用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Mrs White is _____ (we) English teacher.2.What's _____ (Jim) favorite color?3._____ (her sister) favorite sport is swimming.4.W-七年级英语
tomato→tomatoes
hero→heroes
zoo→zoos
妻子骑牛拿起刀,wife,calf,knife ↑
追得贼狼满街跑,thief,wolf →→→变f或fe为v,再加es
碰倒架子丧己命,shelf,self,life ↓
手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief,leaf,half ↓
1.不规则形式:
child→children(儿童)
man→men(男人)
woman→women (女人)
an Englishman→two Englishmen(英国人)
foot→feet(脚)
tooth→teeth(牙)
mouse→mice(老鼠)
ox →oxen(公牛)
goose→geese(鹅)
2.单复同形:
deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese, species,means,Swiss
除人民币,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。
如:a dollar,two dollars; a meter,twometers
3.集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数:
people police cattle是复数
(OK :a person,a policeman,ahead of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss )
(Error:a people,a police,a cattle )
表示国民总称时,作复数用。
(The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。)
4.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词
maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
news是不可数名词。
5.表示由两部分构成的东西,
glasses(眼镜) trousers (长裤) clothes(衣服)
若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双)a pair of glasses two pairs of trousers suit(套)
6.另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思
goods (货物) waters (水域) fishes (各种鱼)
1) 单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.
2) 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.
3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies.
4) 以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs,proofs, chiefs.
5) 以o结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes. 其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos.
6) 不规则名词:foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→men, woman→women, mouse→mice.
7) 单复数同形的名词:sheep,fish,dee.
注意:fish表示种类时,也用fishes这样的形式。
考点名称:助动词的单数第三人称形式
- 助动词的单三形式:
助动词
be
do
have
shall
will
单三形式
is
does
has
shall
will
考点名称:主谓一致
- 英语中的一致主要包括主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致、时态一致、名词和其代词的一致。
主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致,即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式的变化而变化。 - 主谓一致原则:
1、语法上的一致
所谓语法一致原则,即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致。
谓语的单、复数形式依据主语的单、复数形式而定:主语为复数,谓语动词用复数;主语为单数或者是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。
China belongs to the Third World. 中国属于第三世界。
We are sure he will come. 我们肯定他会来。
使用语法一致的情况
(1)当主语是and,both…and连接的并列结构
如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物,则谓语动词用复数。
My mother and I have seen the film. 我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。
Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。
注意:由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each,every,no修饰时,其谓语动词用单数形式。
Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育。
No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 师生没有被邀请参加晚会。
(2)主语后面接说明主语的修饰语
主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如:
with,along with,together with,as well as,like,rather than,but,except,besides,including,in addition to,
谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响,仍保持同主语一致的关系。
The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。
The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car. 这个姑娘和男孩子一道,也学会了开汽车。
A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.一个有5000册书的图书馆作为礼物赠送给了国家。
E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.电邮和电话在日常的通信中起着很重要的作用。
Nobody but Jane knows the secret.只有简知道这个秘密。
All but one were here just now. 刚才除了一个人外都来了。
(3)非谓语动词或从句作主语
非谓语动词 (动词的-ing形式、不定式)或从句作主语时,谓语一般用单数形式。
When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.什么时候在什么地方建新工厂还没定下来。
Checking information is very important. 核实事实是非常重要的。
To learn foreign languages is not easy. 学习外语并非易事。
When we will hold the meeting is not decided yet. 我们何时开会尚未决定。
注意:当what引导主语从句或由 and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。
What we need here is money.我们这里需要的是资金。
What we need here are workers.我们这里需要的是工人。
Lying and stealing are immoral.说谎与偷窃是不道德的。
(4)each和复合不定代词作主语
each和some/any/no//every十body/one/thing构成的复合不定代词:
anyone、anybody、anything、everyone、everybody、everything、someone、somebody、something、no one、nobody、nothing、each、the other作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Each is worse than the one before. 一个比一个差。
Nobody knows the answer. 没有一个人知道这答案。
Someone wants to see you. 有人想见你。
Is there anything in the box?箱子里有什么东西吗?
There is a lot of milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有很多奶。
(5)“many a +单数名词”作主语
“many a、(很多)/more than one(不只一个)+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Many a student has been to Beijing. 很多学生去过北京。
There is more than one answer to your question. 你的问题不只有一个答案。
(6)“one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the等限定词和修饰语
“one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the only,the very,the等限定词和修饰语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
Tom is the only one of those boys who is willing to help the old man.
汤姆是唯一的一个愿意帮助那个老人的男孩。
He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.他是这三年来唯一的一个获得奖学金的学生。
注意:如没有这些限定词和修饰语,定语从句的谓语动词采用复数形式。
Tom is one of the boys who are always ready to help others. 汤姆是个随时愿意帮助别人的男孩。
(7)由两个部分组成的物体名词作主语
英语中有些由两个部分组成的物体名称如g1asses(眼镜),scissors(剪刀),shorts(短裤),shoes(鞋子),trousers(裤子)等作主语,其后的谓语动词用复数形式。
His glasses were broken, so he can't see well. 他的眼镜碎了,因而看不清楚。
His trousers are made of cotton. 他的裤子是棉布的。
注意:若这类名词前带有pair等表示单位的名词时,则以这些名词的单、复数形式决定动词的形式。
Two pairs of trousers are missing. 两条裤子不见了。
This pair of shoes is not on sale. 这双鞋不出售。
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