用括号内单词的适当形式填空。1. This society is trying to help to 8ave animals in _____ (dangerous). 2. Several people made ______ (speak) at the meeting this -九年级英语

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-s在元音和浊辅音后发/z/ 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词 在词尾加-es bus→buses box→boxes watch→watches fish→fishes -es发/iz/音 以辅音字母加-y结尾的词 变y为i再加-es family→families
factory→factories
party→patries -ies发/iz/音 以元音字母加-y结尾的词 在词尾加-s day→days
boy→boys
key→keys -s发/z/音 以f或fe结尾的词 变f或fe为v再加-es knife→knives
life→lives
wife→wives
half→halves -ves发/vz/音 以辅音字母加-o结尾的词 在词尾加-es potato→potatoes
tomato→tomatoes
hero→heroes -es发/z/音 以元音字母加-o结尾的词 在词尾加-s radio→radios
zoo→zoos -s发/z/音巧记以f\fe结尾的可数名词复数
妻子骑牛拿起刀,wife,calf,knife ↑
追得贼狼满街跑,thief,wolf →→→变f或fe为v,再加es
碰倒架子丧己命,shelf,self,life ↓
手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief,leaf,half ↓

  • 名词复数的不规则变化:
    1.不规则形式:
    child→children(儿童)
    man→men(男人)
    woman→women (女人)
    an Englishman→two Englishmen(英国人)
    foot→feet(脚)
    tooth→teeth(牙)
    mouse→mice(老鼠)
    ox →oxen(公牛)
    goose→geese(鹅)

    2.单复同形:
    deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese, species,means,Swiss
    除人民币,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。
    如:a dollar,two dollars; a meter,twometers

    3.集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数:
    people police cattle是复数
    (OK :a person,a policeman,ahead of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss )
    (Error:a people,a police,a cattle )
    表示国民总称时,作复数用。
    (The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。)

    4.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词
    maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
    news是不可数名词。

    5.表示由两部分构成的东西,
    glasses(眼镜) trousers (长裤) clothes(衣服)
    若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双)a pair of glasses  two pairs of trousers suit(套)

    6.另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思
    goods (货物) waters (水域) fishes (各种鱼)

  • 可数名词变复数的几种形式: 
    1) 单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.   
    2) 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.  
    3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies.   
    4) 以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs,proofs, chiefs.  
    5) 以o结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.  其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos.   
    6) 不规则名词:foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→men, woman→women, mouse→mice.
    7) 单复数同形的名词:sheep,fish,dee.
    注意:fish表示种类时,也用fishes这样的形式。

  • 考点名称:分词

    • 分词:
      就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,
      如时态,语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾语的性能。
      分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式。
      现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:
      现在分词表示"主动和进行",过去分词表示"被动和完成"(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。
      分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。

    • 现在分词构成形式:
      ①一般在动词原形末尾加ing,如do→doing、sing→singing、comfort→comforting
      ②以不发音的e、ue结尾的动词,先去e,再加ing,如dance→dancing、hike→hiking、write→writing、make→ making,take→taking
      ③以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词加ing,如see→seeing、toe→toeing、dye→dyeing
      ④以重读闭音节结尾的动词,并且末尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这一字母,再加ing,如cut→cutting、swim→swimming
      注:结尾是x则不必双写,如relax→relaxing
      ⑤以ie结尾的动词,要把ie变成y再加ing,如die→dying,lie→lying.
      ⑥以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ing,如picnic→picnicking,traffic→trafficking

      过去分词构成形式:
      1.规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:
      (1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。(然而要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式)
      work---worked---worked ,  visit---visited---visited
      (2)、以不发音的“ e ” 结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。
      live---lived---lived
      (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。
      study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,try---tried---tried,fry---fried---fried.[1]
      (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。
      stop---stopped---stopped  ,  drop---dropped--dropped
      (5)、以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ed,
      picnic→picnicked  ,traffic→trafficked
      2 、不规则动词:见不规则动词表

    • 分词用法:
      1、分词作状语   
      分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。   
      分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。
      当现在分词表示的动作发 生在谓语动词之前时, 则用现在分词的完成式,且所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生, 则用现在分词的一般式。
      完成或被动关系用过去分词。   
      ①现在分词:
      The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.   
      ②过去分词:
      Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. 
      Given   better attention, the plants could grow better.   

      2、“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)+分词”结构   
      现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when, once, although, until, if等连词。   
      ①现在分词:
      When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
      While waiting for  the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……   
      ②过去分词:
      Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it  well.   
      Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.   

      3、分词作定语   
      分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。
      现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。    
      We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.    
      This is really an exhausting day to all of us!   
      We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.   
      After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.   
      More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with  developed countries   

      4、分词作宾语补足语   
      现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及
      have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补语的成分。
      例:I see him passing my house every day.
      I caught him stealing things in that shop.
      I smelt something burning.

      5、分词作表语
      分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。
      过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,主语多为人。现在分词表示主语的性质,而且主语多为物;
      ①过去分词:
      We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.
      She felt confused, and even frightened.
      ②现在分词:
      He was very amusing.
      That book was rather boring.
      很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语:
      exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.

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