这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
⑤名词/主格代词+副词
如：
He put on his sweater ,wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。
The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。
⑥名词/主格代词+介词短语
如：
The boy goes to the classroom,book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
Mary was sitting near the fire,her back towards the door.玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。
⑦名词/主格代词+名词
His first shot failure，he fired again．
他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。
Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.
两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。

二、- with 引导的独立主格:与主句逻辑关系紧密
形式为: with + n. + -ed/-ing形式; with + n. +adj.; with +n. +介词短语
with ( without)+宾语（名词/代词）+宾语补足语，宾语通常由名词或代词充当，但代词一定要用宾格。
上文的独立主格结构的几种情况都适用于此结构。
The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。（without +名词/代词+动词的-ing形式）
Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.
她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。（without+名词/代词+动词的-ed形式）
The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.
有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。（with+名词/代词+动词不定式）
The boy was walking, with his father ahead.
父亲在前，小孩在后走着。（with+名词/代词+副词）
He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand.
他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。（with+名词/代词+介词短语）
With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.
由于儿子如此令人失望，老人感到很不快乐。（with+名词/代词+形容词）
在with (without) 的复合结构中，多数情况下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。

三、- each引导的强调型独立主格:
形式为:句子 +复数名词结尾 , each +介词短语/形容词短语/名词短语/-ing形式/-ed形式
这种独立主格结构为了强调句尾的复数名词
如:
Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the company's basic businesses will be divided into five groups,each with its own executive

四、其他形式 :
There being +名词（代词）
如：
There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。
It being +名词（代词）
如：
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。

独立主格运用注意：
1.独立主格转换成状语从句，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：
After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.
下课后，学生很快离开了课室。
2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形：在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。
(1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：
Itbeing Sunday, we went to church.
因为是星期天，我们去做了礼拜。
(2)在There being+名词的结构中。如：
There beingno bus, we had to go home on foot.
因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。
3. 在“名词（或代词）+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如：
Miss Smith entered the classroom,book in hand.
史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。
比较with的复合结构。如：
Miss Smith entered the classroom,with a book in her hand.
4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式.
The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting.
主编来了，我们开始开会。(比较动名词复合结构。)

独立主格结构的用法：
独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
1.用作时间状语
The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home.
工作完成后，我们就回家了。
2.用作条件状语
Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
3.用作原因状语
An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.
因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
4.用作伴随状语
He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head).
他躺在草地上，将两手交叉枕在脑后。
5.表示补充说明
We redoubled our efforts,each man working like two.
我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。
注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；
表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。