3) as在从句中作be动词的表语
　　China is not the same country as it used to be. 中国已今非昔比。
　　4) as在从句中作行为方式状语
　　You should learn to do housework in the same way as your mother does it. 你应该学会像你母亲那样做家务活。
2. such ... as
　　1) as在从句中作主语
　　Let children read such books as tend to make them better and brighter. 让孩子看那些容易让他们变得更好更聪明的书。
　　2) as在从句中作宾语
　　This is not such an interesting book as you just talked about. 这不是你们刚才谈到的那种有趣的书。
　　3) as在从句中作be动词的表语
　　Such a bad man as he is will be punished. 像他这样的坏人一定会受到惩罚。
3. as ... as
　　1) 第二个as在从句中作主语
　　He has as much money as is required. 他要多少钱就有多少钱。
　　2) 第二个as在从句中作宾语
　　I have as many friends as you (do). 我的朋友和你的朋友一样多。
　　3) 第二个as在从句中作be动词的表语
　　As is known to all, Taiwan is one of the Chinese provinces。众所周知,台湾是中国的一个省。

二、than作为准关系词 出现在more ... than, less ... than, fewer ... than等结构中。这时, than前面要有名词; than本身有比较意义,而且需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
　　1. than在从句中作主语
　　Take it easy, I have more money than is needed. 放心，我的钱比所需要的还要多。
　　2. than在从句中作宾语
　　I have more/fewer books than you (do). 我的书比你的多/少。
　　3. than在从句中作be动词的表语
　　He is a better boy than you (are). 他是一个比你更好的男孩。
三、but作为准关系词 本身含有否定意义,它前面的主句还有另一个否定意义。这时but在意义上相当于“who ... not ...”或“which/that ... not ...”。
　　1.定语从句中有be动词,并将其改为含but的复合句时, be动词后面不能再有not
　　There is no one who is not conccrned about his future. (= There is no one but is concerned about his future.) 没有人不关心自己的未来?
　　2. 定语从句中有can, will, shall, must, may, should, ought to等助动词或情态动词,在将其改为含but的复合句时,这些助动词或情态动词后面不能再有not
　　There is nothing that she can’t do. (= There is nothing but she can do.) 没有她做不到的事?
　　3. 定语从句中有助动词do, does, did, 在将其改为含but的复合句时,应去掉do, does, did, 还原其后动词的时态及人称变化
　　There is no one who doesn’t wish to make great achievements. (= There is no one but wishes to make great achievements.) 谁都希望自己将来能有所成就。
四、which的先行词：关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子
　　He said he saw me there, which was a lie。他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。
说明：关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略
　　I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew。 我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。  

考点名称：疑问副词

• 疑问副词：
  用来引导特殊疑问句，表示时间，地点，方式，原因等。
  常见的有：when,where,how,why等。

• 疑问副词的用法：
  1.疑问副词是问何时、何地、如何、因何的副词，主要有when, where, how, why。
  
  2.疑问副词用在句首。
  How long have you been staying in America?
  你在美国待多久了?

  3.疑问副词在句中引导名词子句。
  I want to know where she has gone.
  我想知道她去哪里了。

  4.疑问副词后接不定词构成的名词片语，在句中可以作主词、受词或主词补语。
  How to solve the problem gives him a bad headache.
  如何解决这个问题使他伤透脑筋。
  （How to solve the problem作主词。）
  I don't know how to answer the question.
  我不知道如何回答这个问题。
  （how to answer the question作受词。）
  The patient is in urgent need the medicine, but the problem is where to get it.
  这个病人急需这种药,但问题是哪里能找到。
  （where to get it作主词补语。）

  5.疑问副词引导的名词子句可作主词、受词或主词补语。
  When we are to start the competition hasn't fixed yet.
  我们什么时候开始比赛还没有定下来。
  （When we are to start the competition作主词。）
  She asked her husband where he had been.
  她问她丈夫去哪里了。
  （where he had been 作受词。）
  The question is when we can finish our work.
  问题是我们何时能完成我们的工作。
  （when we can finish our work作主词补语。）

• 疑问代词与疑问副词的区别：
  1. 疑问代词做对陈述句的主语，宾语或定语提问，即做句子的主语，宾语或定语，如what, who/ whom, whose.
  eg. Who is talking ? What can you see?
  Whose shirt is this?
  2.疑问副词对时间，地点，方式等状语提问，如when, where, how 等.
  eg. When is your birthday? Where are you going?
  How do you know?
  常见的疑问代词：what  who  which  whom(只做宾语）
  疑问副词：how  where  when
  还有whether是疑问连接词。

考点名称：过去将来时

• 过去将来时：
  表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。
  去将来时的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。

• 过去将来时表达法：
  1. would+动词原形
    例如：When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you.
  2. was/were going to+动词原形
    例如：He told ustaht he was going to attend the meeting.
  3. was/were to+动词原形
    例如：Li Lei was to arrive soon.
  4. was/were about to+动词原形
    例如：We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.
  5. was/were+现在分词
    例如：He was leaving the next day.

  句型结构：
  肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形～.
  否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形～.
  疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形～？
  
  肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形～.
  否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形～.
  疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形～？
  过去将来时的构成和一般将来时一样，只不过把助动词be变为过去式，把will，shall变为过去式。
  例句：I didn''t know if he would come. =I didn''t know if he was going to come. 我不知道他是否会来。

• 过去将来时具体用法：
  一、would+不定式
  1.用“would+不定式”表示过去将来时间通常带有表示过去将来的时间状语，而且多见于从属分句。
  He said he would come back the next day.
  2.如果要表示在过去将来某一时间正在进行得动作，可用“would+不定式进行体”。
  例如：He never imagined that some day he would be living away from his motherland.
  这种“would+不定式进行体”结构也可能仅仅表示一般过去过去将来时间，如同“will/shall+不定式进行体”表示一般将来时间一样。、
  例如：He told me that Mary would be coming the next day.
  如果要表示在过去将来某时以前业已发生得事态，可用“would+不定式完成体”。
  例如：The delegation would have arrived by four o'clock that afternoon.
  如果要表示从过去某时开始一直延续到过去将来某时得动作或事态，可用“would+不定式完成进行体”。
  例如： She said that by the end of May she would have been studying medicine for three years
  
  二、was/were going to +不定式
  用做表示过去将来，也通常带有表示过去将来时间得状语。
  例如： He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.
  用做表示的动作或事态，也可以是没有实现的意图。
  例如：Last  Sunday we were going to go for a picnic but it rained .
  
  三、was/were to +不定式
  用做表示过去将来，通常指按过去的计划安排将在某个过去将来时间发生得事态。
  例如：They  were not to get away with it if they continued to violate the law.
  用作表示过去将来的安排，如果这个安排后来被取消了，没有实现，则用“was/were to +不定式完成体”表示，并可与表示现在、过去或将来得时间状语连用。 此外，其也可用作于表示以后不可避免得要发生得事件。
  例如：They said goodbye,little knowing they were never to meet again.
  
  四、was/were about to +不定式
  用半助动词be about to 的过去时形式也可使其表示过去将来。这种结构通常指最近的过去将来事态，而且在一定语境中通常指未曾实现的意图：