用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.I like _______(run) and_______ (swim). 2. Do you like ________(listen) music?3.________ you ________ (like) computer games?4.W-七年级英语

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     Swimming is a good sport in summer.   
2. 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。   
动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如:
It is no use telling him not to worry.   
常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。   
注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。   
3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如:   
There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。    
4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如:   
No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). (禁止吸烟)   
No parking. (禁止停车)   
5. 动名词的复合结构作主语   
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构
(这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。
动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如:    
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.   

二、动名词作宾语
1.作动词的宾语   
某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:
admit, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid,  consider, enjoy, finish     
They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走,说个不停。 
I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。   
Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic  regulations.   
每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。    
2.作介词的宾语   
We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。   
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活?   
3.作形容词的宾语   
The music is well worth listening to more than once.  这种曲子很值得多听几遍。   
We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。

三、动名词作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。
表语、动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。   
Your task is cleaning the windows.   你的任务就是擦窗户。
(Cleaning the windows is your task.)   
What I hate most is being laughed at.  我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。
(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)

四、动名词作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:   
a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking   
a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing    
a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading   
a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring   
sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping

  • 动名词是非限定动词的一种形式,由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,故称。
    动名词也有时态和语态的变化,如表所示(以及物动词write为例),不及物动词没有语态的变化。
    时态、语态 主动 被动
    一般式 writing being  written
    完成式
    having written
    having been written

  • 动名词使用注意事项:
    1) 动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数
    2) 在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词
    3) 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语
    例:I would appreciate you calling back this afternoon.
    4) 有些词后只能接动名词
    acknowledge;admit; advise;advocate;allow;appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny;
    detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help;
    hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent;
    recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...
    5) 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法
    it’s no good; it’s no/little/hardly any/ use; it’s not/hardly/scarcely use; it’s worthwhile; spend money/time; there’s no;
    there’s no point in; there’s nothing worse than; what’s the use/point
    6) 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可
    remember,forget,try,stop,go on,continue,stop,regret,cease,mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意义截然不容。
    例:remember to do/doing:
    ①I remembered to post the letters.(指未来/过去未来将要做的动作)
    ②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.(我记得做过这个动作)
     forget与remember的用法类似。
     regret的用法:
    ①I regret to inform you that…(我很遗憾地通知你……)
    ②I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.(为了“二十年前的离开”而遗憾。)
     try to(努力)与try +–ing(试验):
    ①You really must try to overcome your shyness.
    ②Try practicing five hours a day.

  • 考点名称:助动词

    • 助动词:
      协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。
      助动词是语法功能词,自身没有词义,不可单独使用,只能和别的动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气等,或表示疑问或否定。
      常用的助动词有:
      be,do,does,did,have,has,shall,will,would等。

    • 常见助动词用法:
      have的用法:
      have作助动词
      形式:
      主要变化形式:have,has,had
      动名词/现在分词:having
      1)have +过去分词,构成完成时态,例:
      He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。
      By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.
      上月末为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。
      2)have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时(现在完成时),例:
      I have been studying English for ten years.我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。
      3)have+been +过去分词,构成完成时态的被动语态,例:
      English has been taught in China for many years.中国教英语已经多年。

      do的用法:
      形式
      主要变化形式:do,did,done
      动名词/现在分词:doing
      1) 构成一般疑问句,例如:
      Do you want to pass the CET?你想通过大学英语测试吗?
      Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗?
      2)do + not 构成否定句,例如:
      I do not want to be criticized.我不想挨批评。
      He doesn't like to study.他不想学习。
      In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。
      3) 构成否定祈使句,例如:
      Don't go there. 不要去那里。
      Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。
      说明: 构成否定祈使句只用do,。
      4)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气,例如:
      Do come to my birthday party please.请一定来参加我的生日宴会。
      I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。
      I do miss you. 我确实想你。我真想你了!
      5)用于倒装句,例如:
      Never did I hear of such a thing.
      我从未听说过这样的事情。
      Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.
      只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。
      说明: 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。
      6)用作代替动词,例如:
      Do you like Beijing? 你喜欢北京吗?
      Yes,I do.是的,喜欢。(do用作代动词,代替like Beijing.)
      He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he?他知道如何开车,对吧?

      may和can:
      1) may用来表示许可
      2)may用于所有人称的现在时及将来时句子中。
      3)might用于所有人称的过去时及条件句中。
      否定形式:may not/mayn't,might not/mightn't
      疑问式:may I?might I?等
      否定疑问式:may I not?/mayn't I?等
      表示许可的may的其他形式可用allow,be allowed的相应形式代替。

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