题文

There _____ a ruler and some pencils on the desk.

[     ]

A. is B. are C. have D. has

题型：单选题  难度：中档

答案

A

据专家权威分析，试题“There _____ a ruler and some pencils on the desk.[ ]A. is ..”主要考查你对  there be 句型，主谓一致  等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：

there be 句型主谓一致

考点名称：there be 句型

• There be句型：
  是一常见的表示“存在”的句型。该结构不表示“存在”意义的现象又广见于书面语及口语，它以否定句的形式出现，用于对某一具体行为和抽象概念的否定。
  There在此结构中是引导词，已经没有副词“那里”的含义。
  There be 后面的名词是句子的主语，属倒装结构；
  1.There be 句型的否定句有两种构成方式，一种是将否定副词not放在be 之后，如：
  There isn’t a box in the room.房间里没有盒子。
  There aren’t any pens on the desk.课桌上没有钢笔。
  There hasn’t been any rain for a week.一周没下雨了。
  There won’t be a meeting today.今天没有会议。
  另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no , 如：
  There is no water in the bottle.瓶子里没有水。
  There are no pictures on the wall.墙上没有图画。
  There will be no one at home tomorrow morning.明天上午不会有人在家。
  There might be no money left。或许没有剩下什么钱。
  
  2.There be 句型的一般疑问句是将be 放在there 之前，回答时用yes或no，后接简单答语。如：
  Is there a cake on the table?桌子上有块蛋糕吗？
  Yes，there is. / No，there isn’t.是，有。/ 不，没有。
  Will there be a party tonight？今晚有聚会吗？
  Yes，there will./ No, there won’t是的，有。/ 不，没有。
  Have there been any letters from your mother lately?近日你妈妈有信来吗？
  Yes，there have./ No, there haven’t.是，有的。/ 不，没有。
  
  3.There be 句型的特殊疑问句主要有how many和how much做引导词两种情况：
  How many students are there in your school?你们学校有多少学生？
  How much money is there in your pocket?你口袋里有多少钱?
  
  4.There be 句型的反意疑问句
  There is a cup on the table, isn’t there?桌子上有只杯子，是吗？
  There is some orange in the glass, isn’t there?杯子里有桔汁，是吗?
  There are a lot of letters in the mailbox, aren’t there?邮筒里有很多信件，是吗？
  There will be a new hospital nearby, won’t there?附近要建一家新医院，是吗?

• There be句型结构：
  1、There be 句型中的be 应和其后出现的主语在数上一致，即“近主原则”，如：
  There is a lamp on the table.
  There are some apples in the bowl.
  There are five books,two pens and a ruler in the school bag.
  There is a ruler,two pens and five books in the school bag.
  
  2、如果主语是复数名词，却表示一笔金额或一个总数或表达一个单个概念时，则仍用单数be形式，如：
  There is five hundred dollars to pay.
  There is still another 20 miles to drive.
  There is duck and green vegetables for supper.
  
  3、There be 中的be 有时可以是lie,stand,used to be,seem to be,appear to be 等，如：
  There lies a river to the south.
  There lived an old man in the small house.
  There stood a temple near the river.
  There used to be a castle at the foot of the hill.
  
  4、There is(was)+no +动词ing结构相当于It is(was) impossible to +动词原形，如：
  There is no going home. 回家是不可能了。
  There is no living with him. 不能和他同住了。
  There is no knowing what may happen. 不可能知道会发生什么事。

• 和have的比较：
  1.区别点：there be 意为存在，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系；have 表示所有关系， 强调某人或某地有某物，这是其基本用法。如：
  There are some trees in front of the house.房前有些树。
  Tom has many friends in China.汤姆在中国有许多朋友。
  2.相同点：在表示结构上的含有时，既可以用there be 句型，也可以用have（has） 来表示。如：
  There are many long rivers in China./China has many long rivers.中国有许多长河。
  How many days are there in March?/How many days has March?三月份有多少天？

  注意:
  There与be中间可插入一些表推测的情态动词、表时态的短语和一些动词短语
  (如和将来时be going to\ will、现在完成时 have\has + pp. 、used to结构等连用，注意其构成形式)。
  例如：
  There must be a pen in the box.
  There happened to be some money in my pocket.
  There is going to be a meeting tonight.
  There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.
  There used to be a church across from the bank.

  There be + 主语 + doing +介词短语. 例如：
  There is a truck collecting rubish outside.
  There is a wallet lying on the ground

• There be结构中的be动词的确定：
  1. there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is，是复数时用are。如： 　　
     There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。 　　
     There is some money in the purse. 钱包里有些钱。 　　
  2. 若句子中有几个并列的主语时，be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。如： 　　
     There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house.
     房子里有一个男孩，一个女孩和两个妇女。 　　
     There are ten students and a teacher in the office.
     办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。 　　
  3. 另外，在陈述句中为了强调地点，也可将介词短语提到句首。如： 　　
     In the tree there are five birds. 树上有五只鸟。
  
  There be结构时态：
  1.There be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。
  There is no harm in trying.不妨一试。
  There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring.去年春天，山中有极美的野花。
  There will be a fine day tomorrow.明天将是一个晴天。
  There have been several private schools in our area this year.今年，我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。
  
  2.There be 句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。
  There may be a cigarette in that box.那只盒子里或许有支香烟。
  There must be some cakes on the table.桌子上一定有些蛋糕。
  There used to be a hospital there before the war.战前，那里曾经有家医院。
  
  3.There be 句型也可以和这样一些的谓语动词连用：be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to ….
  There seem to be a few trees between me and the green.在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。
  There is gong to be a meeting tonight.今天晚上有个会议。
  There is likely to be a storm.可能有一场暴雨。
  There happened to be a bus nearby.碰巧附近有辆公交车。
  There appears to have been a nasty accident.似乎发生了一起严重事故。
  
  4.there be 结构中除可以用be 外，还可以用其它动词。例如：
  There came a scent of lime-blossom.飘来一阵菩提树的花香。