the bird.那鸟飞走了。
    Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face.突然进来一个蒙着面具的人。

    6) 其他情况还有:省略了if的虚拟条件句、某些表示祝愿的句子、以及某些让步状语从句,等等也要用倒装句式。例如:
    (省略了if的虚拟条件句)Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so successfully.
    如果没有他们的帮助,我们不可能把那件事办的如此成功。
    Should he come, say "Nobody in" to him.
    万一他来了,对他说:"公司没人。"
    (某些表示祝愿的句子)May our friendship last forever.
    愿我们的友谊常存!
    May your company become prosperous.
    祝贵公司生意兴隆!
    (某些让步状语从句)Try as I might, I couldn't lift the stone.无论我使多大的劲,我也无法搬起那块石头。
    They said they would follow the Party's lead come what might.
    他们说无论发生什么情况,他们都会跟党走的。

    7) 由于修辞或是平衡句子的原因也可以用倒装句;也可以不用。这不是一条必须的规定。
    Next to this one is another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated .
    家饭店隔壁还有一家装修华丽的大饭店。
    On either side of the great avenue stood many block buildings.
    这条大街的两侧都耸立着许多综合楼。(这类句子也可以不用倒装句。)
    "I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow," said Tom to his mother (OR: Tom said to his mother) .
    汤姆对他妈妈说:"我明天动身去北京。"
    Many block buildings stood on either side of the great avenue.
    许多综合楼耸立在这条大街的两侧。
    Another grand hotel, which is beautifully decorated, is next to this one .
    这家饭店隔壁还有一家大饭店,那家饭店装修十分华丽。

  • 完全倒装与部分倒装:
    1.完全倒装(Full Inversion):又称"全部倒装",是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
    谓语+主语+……
    ①There be(的各种形式)+主语(+地点或时间状语)
    例子:
    There was a drop in the temperature.温度下降了
    There are brids singing in the tree.鸟儿在树上唱歌。
    ②副词小品词+谓语动词+名词主语+……
    ③过去分词或现在分词+be的各种形式+主语+……
    2.部分倒装(Partial Inversion)(又称半倒装句):
    指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。
    如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
    英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。
    前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;
    后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。

  • 倒装的作用:
    通常是希望强调句中的某一部分
    1. 当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子,为了起到强调的作用,可构成倒装句,只把副词放在句首,主语和谓语位置调换,不加助动词。
    Our teacher came in.
    In came our teacher.
    这种倒装要求:主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时,主语和谓语语序不变。
    Here it is.
    Away he went.
    这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
    Here comes the bus.
    Out rushed the boys.

    2. how, then, just, often 表示时间的副词放在句首,可构成倒装句,只把副词放在句首,主语和谓语位置调换,不加助动词。
    Then came 8 years of the Anti Japanese War.

    3. 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首,要用倒装句式,以示强调。
    这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置,不加助动词did, does或do.
    Under a big tree sat a fat man  half asleep.

    4. there放在句首时,要用倒装句式。
    在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如:
    live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。
    There came shouts for help from the river.
    There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
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