句型转换1. I suppose they will have a picnic.(改为否定句)I _________ suppose they _______ have a picnic.2. When you are invited for 8 :00 ,you should come la-九年级英语

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疑问式:may I?might I?等
否定疑问式:may I not?/mayn't I?等
表示许可的may的其他形式可用allow,be allowed的相应形式代替。
4)may后面接不带to的不定式(即动词原形)。
5)can用来表示许可
6)can用于所有人称的现在时及将来时的句子中。
7)could用于所有人称的过去时及条件句中。
否定式:can not/can't,could not/could't
疑问式:can I?could I?等。
否定疑问式:can I not?/can't I?could I not?/couldn't I?等。
表示许可的can的其他形式可用于allow,be allowde的相应形式代替。
can与不带to的不定式连用。

shall和will的用法:
1)shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时,例如:
I shall study harder at English.我将更加努力地学习英语。
He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。
说明:
在过去的语法中,语法学家说shall用于第一人称,will 只用于第二、第三人称。
现在,尤其是在口语中,will常用于第一人称,但shall只用于第一人称,如用于第二、第三人称,就失去助动词的意义,已变为情态动词,试比较:
He shall come.他必须来。(shall有命令的意味。)
He will come.他要来。(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。)
2)shall在疑问句中,用于第一,第三人称,征求对方意愿
shall I turn on the light?
要开灯吗?( 我把灯打开好吗?)
shall he come to see you?
他要不要来看你
(比较: will he come to see you? 他会不会来看你)
3)shall 用在陈述句,与第二第三人称连用,变为情态动词,表示允诺,命令,警告,和说话人的决心等。

should,would的用法:
1)should无词义,只是shall的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,只用于第一人称,例如:
I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.
我昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么。
比较:
"What shall I do next week?" I asked.
"我下周干什么?"我问道。(可以说,shall变成直接引语时,变成了should。)
2)would也无词义,是will的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、第三人称,例如:
He said he would come.他说他要来。
比较:
"I will go," he said. 他说:"我要去那儿。"
变成间接引语,就成了:
He said he would come.
原来的will变成would,go变成了come.。过去式从原来的go变为came。

  • 基本助动词只有三个:
    be, do,have,他们没有词汇意义,只有语法作用,如协助构成进行体,完成体,被动态,否定句,疑问句等。
    例如:
    He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告
    He has made a plan. 他已经订了计划
    The small animals are kept in the cages. 小动物都关在笼子里。
    助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用:
    a. 表示时态,例如:
    He is singing. 他在唱歌。
    He has got married. 他已结婚。
    b. 表示语态,例如:
    He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
    c. 构成疑问句,例如:
    Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
    Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
    d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:
    I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
    e. 加强语气,例如:
    Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
    He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。

  • 考点名称:被动语态

    • 语态:
      是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。
      语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
      如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;
      如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。

    • 被动语态的构成:
      被动语态的基本结构:
      主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者)
      ① 一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词
      如:Trees are planted every year.
      ② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词
      如:The road is being repaired. 
      ③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词
      如:The work has been finished.
      ④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
      如:The story was told by him.
      Many birds were killed last year.
      ⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词
      如: The new house was being painted when I got home.
      ⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词
      如: He told me that the work had been finished.
      ⑦一般将来时  will +be + 过去分词
      如:The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
      ⑧ 过去将来时 would/should +be +过去分词
      如: He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.
      ⑨情态动词的被动语态
      情态动词+ be +过去分词    
      如:The problem must be solved soon.
      Children should be taught to love animals.

    • 被动语态使用注意:
      1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 如:happen, break down, come out......
      What will happen in 100 years.
      The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
      2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如: write, sell, ride.....
      This pen writes well.
      This new book sells well.
      3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带“to”,但变为被动语态时,须加上“to”。
      例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
      see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
      A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
      The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
      4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
      He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
      He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
      My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
      5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
      We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.
      He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
      The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
      构成be+done.

    • 主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤:
      ①把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
      ②把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词,并注意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持不变。
      ③原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格),如不需要则可省略。
      ④其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。

      不用于被动语态的情形:
      ①不及物动词没有被动语态
      这类动词有take place, happen, come about, break out, appear, disappear, last,  arise等。
      例如:A fire broke out during the night.
      ②某些静态动词不用于被动语态
      这类动词有have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble等。 
      例如:My shoes do not fit me.
      ③宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态
      例如:We should help each other.

      关于主动形式表示被动意义:
      ①系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式。
      例如:The building looks very beautiful.
      ②当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
      例如:The book sells well.
      ③有的动词本身含有被动意味,通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。
      例如:Her eyes filled with tears.
      ④不定式to blame, to let用作表语时,通常要用主动表被动。
      例如:Who is to blame?
      ⑤某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。
      例如:The book is difficult to understand.
      ⑥不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
      例如:Do you have time to help us?
      ⑦在too...to do sth.和...enough to do sth. 这两个结构中,若主语与其后不定式为to do sth.被动关系,则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用 被动式)。
      例如:The writing is too faint to read.
      ⑧be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。
      例如:This movie is worth seeing.
      ⑨在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。
      例如:The house needs cleaning.

      表示“据说”的三类被动句型:
      ①It is said that...句式
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