考点名称：直接引语，间接引语

• 直接引语和间接引语：
  引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是讲述别人的原话，并把它放在引号里，这叫直接引语；
  另一种是用自己的话来转述别人，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语。直接引语和间接引语之间可以互相转换。

• 直接引语和间接引语关系:
  直接引语：直接引述别人的话（句子中有“”）。
  间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语”（句子中一般无“”） 
  间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：
  人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
  1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that 引导。例如：
  She said, "I am very happy to help you."→She said that she was very happy to help you.
  2. 直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if 引导。例如：
  He asked me, "Do you like playing football?"→He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.
  注意：大多数情况下，if和whether 可以互换，但后有or not,或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。例如：
  She asked me whether he could do it or not.
  He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.
  3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如：
  My sister asked me, "How do you like the film?"→My sister asked me how I liked the film.
  4. 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。例如：
  The captain ordered, "Be quiet."→The captain ordered us to be quiet.
  注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。
  My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh."→My teacher asked me not to laugh.
  
   一些注意事项:
  (1)如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
  The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."
  →The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
  (2)如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：
  He said to me, "I was born in 1973."
  →He told me that he was born in 1973.

  (3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
  He said, "I'm a boy, not a girl."
  →He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.

  (4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，
  在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
  The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."
  →The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.

  (5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，