②过去分词：
Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. 
Given   better attention, the plants could grow better. 　　

2、“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)＋分词”结构 　　
现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, until, if等连词。 　　
①现在分词：
When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
While waiting for  the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work…… 　　
②过去分词：
Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it  well. 　　
Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand. 　　

3、分词作定语 　　
分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。
现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。 　　 
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund. 　　 
This is really an exhausting day to all of us! 　　
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. 　　
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day. 　　
More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with  developed countries 　　

4、分词作宾语补足语 　　
现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及
have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。
例：I see him passing my house every day.
I caught him stealing things in that shop.
I smelt something burning.

5、分词作表语
分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。
过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；
①过去分词：
We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.
She felt confused, and even frightened.
②现在分词：
He was very amusing.
That book was rather boring.
很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语：
exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.

考点名称：动词短语

• 动词短语：
  由动词和动短语成，或以动词为中心，功能同动词的短语叫动词短语,动词短语是动词的一种固定搭配形式，动词短语的搭配可分为下列四种基本类型。

• 动词短语搭配形式：
  1．动词+副词
  ①作及物动词，例： 
  He brought up his children strictly． 　　
  从以上的例句中可以看出，在“动词+副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况：
  宾语如是名词，则可置于副词后面，亦可置于动词和副词之间。
  而如果宾语是代词，只能置于动词后面，即动词和副词之间。 　　
  ②作不及物动词，例： 　　 
  Something unexpected has turned up． 出现了令人意外的情况。（turn up=appear） 　　
  ③既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，例： 　　
  The barrel of gunpowder blew up．（不及物）火药桶爆炸了。 　　
  The soldiers blew up the bridge．（及物）士兵们把桥炸毁了。
  
  2．动词+介词 
  动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词，宾语总是在介词后面，例：
  I don’t much care for television．我不很喜欢电视。（care for=like）
  
  3．动词+副词+介词
  在这类动词短语中，动词、副词、介词紧密结合，是动副词组和动介词组的合成体，词义上相当于一个及物动词。
  它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点，但宾语总是位于介词之后，例： 
  We must work hard to make up for lost time．我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。（make up for＝compensate）
  
  4．动词+名词
  这类动词短语中的常见动词是have，take，give，make等，
  后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词，并表达了短语动词的真正意义，例： 　　 
  Let’s have another try．让我们再试一下。（have a try=v．try） 　
  
  5．动词+名词+介词 　　 
  这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语总是位于介词之后，
   例：Keep an eye on the baby while I am out．我不在家时请照看一下小孩子。 　　
  
  6．be+形容词（包括过去分词作形容词）+介词 　　 
  这类动词短语也相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后面，形容词是短语动词的真正词义，
  例：I know he is slow at understanding，but you have to be patient with him. 我知道他理解力差，但你得对他耐心些。

• 动词短语与短语动词:
  <?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />一、短语动词
  (1)短语动词常常是两个词（一个动词+一个副词性小品）构成，如：wake up , get up ,turn out 等。

  (2)同一个动词后面可以有不同的副词性小品词，构成不同意义的短语动词。如：He turn on the radio .Bob turned out smiling.

  (3）短语动词用法普遍，尤其在非正式语言中：

  我们可以说 He awoke late the following morning .但这太正式了。

  我们通常说 He woke up late the following morning .

  
  短语动词的类型

  Here is a page from Mr Jones` diary :

  Monday ,February 5th.

  *有些短语动词不带宾语：

  The car broke down .Cigarette prices are going up.

  *多数主短语动词可以带宾语，宾语通常在副词性小品词的前或后：

  动词+副词性小品词+宾语 动词+宾语+副词性小品词

  I rang up a garage. I rang a garage up.

  如果宾语较长，则通常放在副词之后：

  I filled in an application form.(不说 I filled an application form in .)

  如果宾语是代词，其结构通常如下：

  动词+代词+副词性小品词

  I put it down.(不说 I put down it .)

  *有些短语动词是由三个词构成的（动词