根据下列句子的意思及所给的提示,写出空缺处单词、固定短语或固定搭配的正确形式。 1. Do you know the __________ (win) telephone number? I want to call him. 2. T-九年级英语

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I met her at the doctor's(office).我在诊所遇见了她。
He has gone to the tailor's(shop).他到服装店去了。
She went to Mr.Black's(house)yesterday.她昨天到布莱克先生家去了。
b、名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,往往可以省略,以免重复。例如:
Whose pen is this?It's Tom's.这是谁的钢笔?是汤姆的。
The bike is not mine,but Wang Pinpin's.这辆自行车不是我的,是王品品的。

二、of 所有格的用法
of 所有格由of 加名词构成,其用法归纳如下:
1.of所有格一般用于无生命的东西的名词中。例如:
a map of the world
the story of a hero
the windows of the room
the title of the film
2.用于名词化的词。例如:
the sticks of the blind 盲人的拐杖
3.修饰词较多时也可用of所有格。例如:
the very long and graceful tail of the black cat 黑猫的又长又美的尾巴
4.表示有生命的东西的名词,有时也可以用of所有格。例如:
the children of the family 那家的孩子们
某些of所有格和's所有格可以互换。
the son of a poor peasant=a poor peasant's son 一个贫农的儿子
但有时含义却不相同,请比较下面的例子:
an old woman's story(一个老妇人讲自己的身世)
the story of an old woman(别人讲一个老妇人的身世)

三、's所有格和of所有格可以表示下面的关系:
1.所有关系
the students'reading room 学生阅览室
2.主谓关系
the arrival of the train 火车的到达
3.动宾关系
the search of knowledge 知识的探究
4.同位关系
the name of Kate 凯特这个名字

四、双重所有格及其用法
's所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起,构成"of+所有格"形式,即双重的所有格。
它通常表示部分观念,即全体中的一部分,在意义上与"one of..."相似,它主要修饰of短语之前的那个名词。
此外,双重所有格与指示代词连用时,常带有感情色彩,如赞赏、不满、厌恶等。它的主要形式如下:
1.名词+of+名词性物主代词。例如:
a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友
an interesting story of his 他的有趣的经历
2.名词+of+'s所有格。例如:
He is a friend of my sister's.(=one of my sister's friends)他是我姐姐的一个朋友。
Look at that long nose of Jack's.看杰克的那个长鼻子。(感情色彩)
试比较:
a picture of Xiao Zhang 小张(本人)的照片
a picture of Xiao Zhang's 小张(具有的照片中)的一张照片
此外,不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词(some,any,many,no,few等)以及which等限定词,
一般不与形容词性物主代词或's所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词,而采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。例如:
most of the students 学生中的大多数
three of them 他们中的三个人
I have read some books of his.我读过他的一些书。
Which book of Qiong Yao's have you read?你读过琼瑶的哪一本书?

考点名称:被动语态

  • 语态:
    是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。
    语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
    如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;
    如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。

  • 被动语态的构成:
    被动语态的基本结构:
    主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者)
    ① 一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词
    如:Trees are planted every year.
    ② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词
    如:The road is being repaired. 
    ③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词
    如:The work has been finished.
    ④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
    如:The story was told by him.
    Many birds were killed last year.
    ⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词
    如: The new house was being painted when I got home.
    ⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词
    如: He told me that the work had been finished.
    ⑦一般将来时  will +be + 过去分词
    如:The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
    ⑧ 过去将来时 would/should +be +过去分词
    如: He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.
    ⑨情态动词的被动语态
    情态动词+ be +过去分词    
    如:The problem must be solved soon.
    Children should be taught to love animals.

  • 被动语态使用注意:
    1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 如:happen, break down, come out......
    What will happen in 100 years.
    The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
    2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如: write, sell, ride.....
    This pen writes well.
    This new book sells well.
    3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带“to”,但变为被动语态时,须加上“to”。
    例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
    see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
    A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
    The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
    4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
    He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
    He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
    My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
    5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
    We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.
    He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
    The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
    构成be+done.

  • 主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤:
    ①把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
    ②把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词,并注意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持不变。
    ③原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格),如不需要则可省略。
    ④其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。

    不用于被动语态的情形:
    ①不及物动词没有被动语态
    这类动词有take place, happen, come about, break out, appear, disappear, last,  arise等。
    例如:A fire broke out during the night.
    ②某些静态动词不用于被动语态
    这类动词有have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble等。 
    例如:My shoes do not fit me.
    ③宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态
    例如:We should help each other.

    关于主动形式表示被动意义:
    ①系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式。
    例如:The building looks very beautiful.
    ②当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如:The book sells well.
    ③有的动词本身含有被动意味,通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。
    例如:Her eyes filled with tears.
    ④不定式to blame, to let用作表语时,通常要用主动表被动。
    例如:Who is to blame?
    ⑤某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如:The book is difficult to understand.
    ⑥不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如:Do you have time to help us?
    ⑦在too...to do sth.和...enough to do sth. 这两个结构中,若主语与其后不定式为to do sth.被动关系,则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用 被动式)。
    例如:The writing is too faint to read.
    ⑧be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。
    例如:This movie is worth seeing.
    ⑨在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。
    例如:The house needs cleaning.

    表示“据说”的三类被动句型:
    ①It is said that...句式
    例如:It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number.
    ②There is said that...句式 
    例如:There is said to be plenty of oil off our coast.
    ③sb./sth.is said that...句式
    例如:Mr. Brown is said to have died of liver cancer.

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