用所给词的正确形式填空。l. My teacher devoted herself _____ (research)education.2. Whenhe_____ (finish)school, hestudied physics in Switzerland.3.Stop_____ -九年级英语

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When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)
They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)
b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:
Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。
Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?

  • 英汉实意动词用法比较:
    与汉语的比较,有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:
    a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,listen听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:
    We arrived at the railway station at noon.
    我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)
    (比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)
    Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.
    每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)
    (比较:We all heard the lecture.)
    Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)

    b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。
    Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.
    我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务
    用于be动词之后,实义动词之前。

  •  实意动词的用法:
    肯定句:
    主语+动词过去式+其它
    否定句:
    主语+助动词didn‘t+动词原型+其他
    一般过去式:
    Did+主语+动词原型+其他

  • 考点名称:分词

    • 分词:
      就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,
      如时态,语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾语的性能。
      分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式。
      现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:
      现在分词表示"主动和进行",过去分词表示"被动和完成"(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。
      分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。

    • 现在分词构成形式:
      ①一般在动词原形末尾加ing,如do→doing、sing→singing、comfort→comforting
      ②以不发音的e、ue结尾的动词,先去e,再加ing,如dance→dancing、hike→hiking、write→writing、make→ making,take→taking
      ③以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词加ing,如see→seeing、toe→toeing、dye→dyeing
      ④以重读闭音节结尾的动词,并且末尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这一字母,再加ing,如cut→cutting、swim→swimming
      注:结尾是x则不必双写,如relax→relaxing
      ⑤以ie结尾的动词,要把ie变成y再加ing,如die→dying,lie→lying.
      ⑥以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ing,如picnic→picnicking,traffic→trafficking

      过去分词构成形式:
      1.规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:
      (1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。(然而要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式)
      work---worked---worked ,  visit---visited---visited
      (2)、以不发音的“ e ” 结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。
      live---lived---lived
      (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。
      study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,try---tried---tried,fry---fried---fried.[1]
      (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。
      stop---stopped---stopped  ,  drop---dropped--dropped
      (5)、以ic结尾的动词,要把ic变成ick再加ed,
      picnic→picnicked  ,traffic→trafficked
      2 、不规则动词:见不规则动词表

    • 分词用法:
      1、分词作状语   
      分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。   
      分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。
      当现在分词表示的动作发 生在谓语动词之前时, 则用现在分词的完成式,且所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生, 则用现在分词的一般式。
      完成或被动关系用过去分词。   
      ①现在分词:
      The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.   
      ②过去分词:
      Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. 
      Given   better attention, the plants could grow better.   

      2、“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)+分词”结构   
      现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when, once, although, until, if等连词。   
      ①现在分词:
      When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
      While waiting for  the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……   
      ②过去分词:
      Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it  well.   
      Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.   

      3、分词作定语   
      分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。
      现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。    
      We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.    
      This is really an exhausting day to all of us!   
      We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.   
      After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.   
      More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with  developed countries   

      4、分词作宾语补足语   
      现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及
      have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补语的成分。
      例:I see him passing my house every day.
      I caught him stealing things in that shop.
      I smelt something burning.

      5、分词作表语
      分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。
      过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,主语多为人。现在分词表示主语的性质,而且主语多为物;
      ①过去分词:
      We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.
      She felt confused, and even frightened.
      ②现在分词:
      He was very amusing.
      That book was rather boring.
      很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语:
      exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.

    考点名称:动名词

    • 动名词:
      如果一个动词加上了ing变成了名词,那么这个词称动名词。 动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。
      它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。
      由于动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍保留着动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。
      动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用,作主语、宾语、表语、定语。

    • 动名词的结构和形式:
      动名词的否定结构:
      动名词的否定结构由not 动名词组成。如:
      Trying without success is better than not trying at all. 实验没有成功也比不实验好。
      He hated himself for not having work hard. 他悔恨自己没有用功。
      I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before. 很抱歉,没有早给你打电话。
      He felt sorry for not having done the work well. 他为没有把工作做好感到难过。
      I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going. 我看不去对你倒好了。
      (not going 是动名词一般式的否定形式)
      There is no denying the fact that he si diligent.
      (no denying 也是动名词一般式的否定)

      动名词复合结构:
      通常情况下,动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语。如果动名词动作的发出者不失谓语动的主语时,则需要有自己的逻辑主语物主代词或名词所有格加动名词就构成了动名词的复合结构,这种结构在句中可以作主语,宾语等。
      (1)逻辑主语是有生命的名词作主语时,必须用名词或代词所有格,作宾语时(尤其在口语中),也可用名词普通个或人称代词宾格。如:
      Do you think my going there will be of any help?
      你看我去会有什么帮助吗?(宾语)
      The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French.
      这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。(主语)

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