原状becauseof，、owingto、dueto表语形容词

under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。

before、after表一点，ago、later表一段。

before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。

since以来during间，since时态多变换。

与之相比beside，除了lastbutone。

复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。

快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。

butfor否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。

ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。

之后、关于、在。。。。。。方面，有关介词须记全。

in内to外表位置，山、水、国界to在前。

考点名称：it 的用法

• “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配，是英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年考试的热点，因此在复习中应给予足够的重视。

• It 句型归纳：
  1． It is ＋adj．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．
  用于此句型的形容词有：easy， hard， difficult，possible， important， impossible， necessary， good， bad， exciting， interesting， surprising等。如：
   It is necessary to change your job．
   It was very hard for them to walk such a long way in the snow．
  2．It is ＋n．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．
  用于此句型的名词有： pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。如：
   It is a pity for you to have missed such a wonderful play．
   It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old．
  3．It is ＋adj．＋of sb．＋to do sth．
  此句型中的形容词主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有： kind, nice, wise,
  silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。如：
   How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance！
   It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house．
  4．It is ＋adj．（＋n．）＋doing sth．
  此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有：no／little use, no／much good, useless等。如：
   It’s no use crying over spilt milk．
  5．It takes sb．＋一段时间＋to do sth． 表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”。如：
  It took us half an hour to ride to the town by the sea．
  6．It is ＋及物动词的过去分词＋that从句
  此句型中常见的及物动词的过去分词有：said, told, known, reported, recorded, thought, believed, considered等。如：
  It is reported that the Russian President will visit China next week．
  7．It ＋不及物动词＋that从句
  此句型中不及物动词常见的有：seem， happen， appear， matter等。如：
   It seems that there will be a heavy snow tomorrow．
   It happened that I met my good friends in the museum yesterday．
  8．强调句型：It is＋被强调部分＋that／who从句
  在使用强调句型时要注意，指人时可以用who或that，其它情况一律用that。如：
   It was under the bed that my brother hid the ball this morning．
   It is Mr Bell who／that often comes and looks after the old man．
  9．It is／has been＋一段时间＋since从句。如：
  It is ／has been three years since we saw each other last．
  10．It is (high) time that sb． did sth．
  该句型表示“某人现在该做某事了”，从句常用过去时（虚拟语气）说明现在应该做的事情。如：
   It’s six o’clock．It is high time that we went home now．
  
  It 常用的固定搭配：
  1. make it
  （1）在口语当中相当于succeed，表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达
  例  It's hard to make it to the top in show business.
  （2）在口语中相当于fix the date for，表示“约定好时间”
  例  —Shall we meet next week？
  —OK. We just make it next Saturday.
  2. as it is
  （1）相当于in fact，in reality表示“事实上，实际情况是……”
  例  We had planed to finish the task today，but as it is we probably won't finish it until next week.
  （2）相当于方式状语从句，表示“照原样”
  例  Leave the table as it is.
  3. as it were
  相当于as one might say，that is to say，表示“也就是说，可以说，换句话说”
  例  He is，as it were，a modern Sherlock Holmes.
  4. if it weren't for…/if it hadn't been for…
  用来引导虚拟语气，相当于without，or but for，表示“如果不是……，要不是……”
  例  If it weren't for Tom，I wouldn't be alive today.
  5. that's it
  （1）相当于That's all. That's so much. 表示“至此为止，没有别的了”
  例  You can have one more sweet，and that's it.
  （2）相当于 That's right.表示“对啦”
  例  — I guess the key to the problem is thechoice “A”
  —That's it.
  6. catch it
  在口语中，相当于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示“因做错事而挨骂，受责备，受批评，受惩罚”
  例  We'll really catch it form our teacher if we're late for class again.
  7. have it
  （1）相当于say，insist表示“说，主张，表明，硬说”
  例  Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.
  （2）相当于get to know something，表示“了解，知道，获悉”
  例  I had it from John that she was going abroad.
  8. have what it takes
  在口语中，相当于be well qualified for，表示“具有成功的条件”
  例  You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star.
  9. so it seems / appears.
  10. Keep at it！（Don't give up！）
  相当于go on，表示“继续做，不放弃”
  例  My teacher asked me to keep at it.
  11. Go it！（Go on！）拼命干，莽撞
  12. Now you have done it！（You have done sth. wrong.）
  13. Now you'll catch it！（You'll be punished.）
  14. As it happened，…
  在口语中，相当于it's a pity that…，表示“真不凑巧，真遗憾”
  例  As it happened，they were out.
  15. As it turned out，…
  在口语中，相当于it was found to be in the end，表示“最后被证明是”
  例  As it turned out，his statement was false.
  16. Such as it is（they are）
  在口语中，相当于although it may not be worth much，表示“虽然没有多大价值”
  例  You can borrow my exam notebook，such as it is.
  17. Take it/things easy.
  相当于Don't worry or don't hurry. 用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，存住气”
  例  Take it easy！ He will do it well.
  18. Take it from me.
  在口语中，相当于believe me what I say.表示“请相信我的话，我敢担保”
  例  You can take it from me that he will make it this time.
  19. For what it is worth…
  在口语中，相当于although I'm not sure it's of value，表示“不管其价值如何”