按要求改写句子。1. Thanks for your letter. (改为同义句)__________for_____ a letter to me.2. My sister and I go to the park on weekends.(改为同义句)I go to t-七年级英语

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two Americans

考点名称:疑问代词

  • 疑问代词:
    疑问代词在句中起名词的作用,用来构成疑问句。常用的疑问代词有:   
    what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever   
    疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有词性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。 
    what, which, whose还可作限定词。
    Whose books are these on the desk?
    桌上的书是谁的?
    What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?
    美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?
    What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?
    哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?
    疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个:
    指 人: who, whom, whose
    指 物: what
    既可指人又可指物: which

  • 疑问代词说明:
    一、无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如:
    Which girls do you like best?
    你喜欢哪几个姑娘?
    What girls do you like best?
    你喜欢什么样的姑娘?

    二、Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如:
    Who(m) did you meet on the street?
    你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)
    Who(m) are you taking the book to?
    你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)
    To whom did you speak on the campus?
    你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词 后,不能用who取代。)

    三、疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句未,例如:
    For what do most people live and work?大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体)
    What are you looking for?你在找什么?(现代英语)

    四、疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如:
    I can't make out what he is driving at.
    我不知道他用意何在。
    Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?
    你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?
    Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.
    你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。

  • 疑问代词用法:
    1. 疑问代词有who, whom, whose, which和what, 都是用来构成疑问句的:
    Who is calling? 谁打电话来?
    Whom do you want to speak to? 你想找谁接电话?
    作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom,在口语中用who作宾语时也不少:
    Who did you mean? 你指的是谁?
    Who are you talking about? 你们在讲谁?
    直接跟在介词后时只能用whom:
    With whom did you come? 你和谁一道来的?
    (口语中说“Who did you come with?时更多一些。)

    2. 其他三个疑问代词可用作:
    1)主语:
    What’s your address? 你的地址怎样写?
    Whose is better? 谁的好一些?
    Which of these is yours? 哪一本是你的?
    2)宾语:
    What do you mean? 你是什么意思?
    Which do you like better? 哪一个你更喜欢一些?
    Whose have you chosen? 你选了谁的?
    3)表语:
    What’s her name? 她叫什么名字?
    Whose is it? 这是谁的?
    4)定语(这样用时有些字典标作形容词):
    What time does the train leave? 这列火车什么时候离开?
    Which room shall we stay in? 我们住哪间房?
    Whose passport is this? 这是谁的护照?

考点名称:分词

  • 分词:
    就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,
    如时态,语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾语的性能。
    分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式。
    现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:
    现在分词表示"主动和进行",过去分词表示"被动和完成"(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。
    分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。

  • 现在分词构成形式:
    ①一般在动词原形末尾加ing,如do→doing、sing→singing、comfort→comforting
    ②以不发音的e、ue结尾的动词,先去e,再加ing,如dance→dancing、hike→hiking、write→writing、make→ making,take→taking
    ③以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词加ing,如see→seeing、toe→toeing、dye→dyeing
    ④以重读闭音节结尾的动词,并且末尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这一字母,再加ing,如cut→cutting、swim→swimming
    注:结尾是x则不必双写,如relax→relaxing
    ⑤以ie结尾的动词,要把ie变成y再加ing,如die→dying,lie→lying.
    ⑥以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ing,如picnic→picnicking,traffic→trafficking

    过去分词构成形式:
    1.规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:
    (1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。(然而要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式)
    work---worked---worked ,  visit---visited---visited
    (2)、以不发音的“ e ” 结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。
    live---lived---lived
    (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。
    study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,try---tried---tried,fry---fried---fried.[1]
    (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。
    stop---stopped---stopped  ,  drop---dropped--dropped
    (5)、以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ed,
    picnic→picnicked  ,traffic→trafficked
    2 、不规则动词:见不规则动词表

  • 分词用法:
    1、分词作状语   
    分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。   
    分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。
    当现在分词表示的动作发 生在谓语动词之前时, 则用现在分词的完成式,且所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生, 则用现在分词的一般式。
    完成或被动关系用过去分词。   
    ①现在分词:
    The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.   
    ②过去分词:
    Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. 
    Given   better attention, the plants could grow better.   

    2、“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)+分词”结构   
    现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when, once, although, until, if等连词。   
    ①现在分词:
    When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
    While waiting for  the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……   
    ②过去分词:
    Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it  well.   
    Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.   

    3、分词作定语   
    分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。
    现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。    
    We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.    
    This is really an exhausting day to all of us!   
    We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.   
    After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.   
    More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with  developed countries   

    4、分词作宾语补足语   
    现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及
    have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补语的成分。
    例:I see him passing my house every day.
    I caught him stealing things in that shop.
    I smelt something burning.

    5、分词作表语
    分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。
    过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,主语多为人。现在分词表示主语的性质,而且主语多为物;
    ①过去分词:
    We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.
    She felt confused, and even frightened.

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