how: Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗？
where: I don’t know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。（引导宾语从句）
when: Tell me when you’ll be ready. 告诉我你什么时候准备好。（引导宾语从句）
why: That’s why I came round. 这就是我来的原因。（引导表语从句）

一些其它类型的副词，如表示方向的副词：
Let’s go inside. 咱们到里面去。
Take two steps forward. 向前走两步。

副词的位置：
1、实义动词前，be动词、情态动词之后。
I am also Bush.
I can also do that.
I also want to play that games.
I get up early in the morning everyday. 我每天早早起床。
He gave me a gift yesterday. 他昨天给了我一件礼物。
She didn't drink water enough. 她喝的水不够。
The train goes fast. 火车跑得快。
We can go to this school freely. 我们可以免费到这家学校学习。
They left a life hardly then. 当时他们的生活很艰难。
He has a new hat on today. 他今天戴了一顶新帽子。
I have seen this film twice with my friends. 这部电影我和朋友看过两次。

2、副词修饰形容词,副词时,副词在前面,而被修饰的词在后面。
It's rather easy, I can do it. 这很容易,我能做到。
He did it quite well. 他做得相当好。
It's rather difficult to tell who is right.很难说谁是对的。
It's so important that I must tell my friends. 这件事太重要了，我得告诉我的朋友。
It's much better. 好多了。

3、频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和助动词的后面。
I often help him these days. 这些日子我经常帮助他。
I always remember the day when I first came to this school.
我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天。
You mustn't always help me. 你不能老是帮助我。
He seldom comes to see us. 他很少来看我们。
We usually go shopping once a week. 我们通常一周买一次东西。
The new students don't always go to dance. 新学生并不时常去跳舞。

4、疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面。
When do you study everyday? 你每天什么时间学习?
Can you tell me how you did it? 你能告诉我你如何做的吗?
First, let me ask you some questions. 先让我来问几个问题。
How much does this bike cost? 这辆车子多少钱？
Either you go or he comes. 不是你去就是他来。
The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 当老师进教室时，学生们正在读书。

5、时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面时间副词在后面。
We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday.
昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了.
What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon?
昨天下午你在教室里干什么？
The accident took place in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago.
一小时前十一号大街发生了一场事故。

6、否定副词在句首，句子要倒装，如：
Never have I felt so excited!

兼有两种形式的副词：
1) close与closely
close意思是"近"； closely 意思是"仔细地"
He is sitting close to me.
Watch him closely.

2) late 与lately
late意思是"晚"； lately 意思是"最近"
You have come too late.
What have you been doing lately?

3) deep与deeply
deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
Even father was deeply moved by the film.

4) high与highly
high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much
The plane was flying high.
I think highly of your opinion.

5) wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"
He opened the door wide.
English is widely used in the world.

6) free与freely
free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地"
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.
You may speak freely; say what you like.
副词有加a或ly的 区别在于通常加a 的副词描述一种状态，而加ly 的副词则倾向于感觉。

考点名称：不定式

• 动词不定式：
  指由to加上动词原形（而且只能是动词原形）所构成的一种非限定性动词，但在有些情况下to可以省略。
  动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。

• 动词不定式可以作以上各种成分，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性。
  动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。
  这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语，其形式如下：
  

  时态	主动形式	被动形式
  一般式	(not) to do	(not) to be done
  完成式	(not) to have done	(not) to have been done
  进行式	(not) to be doing
  完成进行式	(not) to have been doing

• 不定式的用法:
  1、不定式作主语
  例如：To remember this is very important.
  注意：为了避免头重脚轻，在许多情况下，通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后部，而在句首主语位置使用形式主语it。
  例如：It is very important to remember this.
  2、不定式作表语
  例如：He seems to be ill.
  注意：不定式作表语主要有三种情况，一是用于seem, appear, prove等系动词之后的不 定式（尤其是to be），
  二是像My job is to sweep the floor. 这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形，
  三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等，如： 
  You are to come when I call.
  3、不定式作宾语
  例如：I can not afford to buy a car.
  注意：
  ①不定式不仅用作动词的宾语，还可用作个别介词（but, except）的宾语。
  例如：I had no choice but to wait.
  ②当作宾语的不定式后跟有宾语补足语时，通常要用形式宾语it代替不定式，并将真正的宾语不定式置于宾语补足语之后
  例如：I find it difficult to learn Japanese well.
  4、不定式作宾语补足语
  例如：Who taught you to drive?
  5、不定式作定语
  例如：I have a question to ask you.
  注意：有的名词（如way, chance, right等）后用作不定式可换成of doing sth.
  如：It is the best way to do (of doing) it.
  但是以下名词后接不定式作定语时通常不能换成of doing sth.
  attempt  courage  decision  effort  fortune  failure  invitation  wish
  6、不定式作状语
  例如：I went to France to learn French.