题文

阅读短文，根据短文内容和已给出的首字母完成单词，并将完整的单词写在短文后面的横线上。 A volunteer vacation can provide you with fun, learning and a chance to help others. Have you ever t__小题1:___ a volunteer vacation? Barbara Everhart , an American mom and her 10-year-old daughter, Kailey , traveled to Mexico to b_ 小题2: a small house. With their group , they s 小题3:  in a co-op(合作的) hotel in a nearby town. The hotel was run by local women. In the hotel women did e  小题4:  from making the soup to cleaning the room. Everhart and her daughter didn’t have any building skills, b 小题5:   that wasn’t important. They were a 小题6:  to help chop and carry bamboo from the forest. Kailey also got to play with the local children, see their school and t 小题7:  them a few words of English. “ From this kind of trip, children l__小题8: that the world is a lot bigger than their neighborhood.” Everhart said. “They get a c 小题9:  to see another place, another culture and another world.” Have you been interested in volunteering vacations? If you want to h小题10:   others while having fun on vacation, take a volunteer vacation with your parents.”

题型：完形填空  难度：中档

答案

小题1:taken 小题2:build 小题3:stayed 小题4:everything 小题5:but 小题6:able 小题7:teach 小题8:learn 小题9:chance 小题10:help

试题分析：这篇短文主要是介绍在志愿者假期可以提供你学习的机会与乐趣，介绍了一位美国妈妈和一个十岁的女儿到到墨西哥去旅行通过建造房子了解了当地的文化和另一个世界志愿者假期是一个锻炼的好机会。 小题1:考查词组。句意：你曾经参加过志愿者假期吗。 Take a volunteer vacation志愿者假期， 结合语境用完成时填taken。 小题2:考查动词。句意：到墨西哥旅行去建造一所房子。Build 建造,动词不定式做目的状语，故填build. 小题3:考查动词。句意：她们呆在一个城镇最近的一个旅馆里。呆在某地用stay。 小题4:考查不定代词词。句意：在旅馆里这个女人做一切的事情从做汤到打扫。Everything不定代词意思是一切的事情。故填everything。 小题5:考查连词。句意：母亲和女儿没有间房子的技能但是这不是重要的。根据that wasn’t important.可知构成转折关系故填but。 小题6:考查短语。Be able to能做某使，句意：他们能帮着劈柴和搬竹子 ……。结合语境填able 小题7:考查词组。句意; Kailey也能和当地的孩子玩，看他们的学校，交给他们英语，词组teach sb+科目表示教某人什么科目。结合句意故填teach 小题8:考查动词。句意：通过这次旅行孩子们可以学到世界比他们的社区大得多，故填learn 。 小题9:考查名语。句意：他们得到了看到另一个地方，另一个文化，另一个世界的机会。Chance机会的意思结合语境故填chance. 小题10:考查动词。句意：如果你想帮助别人获得乐趣和你的父母参加义工假期。故填help.

据专家权威分析，试题“阅读短文，根据短文内容和已给出的首字母完成单词，并将完整的单..”主要考查你对  被动语态  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：

被动语态

考点名称：被动语态

• 语态：
  是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。
  语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
  如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；
  如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。

• 被动语态的构成:
  被动语态的基本结构：
  主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者）
  ① 一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词
  如：Trees are planted every year.
  ② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词
  如：The road is being repaired. 
  ③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词
  如：The work has been finished.
  ④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
  如：The story was told by him.
  Many birds were killed last year.
  ⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词
  如： The new house was being painted when I got home.
  ⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词
  如： He told me that the work had been finished.
  ⑦一般将来时  will +be + 过去分词
  如：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
  ⑧ 过去将来时 would/should +be +过去分词
  如： He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.
  ⑨情态动词的被动语态
  情态动词+ be +过去分词    
  如：The problem must be solved soon.
  Children should be taught to love animals.

• 被动语态使用注意:
  1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 如：happen, break down, come out......
  What will happen in 100 years.
  The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
  2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如： write, sell, ride.....
  This pen writes well.
  This new book sells well.
  3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带“to”，但变为被动语态时，须加上“to”。
  例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
  see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
  A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
  The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
  4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
  He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
  He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
  My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
  5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
  We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.
  He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
  The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
  构成be+done.

• 主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
  ①把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
  ②把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
  ③原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。
  ④其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
  
  不用于被动语态的情形：
  ①不及物动词没有被动语态
  这类动词有take place, happen, come about, break out, appear, disappear, last,  arise等。
  例如：A fire broke out during the night.
  ②某些静态动词不用于被动语态